Ion localisation in plant cells using the combined techniques of freeze-substitution and X-ray microanalysis

1993 ◽  
pp. 217-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Hajibagheri ◽  
T.J. Flowers
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cells ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
X Ray

X-ray microanalysis of ion distributions in rye leaf cells at sub-zero temperatures

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-175
Author(s):  
Kaarina Pihakaski-Maunsbach ◽  
Diana M.R. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cells ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Rapid Freezing ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ion Distributions ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Freezing Injuries

X-ray microanalysis has been used in a new application to study potassium changes induced by cold acclimation and freezing injuries in plant cells. Potassium is a key ion since it is the major free cation present in the plant cytoplasm. Most studies dealing with freezing injuries have been conducted on whole plants or pieces of tissues thawn after freezing. Rapid freezing of tissue pieces from defined temperatures, followed by freeze-substitution and analysis of ions by X-ray microanalysis from different cell organelles, allows conclusions about the temperature at which damage occurs.Seeds of winter rye (Secale cereale L. cv Voima) were germinated in vermiculite at 25 °C for 3 days (non-acclimated, NA). A portion of the seedlings were transferred after 2 days to 5 °C for 4 weeks (cold acclimated, A). Specimens for freeze substitution were taken from the growing temperatures, and from the temperatures where 50% (LT50) and 100% (LT100) of the plants were killed.

Techniques for cryoultramicrotomy of propane jet frozen biological samples

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
B. Craig ◽  
L. Hawkey ◽  
A. LeFurgey
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Chick Heart ◽  
Embryonic Chick Heart ◽  
A New Technique

Ultra-rapid freezing followed by cryoultramicrotomy is essential for the preservation of diffusible elements in situ within cells prior to scanning transmission electron microscopy and quantitative energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis. For cells or tissue fragments in suspension and for monolayer cell cultures, propane jet freezing provides cooling rates greater than 30,000°C/sec with regions up to 40μm in thickness free of significant ice crystal formation. While this method of freezing has frequently been applied prior to freeze fracture or freeze substitution, it has not been widely utilized prior to cryoultramicrotomy and subsequent x-ray microanalytical studies. This report describes methods devised in our laboratory for cryosectioning of propane jet frozen kidney proximal tubule suspensions and cultured embryonic chick heart cells, in particular a new technique for mounting frozen suspension specimens for sectioning. The techniques utilize the same specimen supports and sample holders as those used for freeze fracture and freeze substitution and should be generally applicable to any cell suspension or culture preparation.

Ion measurements by X-ray microanalysis in unfixed, frozen, hydrated plant cells of species differing in salt tolerance

Planta ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Yeo ◽  
A. L�uchli ◽  
D. Kramer ◽  
J. Gullasch
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Emeritus Professor Reinhard Ferdinand Mathias Van Steveninck (1928–2017) and Dr Margaret Elva Van Steveninck (1931–2017) – plant physiologists and electron microscope X-ray microprobe specialists

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 962
Author(s):  
Terence V. Price
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Active Member ◽  
Emeritus Professor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Major Review ◽  
Ageing Phenomenon

This obituary highlights the careers and contributions of two eminent plant physiologists. Emeritus Professor Reinhard Van Steveninck (1928–2017) was educated at Wageningen and London University. He joined the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), New Zealand, and achieved early recognition for his publications on abscission and mechanisms of salt uptake of plants. He was appointed Professor of Agriculture (Plant/Soil Science) at La Trobe University in 1976. He expanded his research into salinity tolerance of lupins and the ultrastructural localisation of ions using X-ray microprobe analysis. He was a good teacher and nurtured and trained many researchers in this area. He was a recognised expert in using a combination of ultrastructural techniques to study the movement of ions within plant cells and across tissues. His publications include book chapters on plant physiology, as well as a major review on the ‘washing’ or ‘ageing’ phenomenon in plant tissues. He was an active member and President of the Australian Society of Plant Physiologists. Margaret Van Steveninck (1931–2017) worked as a Research Assistant at Adelaide University and subsequently as a Demonstrator and Senior Demonstrator in Botany at Queensland and La Trobe University. Her plant physiology research with her husband resulted in numerous joint publications including a chapter on microanalysis in ‘Electron microscopy of plant cells’.

scholarly journals Evaluation of silicon and germanium retention in rat tissues and diatoms during cell and organelle preparation for electron probe microanalysis.

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 348-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
C W Mehard ◽  
B E Volcani
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Silicon And Germanium

Chemical, radiochemical and x-ray microanalysis assays were used to define parameters of silicon (Si) retention during preparation og biologic samples (rat liver, spleen, kidney, lung, diatoms and cell organelles) for x-ray microanalysis, Due to its longer half-life 68-Fe was used in some cases to trace SI. Leaching of Si from cells and organelles by the aqueous preparation media was overcome by use of the freeze-substitution process. Cells were treated with 30% glycerol hypertonic sucrose medium to reduce ice damage. Embedment in Spurr's low viscosity epoxy resin medium caused no apparent Si loss. A semiquantitative evaluation showed 0.5 x 10-8 to 0.3 x 10-17 g detectable Si in isolated rat liver mitochondria in thin sections, which is within the instrument's range of detection. This study indicateds that the presence of Si in the mitochondria is not the rsult of contamination.

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