Gender Differences in Math: Cognitive Processes in an Expanded Framework

2004 ◽  
pp. 73-98
Author(s):  
James P. Byrnes
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes

scholarly journals Spatial Orientation In Sportsmen

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Stanislava Stoyanova ◽  
Nikolay Ivantchev ◽  
Kremka Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Test System ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Visual Environment ◽  
Sports Training

Cognitive processes are important for successful practicing of sport. 69 national and regional competitors in different kinds of sports were studied by means of 2D Visualisation, the subtest “Comparing surfaces” of AHA and GESTA - computerized test methods from Vienna Test System measuring spatial orientation, precision of estimation of the size of the surfaces, and perception of more or few details in visual environment respectively. There were not any significant gender differences in athletes’ spatial orientation. Longer period of sports training was related to better spatial orientation.

The Gender-Binary Cycle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar Saguy ◽  
Michal Reifen Tagar ◽  
Daphna Joel
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender Binary ◽  
Proper Order ◽  
Binary Cycle

Gender inequality is one of the most pressing issues of our time. A core factor that feeds gender inequality is people’s gender ideology - a set of beliefs about the proper order of society in terms of the roles women and men should fill. We argue that gender ideology is shaped, in large parts, by the way people make sense of gender differences. Specifically, people often think of gender differences as expressions of a predetermined biology, and of men and women as different "kinds". We describe work suggesting that thinking of gender differences in this biological-essentialist way perpetuates a non-egalitarian gender ideology. We then review research that refutes the hypothesis that men and women are different "kinds" in terms of brain function, hormone levels, and personality characteristics. Next, we describe how the organization of the environment in a gender-binary manner, together with cognitive processes of categorization drive a biological-essentialist view of gender differences. We then describe the self-perpetuating relations, which we term the gender-binary cycle, between a biological-essentialist view of gender differences, a non-egalitarian gender ideology, and a binary organization of the environment along gender lines. Finally, we consider means of intervention at different points in this cycle.

Gender differences in the associations of reappraisal and humor styles

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela A. Sillars ◽  
Christina Nicolaides ◽  
Alexander Karan ◽  
Robert Wright ◽  
Megan L. Robbins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Humor Styles ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Aggressive Humor ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy

AbstractReappraisal is an effective emotion regulation strategy that draws on cognitive processes–like changing one’s thoughts to change one’s feelings–that are similar to those implicated in humor. Yet, very little is known about the links between the dispositional tendency to use reappraisal and individuals’ humor styles (e. g. aggressive, affiliative, self-deprecating, self-enhancing). Importantly, there are gender differences both in emotion regulatory processes and in the use of humor styles. We examined gender differences in reported use of humor styles, the associations between reappraisal and humor styles, and whether gender moderated those associations. Participants (N=250) were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk and self-reported their dispositional use of reappraisal and four humor styles. Men reported greater use of aggressive humor compared to women. Dispositional use of reappraisal was positively associated with self-enhancing humor. In addition, reappraisal use was positively related to greater use of affiliative humor, and this association was stronger for men than women. For men, greater use of reappraisal was associated with greater use of self-defeating humor, but reappraisal was negatively associated with self-defeating humor for women. Findings extend insight from prior work and suggest that both reappraisal and specific ways of using humor draw on aspects of self-regulatory competence rooted in cognitive change abilities, and the patterns of association differ in interesting ways for men and women.

scholarly journals Cognitive Processes of Using Representational Form in Mathematical Modeling Based on Gender Differences

Jurnal Elemen ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-474
Author(s):  
Elika Kurniadi ◽  
◽  
Novita Sari ◽  
Darmawijoyo Darmawijoyo ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Mathematical Problem ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Mathematics Ability ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Representational Form

The process of thinking in formulating a mathematical model requires cognitive processes. In learning mathematics, one of the factors that influence mathematics ability is gender differences. This research explores and provides an overview of the cognitive processes, especially using the representational form in mathematical modeling regarding gender differences. The type of research used is descriptive exploratory with a qualitative approach. The research subjects were 36 pre-service teachers in the mathematics education study program, consists of 18 males and 18 females. The instruments were a written test and an interview guide sheet. The result shows that males get higher percentages than females to answer the representational problem correctly. In conclusion, both males and females solve the graph problem using representative form through three components of the cognitive process. The first and second component, namely knowing and applying, shows the same behavior: retrieving the information from the mathematical problem and displaying the information into the graph. For the third component, reasoning also offers the same behavior because the truth of the graph that justifies refers to the mathematical properties. The study implies that it might be the same treatment for males and females to improve representational form regarding the components of cognitive process, namely, knowing, applying, and reasoning.

Cognitive processes, strain, and stress: Gender differences in stress propensity indicators

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Wofford ◽  
Paula S. Daly ◽  
Rusty L. Juban
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes

The gender-binary cycle: the perpetual relations between a biological-essentialist view of gender, gender ideology, and gender-labelling and sorting

2021 ◽  
Vol 376 (1822) ◽  
pp. 20200141
Author(s):  
Tamar Saguy ◽  
Michal Reifen-Tagar ◽  
Daphna Joel
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender Binary ◽  
Proper Order ◽  
Binary Cycle ◽  
And Gender

Gender inequality is one of the most pressing issues of our time. A core factor that feeds gender inequality is people's gender ideology—a set of beliefs about the proper order of society in terms of the roles women and men should fill. We argue that gender ideology is shaped, in large parts, by the way people make sense of gender differences. Specifically, people often think of gender differences as expressions of a predetermined biology, and of men and women as different ‘kinds’. We describe work suggesting that thinking of gender differences in this biological-essentialist way perpetuates a non-egalitarian gender ideology. We then review research that refutes the hypothesis that men and women are different ‘kinds’ in terms of brain function, hormone levels and personality characteristics. Next, we describe how the organization of the environment in a gender-binary manner, together with cognitive processes of categorization drive a biological-essentialist view of gender differences. We then describe the self-perpetuating relations, which we term the gender-binary cycle , between a biological-essentialist view of gender differences, a non-egalitarian gender ideology and a binary organization of the environment along gender lines. Finally, we consider means of intervention at different points in this cycle. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The political brain: neurocognitive and computational mechanisms’.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document