Comparing Media Systems Beyond the Western World

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2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guolin Shen
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Author(s):  
Sarah Kamal

As I am opening the discussion on ‘perspectives from the developing world’, I thought I would begin by observing that there is a growing awareness and criticism that media theory is primarily developed from US and UK-based contexts. The applicability of theory with such a narrow empirical base in the wider world is often in question. At the moment, media practitioners in the developing world often draw their intellectual base from US/UK-based theory. Further, in situations of post-conflict reconstruction, as has been the case in Kosovo, Serbia, and Afghanistan, the development of media systems in developing countries is based on models from the Western world. So today I’d like to explore areas of gap - or phrased more positively, under explored potential – that could bridge Western-centric media theory/practice, and theory/practice in what I might call the larger world.





Journalism ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1291-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangyuan Wu

The topic of journalism crisis has become increasingly pertinent as criticisms mount against news media systems that have prioritized private over public interests and/or failed to meet the challenges brought on by the Internet. Much research on journalism crisis, however, is set in the Anglo-American context and couched within a liberal-democratic ideological framework; little is known about how journalism crisis is experienced in societies that may be heavily exposed to Western liberal ideals but whose media systems continue to experience some form of authoritarian influence or control. Evaluating all journalism realities through the Western lens may create erroneous perceptions that alternative systems are lacking or deficient. This study uses a framework of crisis narratives to shed light on the web of structural-causal factors that might be influencing fears of journalism crisis in such hybrid societies. Establishing first the crisis narratives most commonly discussed in dominant journalism crisis literature, this study then notes the selective adoption of liberal ideologies by countries outside the Western world, as imperial influences interact with local histories and cultures. Of interest are two Asian ‘global cities’ in transition, Singapore and Hong Kong. Through surveys and in-depth interviews, this study uncovers stark differences in the journalism crisis perceptions of news-workers in Singapore and Hong Kong and argues the existence of a ‘crisis of legitimacy’ narrative, pertaining to the system of governance, that must be accounted for when studying journalism’s decline outside of the Western context.



1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
Dilnawaz A. Siddiqui

With the increased efficiency of mass communication technology therehas been enhanced sophistication in its varied utilization. Correspondingly,a few fresher perspectives of mass media analysis have also appeared in recentyears.Wiebe's (1975) The Segmented Society offered a sociological interpretationof mass media contents which, according to him, aggravated the growingisolation of individuals from their social organizations. Williams (1982) wroteof serious dangers of the concentrated control of powerful media. In the sameyear, Berger (1982) dealt with the three types of media analysis techniquesfrom the perspectives of a) structural-functionalist; b) serniological; andc) Marxist. Berger sounded rather casual about the misuse of media by certainindividuals or groups. To him it seemed just a matter of varying perspectivesto find faults with each other's media systems in the tradition of inter-ideologicalrivalry among researchers subscribing to the three different schools of thought.Lowery and DeFleur (1983, 1988) identified the major milestone in theevolution of communication research. In this process, they discovered severalinstances of misuse of mass media and of media research for commercialand political purposes. But their disapproval of such practices in the Americansociety was relatively mild and subdued. Martin's and Chaudhary's (1983 )work seems to be the first comprehensive comparative investigation into massmedia systems currently operating in the world. They have compared andcontrasted modes of control, goals and roles of media in the Western,Communist, and the Third World nations. In relative terms, Martin andChaudhary are right in asserting that in the Western world "press freedombelongs primarily to the individual and secondarily to private groups." However,one needs to look deeper to be able to measure the extent to which the individualcontrols the Western media. It is this research concern that should lead usto a fuller discussion of the book under review here.Looking into the political economy of information in the global context,Mowlana (1988) justifies the "fear and frustration of Third World nations."He quotes Schiller (1981) to prove his point that the so-called 'free flow' ofinformation does not exist, for "There are 'selectors and controllers' who shiftand shape the messages that circulate in society." ...



2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-423
Author(s):  
Taberez Ahmed Neyazi
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2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert A. Rizzo ◽  
Todd Bowerly ◽  
Maria Schultheis ◽  
J. Galen Buckwalter ◽  
Robert Matheis ◽  
...  


2012 ◽  
pp. 61-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ershov

According to the latest forecasts, it will take 10 years for the world economy to get back to “decent shape”. Some more critical estimates suggest that the whole western world will have a “colossal mess” within the next 5–10 years. Regulators of some major countries significantly and over a short time‑period changed their forecasts for the worse which means that uncertainty in the outlook for the future persists. Indeed, the intensive anti‑crisis measures have reduced the severity of the past problems, however the problems themselves have not disappeared. Moreover, some of them have become more intense — the eurocrisis, excessive debts, global liquidity glut against the backdrop of its deficit in some of market segments. As was the case prior to the crisis, derivatives and high‑risk operations with “junk” bonds grow; budget problems — “fiscal cliff” in the US — and other problems worsen. All of the above forces the regulators to take unprecedented (in their scope and nature) steps. Will they be able to tackle the problems which emerge?



TEKNOSASTIK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dina Amelia

There are two most inevitable issues on national literature, in this case Indonesian literature. First is the translation and the second is the standard of world literature. Can one speak for the other as a representative? Why is this representation matter? Does translation embody the voice of the represented? Without translation Indonesian literature cannot gain its recognition in world literature, yet, translation conveys the voice of other. In the case of production, publication, or distribution of Indonesian Literature to the world, translation works can be very beneficial. The position of Indonesian literature is as a part of world literature. The concept that the Western world should be the one who represent the subaltern can be overcome as long as the subaltern performs as the active speaker. If the subaltern remains silent then it means it allows the “representation” by the Western.



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