On early hominin meat eating and carcass acquisition strategies

The dynamic nature of business operating environment has called on business leaders to be strategic in their leadership roles if they are to sustain their competitiveness into the unforeseen future. Growth is important in Sacco’s because it is future oriented establishing ways in which the organizational operations can be aligned to future changes in the business environment to ensure that competitiveness is sustained. The SACCOs in Kenya have experienced problems in the past; some even shutting down therefore there is need for customer growth to be enhanced so as to increase their incomes so as to sustain the business. These SACCOs have to look for leaders and managers who can develop future targets, direct and lead other staffs towards meeting the firm’s objective and gaining a competitive edge. The aim of this study was an assessment of corporate growth strategies and performance in savings and cooperative societies in Kenya, Nairobi County. The study sought to determine the influence of market expansion, diversification strategies and acquisition strategies. The study target population was 41 licensed SACCOs in Nairobi County. The study used primary data to collect information, and the data collection instrument was a questionnaire which was given to the 41 operations managers in the 41 selected SACCOs. The data collection procedure was done by the researcher and drop-and-pick strategy will be applied. The data was coded and keyed in Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS Version 23.0), and was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. For descriptive statistics was through mean scores, standard deviations, frequencies and percentages, while the inferential statistics was through regression analysis to establish the relationship between strategic leadership and customer growth. The findings were presented in tables and charts for easy understanding, interpreting, and describing the data. The study established that market expansion, diversification strategies and acquisition strategies as corporate growth strategies had a positive and significant effect on the performance of SACCOs in Nairobi City County. The study concluded that the SACCOs significantly employed market expansion strategies through improved branch network, customer base enhancement, new distribution channels and technological innovation. The study concluded that the SACCOs embraced a hybrid of the main diversification strategies, diverse products and services significantly. It was concluded that to a little extent the selected SACCOs in Nairobi City County have employed acquisition as a corporate growth strategy. The study recommends that the SACCOs should embrace integrate technology in the implementation of corporate growth strategies to enhance efficiency and effectiveness. Further studies should be undertaken to establish the effect of corporate growth strategies on the performance of other SACCOs in other regions to establish the disparities or similarities among the financial sector players.

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Meat Eating and Hominid Evolution

Current Anthropology ◽

10.2307/3596401 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 726

Author(s):

Stanford ◽

Bunn

Keyword(s):

Hominid Evolution ◽

Meat Eating

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Food and Dietary Rules

10.1093/oso/9780198702603.003.0015 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Patrick Olivelle

Keyword(s):

Meat Eating

This chapter examines the detailed rules with regard to food and eating spelled out in the Dharmaśāstras. These rules are based on an intricate classification of land animals, birds, and fish according to three criteria: foot and teeth structures, diet (carnivore or herbivore), and habitation (wild, domestic, or village). The animals, milk, and vegetables that are forbidden are called abhakṣya. Even legal foods can become unfit for consumption (abhojya) under certain supervening circumstances: for example, it has been touched or served by an impure person (menstruating woman, someone in mourning, an outcaste) or object (e.g., feces or dog). There is also a discussion about meat eating and vegetarianism.

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New electrical stimulation technologies for sheep carcasses New electrical stimulation technologies for sheep carcasses

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea03257 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 45 (5) ◽

pp. 575 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

F. D. Shaw ◽

S. R. Baud ◽

I. Richards ◽

D. W. Pethick ◽

P. J. Walker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

High Voltage ◽

Consumer Satisfaction ◽

Electrode System ◽

Constant Current ◽

Eating Quality ◽

Meat Eating ◽

Medium Voltage ◽

Sheep Meat ◽

Maximum Voltage

High voltage electrical stimulation applied to the lamb carcass at the end of the dressing procedure often leads to an improvement in overall product quality by reducing the incidence of toughness. It would be advantageous if the same results could be consistently achieved with the use of lower, safer, voltages — medium voltage electrical stimulation. Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of medium voltage electrical stimulation applied to wool-on carcasses on meat quality as assessed using the Sheep Meat Eating Quality protocols. A further experiment examined the interaction of electrical stimulation and meat aging time on the consumer acceptance of lamb meat. In the first experiment, 3 treatments: control (non-stimulated), medium voltage electrical stimulation (applied to the wool-on carcass) and high voltage electrical stimulation (applied at the completion of dressing) were examined. Samples of the loin (LTL) and rump (GM) muscles were evaluated by consumers using Sheep Meat Eating Quality protocols. For both muscles, the consumers gave higher scores for tenderness, juiciness, flavour and overall acceptability to the stimulated product (P<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 stimulation treatments. The second experiment was conducted at a commercial lamb-processing abattoir that had installed a prototype automated electrode system designed to work at chain speed. Lambs received either no stimulation (control), low current medium voltage electrical stimulation (constant current 300 mA peak, 15 Hz, maximum voltage 550 V peak) or high current medium voltage electrical stimulation (constant current 600 mA peak, 15 Hz, maximum voltage 550 V peak) immediately after sticking. Electrical stimulation improved both the objective and sensory (Sheep Meat Eating Quality) eating quality attributes of lamb loin muscle when assessed following 2 days of ageing. When expressed according to consumer satisfaction rating, 30, 37 and 70% of the loins receiving low, high or no electrical stimulation, respectively, were rated as unsatisfactory at 2 days of ageing. At 4 days of ageing no loins from carcasses in the low stimulation treatment were rated by consumers to be unsatisfactory (P<0.05) compared with either non-stimulated (40%) or high-stimulated loins (35%). With respect to the effects of aging meat, electrical stimulation improved the consumer score at 2 days post-stunning by 8.9 and 4.7 points for tenderness and overall liking, respectively. Further linear improvements due to aging were similar for both electrical stimulation and unstimulated products. Under conditions of no electrical stimulation used in this experiment, 10 days aging results in tenderness and overall liking scores greater than 60 and with ES similar scores are achieved in 5 days. Consumer scores over 60 greatly reduce the chance of meat being classified as unsatisfactory.

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Towards a trait-based understanding of Symbiodiniaceae nutrient acquisition strategies

Coral Reefs ◽

10.1007/s00338-020-02034-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jane C. Y. Wong ◽

Susana Enríquez ◽

David M. Baker

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Acquisition ◽

Acquisition Strategies

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Nitrogen Pools in Tropical Plantations of N2-Fixing and Non-N2-Fixing Legume Trees under Different Tree Stand Densities

Nitrogen ◽

10.3390/nitrogen2010006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 86-98

Author(s):

Kelly Nery Bighi ◽

Ranieri Ribeiro Paula ◽

Marcos Vinícius Winckler Caldeira ◽

Diego Lang Burak ◽

Eduardo de Sá Mendonça ◽

...

Keyword(s):

N2 Fixation ◽

Stand Density ◽

N Accumulation ◽

Biological N2 Fixation ◽

Nitrogen Acquisition ◽

Nitrogen Pools ◽

Acquisition Strategies ◽

Tropical Plantations ◽

Schizolobium Parahyba ◽

Slow Growing

We investigated the nitrogen pools in monocultures of legume species widely used in reforestation in Brazil that have contrasting growth and nitrogen acquisition strategies. The plantations were established with the slow-growing and N2-fixing tree Anadenanthera peregrina var. peregrina, and the fast-growing and non-fixing tree Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum. The measurements of N pools in the tree biomass and the soil followed standard methods and were carried out on 54 experimental plots. The N2 fixation pools were evaluated by abundance natural of 15N and the N accretion methods. The soil N content was of similar magnitude between species and stand densities. The species showed similar amounts of N in the biomass, but divergent patterns of N accumulation, as well as the 15N signature on the leaves. S. parahyba accumulated most N in the stem, while A. peregrina accumulated N in the roots and leaves. However, the N accumulation in biomass of A. peregrina stand was less constrained by environment than in S. parahyba stands. The percentage of N derived from N2 fixation in A. peregrina stands decreased with the increase of stand density. The biological N2 fixation estimates depended on the method and the response of tree species to environment.

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