Analysis of application and improvement of methods to solve discrete models of Boltzmann equation

To describe technological systems using models of Markov chains and discrete models of the Boltzmann equation it is necessary to determine the probabilities of transition of a system from one state to another. An urgent topic of a scientific research is to improve the accuracy of solving the Boltzmann equation by making a reasonable choice of probabilities of transition and admissible areas of their application. The strategy to model and determine the probabilities of transitions is based on the finite volume method, the ratios of the theory of probability and the joint analysis of material and energy balances. Considering the ratios of the theory of probability, the authors have obtained the refined formula for the probabilities of transitions over the cells of the computational space of discrete models of the Boltzmann equations in case of the description of technological systems. Recommendations to choose the area of application of the model are presented. The computational analysis has showed a significant improvement of the quality of forecasting when we implement the proposed dependencies and recommendations. The relative error of calculating the energy of the system is reduced from 8,4 to 2,8 %. The presented calculated dependencies to determine the probabilities of transition and recommendations for their application can be used to simulate various technological processes and improve the quality of their description.

Statics simulation of the sulphate iron-containing wastewater neutralization process

At the present stage of technical progress, all industries face an extremely complex problem of creating reliable barriers that prevent the penetration of industrial emissions into the environment. Currently, the issues of stabilizing the quality of wastewater treatment have become especially important in connection with the task of developing wastewater-free industrial complexes. Among the complex scientific and technical problems associated with this task, the problem of stable and reliable maintenance of water quality parameters at the outlet of technological systems is crucial, as leakage of pollutants immediately affects the state of basic production, disrupting its technology and infecting ecosystems. The focus of industry on a sharp reduction in emissions and on the creation of industrial cycles with circulating water supply requires intensive efforts to improve the wastewater treatment technology, the introduction of high-performance processes and devices, as well as the synthesis of control systems for typical wastewater treatment processes. For the performance of automated control systems for typical cleaning processes, it is necessary to develop a software package on the basis of appropriate mathematical models of typical processes. To obtain them, methods of mathematical and simulation modeling and variance analysis were used. In order to assess the quality of modeling, the presented mathematical model describing the statics of the neutralization process for ferrous sulfate water was tested for compliance. To do this, two experiments were performed (the first at an initial concentration of sulfuric acid of 800 [mg/l] and ferrous sulfate of 4000 [mg/l] and the second at an initial concentration of sulfuric acid of 800 [mg/l] and ferrous sulfate of 2000 [mg/l]). First of all, a precondition for the reproducibility of experimental results was verified using the Cochrane test. The mathematical model was verified for adequacy on the basis of Fisher's criterion for the significance level q = 0.05 with degrees of freedom j1 = 16 and j2 = 17. For the first experiment, Grozr = 0.50557 and Gmab = 0.73; i.e., Grozr < Gmab and dispersions are homogeneous. Frozr = 1.0225 and Fmab = 2.4 and thus Frozr < Fmab, and there is no reason to say that the model is inadequate. For the second experiment, Grozr = 0.50308 and Gmab = 0.73; i.e., Grozr < Gmab and dispersions are also homogeneous. Frozr = 1.0005 and Fmab = 2.4 and thus Frozr < Fmab, which also indicates that the model is adequate. The issue related to the performance of technological systems for wastewater treatment in non-stationary modes is directly dictated by the specific operating conditions of treatment facilities, which are expressed by the instability of parameters at their inlet. The inability to apply the necessary technological action to the flow in time is a serious obstacle to the implementation of the cleaning depth, which is guaranteed by the physicochemical basis of the methods incorporated in technological systems and requiring cleaning standards. The operator cannot handle this complex task manually. On the basis of the proposed mathematical model, a structural-parametric diagram of the automated process control system has been developed, which makes it possible to proceed to the elaboration of algorithms and software for the control system necessary for automated control of the wastewater treatment process.

Production Methods for Regular Aggregates and Innovative Developments in Poland

The aim of this article is to present possibilities of producing aggregates with an increased content of regular particles in some well-known examples, as well as to present previously unused methods of aggregate production. Traditional aggregate production systems require the use of three or four grinding stages (depending on the particle size of the feed), but fine fractions contain approximately 10% irregular grains on average. The conducted research has shown that in innovative patented technological systems, it is possible to obtain regular aggregates with a share of irregular grains below 3%. The separated irregular aggregates can be crushed again or used for other purposes. The advantages of such inventions include less grinding stages, reduced dust, and lower energy consumption. Regular aggregates also have benefits compared to typical ones. The analyzed aggregate products from various mines showed that regular aggregates have better properties, for example, higher resistance to grinding and abrasion. This article also describes the advantages of using such aggregates for concrete or other applications.

Infrastructures of Minoritization

Figurations of body, community, and politics traversed India and the Ottoman world along the artificial coaling archipelago that connected both via legal islands of extraterritoriality and other technologies in the Red Sea. Examining this system and the ethnic groups that operated and subverted it reveals how minority formation and other forms of making community and autonomy were linked to processes of anatomization and a rearticulation of ideas about race, blood, and soil. This “infrastructural turn” meant that sociability, religion, identity, and political legitimacy in the inter- and intra-imperial domains were biologized and thus fastened to the material and technological systems these groups were part of. Parsis and their Muslim competitors naturalized this system and made it and themselves into parts of the landscape. Such ecologies of ethnicity and extrastatecraft flourished on the margins of large-scale infrastructures, underpinning the emergence of minorities and diasporas in the twentieth century.

Animals for Tools: The Origin and Development of Bone Technologies in China

The origin and development of bone technologies in China are reviewed in the light of recent discoveries and compared to trends emerging from the European and African archaeological records. Three categories of osseous tools are targeted: 1) unmodified bone fragments bearing traces of use in technological activities; 2) bone fragments modified to a variable extent with techniques generally used in stone technologies; 3) osseous fragments entirely shaped with techniques fit for the manufacture of formal bone tools. Early evidence of bone technologies in China are sporadically found in contexts dated between 1.8 and 1.0 Ma. By the late MIS6–early MIS5, bone tools are well-integrated in the technological systems of Pleistocene populations and the rules guiding their use appear increasingly standardized. In addition, the first evidence for the use of osseous material in symbolic activities emerges in the archaeological record during this period. Finally, between 40 and 35 ka, new manufacturing techniques and products are introduced in Late Palaeolithic technological systems. It is first apparent in the manufacture of personal ornaments, and followed by the production and diversification of formal bone tools. By that time, population dynamics seem to become materialized in these items of material culture. Despite regional specificities, the cultural trajectories identified for the evolution of bone technologies in China seem entirely comparable to those observed in other regions of the world.

Deciphering the generating rules and functionalities of complex networks

Network theory helps us understand, analyze, model, and design various complex systems. Complex networks encode the complex topology and structural interactions of various systems in nature. To mine the multiscale coupling, heterogeneity, and complexity of natural and technological systems, we need expressive and rigorous mathematical tools that can help us understand the growth, topology, dynamics, multiscale structures, and functionalities of complex networks and their interrelationships. Towards this end, we construct the node-based fractal dimension (NFD) and the node-based multifractal analysis (NMFA) framework to reveal the generating rules and quantify the scale-dependent topology and multifractal features of a dynamic complex network. We propose novel indicators for measuring the degree of complexity, heterogeneity, and asymmetry of network structures, as well as the structure distance between networks. This formalism provides new insights on learning the energy and phase transitions in the networked systems and can help us understand the multiple generating mechanisms governing the network evolution.

Estimation of the operability of technological systems for the production of biogas by comprehensives indicators

A promising alternative energy source is biogas, which is obtained by bacteria processing an organic substrate without access to oxygen. The efficiency of the use and functioning of technological systems is determined by the indicators of their operability and reliability. The aim of the study is to develop a methodology for assessing the performance of technological systems for biogas production by complex indicators. The article analyzes the methods of complex assessment of the state of technological systems. The considered methods have the following disadvantages: most of them can be used only after a certain operating time of the system; expert assessments are based on intuition and, as a result, are not always objective; the functional-parametric approach is methodological rather than practical; determination of the efficiency retention coefficient with an increase in the number of elements and the complication of the structure of the technological system becomes rather difficult. The operability of technological systems for biogas production with an increase in their service life is expressed through a change in technical condition indicators, a decrease in productivity and a change in economic indicators: an increase in costs per unit of work performed and additional costs for maintaining a repair and maintenance base. To analyze the technical state of technological systems for biogas production, it is advisable to use a complex operational indicator , which simultaneously takes into account its technical and economic characteristics during the period of operation, that is, the unit costs of ensuring operability through the cost of a unit of production during the service life up to the limiting state. Key words: technological system, biogas, reliability, operability, efficiency preservation ratio, comprehensive performance indicator

Mengidentifikasi Kebutuhan Sistem Penerimaan Mahasiswa Baru Dalam Penerapan Blockchain Pada Universitas Bina Darma Palembang

The development of an era that is increasingly sophisticated makes us have to keep up with the times, especially since we will enter the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, where almost all activities use technological systems that help and facilitate people in everyday life. Likewise with an educational institution that must keep up with the current developments. There are so many technological systems that have emerged today and one of the systems is Blockchain. Blockchain is a technology system for recording digital transaction data that is connected through cryptography managed by a group of computers, Blockchain is very helpful because transactions are made easier because they no longer require intermediaries. Looking at the Blockchain itself, it feels quite right to be applied on campus, because one of the advantages of Blockchain is that it is transparent, where every data transaction is carried out without the intervention of others without third parties, this technology is easy to cost, low cost and fast transactions.

Mengidentifikasi Kebutuhan Sistem Informasi Akademik Krs (Kartu Rencana Studi) Menggunakan Teknologi Blockchain Pada Universitas Bina Darma Palembang

The advancement of a more sophisticated period forces us to keep up with the times, especially as we approach the fourth industrial revolution, in which practically all activities rely on technological systems to assist and facilitate people in their daily lives. In the same way, an educational institution must stay up with contemporary events. Blockchain is one of the various technical systems that have arisen in recent years. Blockchain is a technology system for recording digital transaction data that is connected by cryptography and managed by a collection of computers.