scholarly journals RE: Role of rapid diagnostics for viral respiratory infections in antibiotic prescribing decision in the emergency department, by Li et al (2019)

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 991-992
Author(s):  
Danielle A. Rankin ◽  
Peter F. Rebeiro ◽  
Zaid Haddadin ◽  
Natasha B. Halasa ◽  
Robert A. Greevy
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Rapid Diagnostics ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Role of rapid diagnostics for viral respiratory infections in antibiotic prescribing decision in the emergency department

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 974-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
S. Lena Kang-Birken ◽  
Samantha K. Mathews ◽  
Catelynn E. Kenner ◽  
Lynn N. Fitzgibbons
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Rapid Diagnostics ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Abnormal Chest ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

AbstractObjective:To describe the frequency of antibiotic prescriptions in patients with known viral respiratory infections (VRIs) diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 3 emergency departments (EDs) and to identify patient characteristics that influence the prescribing of antibiotics by ED physicians despite PCR confirmation of viral cause.Design:Retrospective, observational analysis of patients with PCR-diagnosed VRI discharged from 3 acute-care hospital EDs within 1 health system.Results:In total, 323 patients were discharged from the ED with a VRI diagnosis, of whom 68 were prescribed antibiotics (21.1%). These patients were older (median, 59.5 vs 43 years; P = .04), experienced symptoms longer (median, 4 vs 2 days; P = .002), were more likely to have received antibiotics in the preceding 7 days (27.9% vs 9.8%; P < .001), and had higher proportions of abnormal chest X-rays (64.5% vs 28.4%; P < .001). Patients were more likely to receive antibiotics for a diagnosis of pneumonia (39.7% vs 1.6%; P < .001) or otitis media (7.4% vs 0.4%; P = .002), and were less likely with diagnosis of upper respiratory infection (2.9% vs 13.7%; P = .02) or influenza (20.6% vs 44.3%; P < .001).Conclusions:Despite a diagnosis of VRI, one-fifth of ED patients were prescribed antibiotics. Patient characteristics including age, duration of symptoms, abnormal chest X-rays, and specific diagnosis may increase provider concern for concurrent bacterial infections. Opportunities exist for antimicrobial stewardship strategies to incorporate rapid diagnostics in promoting judicious antibiotic usage in the ED.

scholarly journals A Review of the Role Micronutrient Status in the Elderly Plays in Their Immune Response to Viral Respiratory Infections and the Potential Compromising Effects Medications Might Cause

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-85
Author(s):  
Michael P. Wakeman
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Healthy Immune System ◽  
Viral Respiratory

The elderly are a growing proportion of the global population. They are more susceptible to non-communicable diseases and respiratory viral diseases like influenza and covid19, which may lead to increased levels of morbidity and mortality than those of a younger generation. It is also reported that co-morbidities, especially diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart disease contribute significantly to the prognosis with these types of infections. That the immune system operates in a less efficient way as an individual ages, is now well understood and likely contributes significantly to this situation. The role of certain micronutrients in maintaining a healthy immune system is well recognised and demonstrated to play an important role both in preventing and controlling infection. However, for a number of reasons many elderly individuals have a less than optimal intake of many of the micronutrients that support the immune system. This review examines the contributory roles an aging immune system, suboptimal intake of micronutrients, comorbidities and the impact of the intake of medications typically used to treat them can play in the outcome of viral respiratory infections. It identifies the need for supplementation, especially in the elderly to support the immune system.

scholarly journals Role of Metapneumovirus in Viral Respiratory Infections in Young Children

2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 2739-2742 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ordas ◽  
J. A. Boga ◽  
M. Alvarez-Arguelles ◽  
L. Villa ◽  
C. Rodriguez-Dehli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

The Role of Immunity in the common Cold and Related Viral Respiratory Infections

1963 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1171-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis B. Lefkowitz ◽  
George Gee Jackson ◽  
Harry F. Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Common Cold ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
The Common ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

scholarly journals Nasopharyngeal microbiota in hospitalized children with Bordetella pertussis and Rhinovirus infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Tozzi ◽  
F. Del Chierico ◽  
E. Pandolfi ◽  
S. Reddel ◽  
F. Gesualdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Model Classification ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

AbstractDespite great advances in describing Bordetella pertussis infection, the role of the host microbiota in pertussis pathogenesis remains unexplored. Indeed, the microbiota plays important role in defending against bacterial and viral respiratory infections. We investigated the nasopharyngeal microbiota in infants infected by B. pertussis (Bp), Rhinovirus (Rv) and simultaneously by both infectious agents (Bp + Rv). We demonstrated a specific nasopharyngeal microbiome profiles for Bp group, compared to Rv and Bp + Rv groups, and a reduction of microbial richness during coinfection compared to the single infections. The comparison amongst the three groups showed the increase of Alcaligenaceae and Achromobacter in Bp and Moraxellaceae and Moraxella in Rv group. Furthermore, correlation analysis between patients’ features and nasopharyngeal microbiota profile highlighted a link between delivery and feeding modality, antibiotic administration and B. pertussis infection. A model classification demonstrated a microbiota fingerprinting specific of Bp and Rv infections. In conclusion, external factors since the first moments of life contribute to the alteration of nasopharyngeal microbiota, indeed increasing the susceptibility of the host to the pathogens' infections. When the infection is triggered, the presence of infectious agents modifies the microbiota favoring the overgrowth of commensal bacteria that turn in pathobionts, hence contributing to the disease severity.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Prescribing for Canadian Preschool Children: Evidence of Overprescribing for Viral Respiratory Infections

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine E. L. Wang ◽  
Thomas R. Einarson ◽  
James D. Kellner ◽  
John M. Conly
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory
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