Continuously Active Disinfectant Inactivates SARS-CoV-2 and Human Coronavirus 229E Two Days After the Disinfectant Was Applied and Following Wear Exposures

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
William A. Rutala ◽  
Luisa A. Ikner ◽  
Curtis J. Donskey ◽  
David J. Weber ◽  
Charles P. Gerba
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Human Coronavirus 229E ◽  
Surface Environment

Abstract The surface environment in COVID-19 patient’s rooms may be persistently contaminated despite disinfection. A continuously active disinfectant demonstrated excellent sustained antiviral activity following a 48-hour period of wear and abrasion exposures with reinoculations. Reductions of >4-log10 were achieved within a 1-minute contact time for SARS-CoV-2 and the human coronavirus, 229E.

scholarly journals Comparative Antiviral Activity of Remdesivir and Anti-HIV Nucleoside Analogs against Human Coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E)

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keykavous Parang ◽  
Naglaa Salem El-Sayed ◽  
Assad J. Kazeminy ◽  
Rakesh K. Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Nucleoside Analogs ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Anti Hiv Agents ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Human Coronavirus 229E ◽  
Modest Activity

Remdesivir is a nucleotide prodrug that is currently undergoing extensive clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19. The prodrug is metabolized to its active triphosphate form and interferes with the action of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of SARS-COV-2. Herein, we report the antiviral activity of remdesivir against human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) compared to known anti-HIV agents. These agents included tenofovir (TFV), 4′-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2′-deoxyadenosine (EFdA), alovudine (FLT), lamivudine (3TC), and emtricitabine (FTC), known as nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), and a number of 5′-O-fatty acylated anti-HIV nucleoside conjugates. The anti-HIV nucleosides interfere with HIV RNA-dependent DNA polymerase and/or act as chain terminators. Normal human fibroblast lung cells (MRC-5) were used to determine the cytotoxicity of the compounds. The study revealed that remdesivir exhibited an EC50 value of 0.07 µM against HCoV-229E with TC50 of > 2.00 µM against MRC-5 cells. Parent NRTIs were found to be inactive against (HCoV-229E) at tested concentrations. Among all the NRTIs and 5′-O-fatty acyl conjugates of NRTIs, 5′-O-tetradecanoyl ester conjugate of FTC showed modest activity with EC50 and TC50 values of 72.8 µM and 87.5 µM, respectively. These data can be used for the design of potential compounds against other coronaviruses.

scholarly journals Antiviral Activity of a Continuously Active Disinfectant Against the Human Coronavirus 229E

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. S3-S4
Author(s):  
William A. Rutala ◽  
Luisa Ikner ◽  
Curtis Donskey ◽  
David J. Weber ◽  
Chuck Gerba
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Human Coronavirus 229E

scholarly journals A protocol for adding knowledge to Wikidata: aligning resources on human coronaviruses

BMC Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andra Waagmeester ◽  
Egon L. Willighagen ◽  
Andrew I. Su ◽  
Martina Kutmon ◽  
Jose Emilio Labra Gayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Data Schema ◽  
Helping Others ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
The Right ◽  
Human Coronavirus 229E

Abstract Background Pandemics, even more than other medical problems, require swift integration of knowledge. When caused by a new virus, understanding the underlying biology may help finding solutions. In a setting where there are a large number of loosely related projects and initiatives, we need common ground, also known as a “commons.” Wikidata, a public knowledge graph aligned with Wikipedia, is such a commons and uses unique identifiers to link knowledge in other knowledge bases. However, Wikidata may not always have the right schema for the urgent questions. In this paper, we address this problem by showing how a data schema required for the integration can be modeled with entity schemas represented by Shape Expressions. Results As a telling example, we describe the process of aligning resources on the genomes and proteomes of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and related viruses as well as how Shape Expressions can be defined for Wikidata to model the knowledge, helping others studying the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. How this model can be used to make data between various resources interoperable is demonstrated by integrating data from NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) Taxonomy, NCBI Genes, UniProt, and WikiPathways. Based on that model, a set of automated applications or bots were written for regular updates of these sources in Wikidata and added to a platform for automatically running these updates. Conclusions Although this workflow is developed and applied in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, to demonstrate its broader applicability it was also applied to other human coronaviruses (MERS, SARS, human coronavirus NL63, human coronavirus 229E, human coronavirus HKU1, human coronavirus OC4).

scholarly journals Examining the persistence of human Coronavirus 229E on fresh produce

2021 ◽  
pp. 103780
Author(s):  
Madeleine Blondin-Brosseau ◽  
Jennifer Harlow ◽  
Tanushka Doctor ◽  
Neda Nasheri
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Human Coronavirus 229E

Effect of pH and temperature on the infectivity of human coronavirus 229E

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 972-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Lamarre ◽  
Pierre J. Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Viral Infectivity ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Virus Growth ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Influence Of Ph ◽  
Human Coronavirus 229E

The stability of human coronavirus 229E infectivity was maximum at pH 6.0 when incubated at either 4 or 33 °C. However, the influence of pH was more pronounced at 33 °C. Viral infectivity was completely lost after a 14-day incubation period at 22, 33, or 37 °C but remained relatively constant at 4 °C for the same length of time. Finally, the infectious titer did not show any significant reduction when subjected to 25 cycles of thawing and freezing. These studies will contribute to optimize virus growth and storage conditions, which will facilitate the molecular characterization of this important pathogen.Key words: coronavirus, pH, temperature, infectivity, human coronavirus.

scholarly journals Nanodroplet-Benzalkonium Chloride Formulation Demonstrates In Vitro and Ex- Vivo Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity Against SARS-CoV-2 and other Enveloped Viruses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie Pannu ◽  
Susan Ciotti ◽  
Shyamala Ganesan ◽  
George Arida ◽  
Chad Costley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Nasal Irritation

Abstract Objective: The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of aerosolized droplets inhaled into the nose in the transmission of respiratory viral disease. Inactivating pathogenic viruses at the nasal port of entry may reduce viral loads, thereby reducing infection, transmission and spread. In this communication, we demonstrate safe and broad anti-viral activity of oil-in-water nanoemulsion (nanodroplet) formulation containing the potent antiseptic 0.13% Benzalkonium Chloride (NE-BZK). Results: We have demonstrated that NE-BZK exhibits broad-spectrum, long-lasting antiviral activity with >99.9% in vitro killing of enveloped viruses including SARS-CoV-2, human coronavirus, RSV, and influenza B. In vitro and ex-vivo studies demonstrated continued killing of >99.99% of human coronavirus with diluted NE-BZK and persistent for 8 hours post application, respectively. The repeated application of NE-BZK, twice daily for 2 weeks into rabbit nostrils demonstrated its safety with no nasal irritation. These findings demonstrate that formulating BZK into the proprietary nanodroplets offers a safe and effective antiviral and a significant addition to strategies to combat the spread of respiratory viral infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Picornavirus-Like Cytopathic Effects on RD-18S Cell Lines Were Induced by Human Coronavirus 229E Not Picornaviruses

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohei Matoba ◽  
Yoko Aoki ◽  
Shizuka Tanaka ◽  
Kazue Yahagi ◽  
Tsutomu Itagaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Cytopathic Effects ◽  
Human Coronavirus 229E

scholarly journals The ORF4a protein of human coronavirus 229E functions as a viroporin that regulates viral production

2014 ◽  
Vol 1838 (4) ◽  
pp. 1088-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronghua Zhang ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Wei Lv ◽  
Wenjing Yu ◽  
Shiqi Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Production ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Human Coronavirus 229E

scholarly journals Analysis of human coronavirus 229E spike and nucleoprotein genes demonstrates genetic drift between chronologically distinct strains

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 1203-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Chibo ◽  
Chris Birch
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
S Gene ◽  
Limited Variation ◽  
Contrast Analysis ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Human Coronavirus 229E ◽  
S Genes

Historically, coronaviruses have been recognized as a cause of minor respiratory infections in humans. However, the recent identification of three novel human coronaviruses, one causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), has prompted further examination of these viruses. Previous studies of geographically and chronologically distinct Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) isolates have found only limited variation within S gene nucleotide sequences. In contrast, analysis of the S genes of contemporary Human coronavirus OC43 variants identified in Belgium revealed two distinct viruses circulating during 2003 and 2004. Here, the S and N gene sequences of 25 HCoV-229E variants identified in Victoria, Australia, between 1979 and 2004 in patients with symptomatic infections were determined. Phylogenetic analysis showed clustering of the isolates into four groups, with evidence of increasing divergence with time. Evidence of positive selection in the S gene was also established.

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