scholarly journals Addressing the envisioned world problem: a case study in human spaceflight operations

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Miller ◽  
Karen M. Feigh
Keyword(s):  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Technological Systems ◽  
Human Spaceflight ◽  
Work Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Work ◽  
Future Technologies ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Dependent Processes

The construction of future technological systems in work domains that do not yet exist, known as the envisioned world problem, is an increasingly important topic for designers, particularly given the rapid rate of technological advancement in the modern era. This paper first discusses the theoretical underpinnings of using cognitive work analysis (CWA) for developing a decision support system (DSS) situated within the envisioned world problem and recasts the problem as pathway-dependent processes. Using this pathway-dependent framework, each stage of the envisioning process is described to reveal how human factors experts can link existing work domains to envisioned instances. Finally, a case study example of the envisioning process that incorporates CWA modelling is demonstrated as it pertains to the advancement of the human spaceflight domain. As a result, this paper provides a unified treatment of the envisioned world problem with an end-to-end example of one approach to designing future technologies for future work domains.

Designing Teams for First-of-a-Kind, Complex Systems Using the Initial Phases of Cognitive Work Analysis: Case Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neelam Naikar ◽  
Brett Pearce ◽  
Dominic Drumm ◽  
Penelope M. Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Empirical Validation ◽  
Cognitive Work Analysis ◽  
Work Analysis ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Cognitive Work ◽  
Team Design

We present a technique for team design based on cognitive work analysis (CWA). We first develop a rationale for this technique by discussing the limitations of conventional approaches for team design in light of the special characteristics of first-of-a-kind, complex systems. We then introduce the CWA-based technique for team design and provide a case study of how we used this technique to design a team for a first-of-a-kind, complex military system during the early stages of its development. In addition to illustrating the CWA-based technique by example, the case study allows us to evaluate the technique. This case study demonstrates that the CWA-based technique for team design is both feasible and useful, although empirical validation of the technique is still necessary. Applications of this work include the design of teams for first-of-a-kind, complex systems in military, medical, and industrial domains.

scholarly journals Designing for Adaptation in Workers’ Individual Behaviors and Collective Structures With Cognitive Work Analysis: Case Study of the Diagram of Work Organization Possibilities

2020 ◽  
pp. 001872081989351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Elix ◽  
Neelam Naikar
Keyword(s):  
Work Organization ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Cognitive Work Analysis ◽  
Work Analysis ◽  
Individual Behaviors ◽  
Industrial Setting ◽  
Future System ◽  
Cognitive Work ◽  
The Impact

Objective We demonstrate that the diagram of work organization possibilities, a recent addition to cognitive work analysis, can be used to develop designs that promote adaptation in the workplace. Background Workers in sociotechnical systems adapt not just their individual behaviors but also their collective structures in dealing with instability, uncertainty, and unpredictability in their tasks. However, conventional design approaches are limited in supporting adaptations in both workers’ behaviors and structures, especially during unforeseen situations. The work organization possibilities diagram has the potential to meet these requirements, but its value for design has not been established. Method We present a case study of a future system for maritime surveillance that provides an analytical demonstration of the utility of the diagram for design and empirical validation of the impact, uniqueness, and feasibility of this approach in an industrial setting. Results This application results in a team design that is integrated with the career and training progression pathway of the crew in a way that maximizes the system’s behavioral and structural possibilities for adaptation. Further, the approach has impact on practice, makes a distinct contribution to design relative to other techniques, and is implemented feasibly in an industrial setting. Conclusion The work organization possibilities diagram can contribute to the development of an integrated system design that supports actors’ possibilities for behavioral and structural adaptation in a unified fashion. Application This research provides a basis for designing interfaces, teams, training, and automation that preserve a system’s inherent capacity for adaptation.

Cognitive Work Analysis for Systems Analysis and Redesign: Rail Level Crossings Case Study

2017 ◽  
pp. 271-284
Author(s):  
Paul M. Salmon ◽  
Gemma J. M. Read ◽  
Michael G. Lenné ◽  
Christine M. Mulvihill ◽  
Nicholas Stevens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Work Analysis ◽  
Level Crossings ◽  
Work Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Work

Formative Modeling of Foster Care Work: A Cognitive Work Analysis Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 933-937
Author(s):  
Connor Wurst ◽  
Huei-Yen Winnie Chen ◽  
Kenneth Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Foster Care ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Care Work ◽  
Cognitive Work Analysis ◽  
Work Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Work ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Domain Management ◽  
Care Decision ◽  
Different Levels

In this paper we present the promise of the Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) methodology, particularly abstraction hierarchy modeling, in the foster care domain. There is increasing interest in applying machine learning decision aids to foster care decision making, but that interest is accompanied by concerns that those aids may perpetuate systemic bias or be largely context-blind. Modeling the work conducted at different levels of the domain offers unique insights into where bias may enter the system as well as possible design implications for these future decision aids. This project models two major areas of work in the domain, management of individual cases and management of overall programs offered. These work areas are then considered in the first 3 levels of the abstraction hierarchy to display the promise that this model can hold for the domain in future work, particularly when supported with more naturalistic studies.

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