The apparatus of the Carboniferous conodont Vogelgnathus simplicatus and the early evolution of the genus

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Javier Sanz-López ◽  
Silvia Blanco-Ferrera ◽  
C. Giles Miller
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Early Evolution ◽  
Published Data ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Discrete Elements ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
The Republic

AbstractThe apparatus of Vogelgnathus simplicatus (Rhodes, Austin, and Druce, 1969) is reconstructed from discrete elements from a sample of limited diversity from the Limerick Province (Ireland). The apparatus is typical of the order Ozarkodinida and the P1 element was previously placed within Gnathodus. Here we assign it to Vogelgnathus by applying a multielemental concept rather than using P1 element morphology. The holotype and paratypes are re-illustrated and the species distribution revised based on published data. Vogelgnathus simplicatus ranges from the late Tournaisian to the early Viséan (Mississippian, Carboniferous), with common occurrences relating to the growth of Waulsortian bank complexes in a high-stand sea-level along the southern and western margins of the Laurussian landmass (Belgium, the British Isles, the Republic of Ireland, and USA). Vogelgnathus simplicatus appears to represent the rootstock from which deep-water and shallow-water Viséan species of Vogelgnathus evolved in the Mississippian.

scholarly journals The role of environment in the diversity and evolutionary turnover rates of the Foraminiferida

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 278-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.W. Starratt
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Late Paleozoic ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Extinction Event

Taxonomic databases are important tools in the study of faunal diversity and evolution. The usefulness of the inferences drawn from these databases is diminished when the role of environment is not considered. Analysis of the foraminiferal database at the genus and family levels is used to demonstrate the effect of water depth on presumed changes in taxonomic diversity and evolutionary turnover rates.This paleoenvironmental effect is particularly noticeable when foraminiferal faunas of the late Paleozoic and the Mesozoic and Cenozoic intervals are compared. The late Paleozoic fauna is dominated by the Fusulinina and shallow-water (0–200 m) Textularuna. Standing diversity fluctuates greatly, and evolutionary turnover is high. This reflects short-term fluctuations in sea level which led to the rapid formation and destruction of narrow ecological niches. Evolutionary turnover appears to be related to reef growth during this time. This trend may also reflect an increased number of k-selected specialists which serve as proxy indicators for a slow-circulating oligotrophic ocean system. Shallow-water taxa may also be predisposed to extinction due to their reliance on symbiotic algae. The extinction event at the end of the Permian resulted in the loss of almost 70% of the standing generic diversity. This included the complete loss of the Fusulinina as well as a number of shallow-water textularids. Cohort survivorship curves are steep and taxon ages short during this time.The diversity increase over the past 245 million years has largely been due to the addition of deep-water (200-10,000 m) taxa. This was particularly true during the Late Cretaceous and early Eocene, and may reflect the relatively high eustatic sea level during those intervals. The relationship between reef development and evolutionary turnover rates is less clear during this time interval. Although the extinction event that marked the end of the Cretaceous resulted in a greater loss in absolute taxonomic diversity than occurred at the end of the Permian, the relative loss in generic diversity was only about 21% due to the large number of deep-water taxa. When the entire fauna is considered, cohort survivorship curves are less steep and taxon ages are longer than in the late Paleozoic, but when only the shallow-water taxa are considered, the results are similar to those for the late Paleozoic.

scholarly journals The incidence of lung cancer in Northern Ireland: 1991–1992

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Wilkinson ◽  
Joe MacMahon ◽  
Gilbert MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
Female Data ◽  
Irish Data ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Introduction Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in many Western countries, but its incidence has never been studied in Northern Ireland. Aims Accordingly, the present study was mounted to determine, for the first time, the incidence of the condition in Northern Ireland and to compare the findings with other regions in the British Isles. Methods A notification study of the incidence of lung cancer (ICD 162) was conducted in Northern Ireland during 1991/1992. Notifications from 6 sources were computerised and linked. Incident cases were identified and analysed in relation to Age, Sex and Geographical region—Northern Ireland, England and Wales, Scotland and the Republic of Ireland. Results Some 900 incident cases of lung cancer were identified. The incidence rate per 100,000 population was found to be 57.04. Mortality underestimated incidence by 12.5%. ($$p<0.05$$ p < 0.05 ). The male to female incidence ratio was 2.1: 1, and this ratio was similar in other regions, except Scotland, where the ratio was 1.7:1. The null hypothesis of a common incidence distribution across regions was formally rejected. A variety of models were fitted and a model in which the log-odds on incidence was a quadratic function of age fitted most of the regional data. Conclusions Northern Ireland had the lowest incidence of lung cancer in the UK, but its overall rate was still 40% higher than that observed in the Republic of Ireland which had the lowest rate in the British Isles. Across regions, the pattern of incidence by age and sex was complicated, but a linear logistic model fitted all of the Irish data and the female data in Scotland, satisfactorily.

The red blenny Parablennius ruber in the British Isles, with notes on field identification characteristics and ecology

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 1309-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Goodwin ◽  
B.E. Picton
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Scuba Diving ◽  
Digital Photography ◽  
Original Description ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
Field Identification ◽  
Egg Guarding ◽  
Recent Addition ◽  
The Republic

Parablennius ruber, the red or Portuguese blenny, is reported from the British Isles. This species has recently been revalidated as separate from P. gattorugine and this, together with confusion about the field identification characteristics which distinguish the two species, is likely to have resulted in it being under-recorded. Parablennius ruber was found to be fairly widespread on the exposed west coasts of the Republic of Ireland and Scotland (22 records), with additional records from the Isles of Scilly (3 records) and Northern Ireland (1 record). One record was made of egg guarding. Most records were from exposed areas of bedrock and boulders, between 15 and 30 m in depth. Field identification characteristics which distinguish between P. ruber and P. gattorugine are given. Given that its original description was from Ushant in 1836, it is unlikely that P. ruber is a fairly recent addition to the British fauna as a result of increased water temperatures. However, given its habitat, the fairly recent advent of sampling by SCUBA diving is likely to have increased the potential for sightings. The growth of SCUBA diving and the increase in the use of underwater digital photography are likely to result in a better knowledge of its distribution.

scholarly journals Welfare Implications for Hares, Lepus timidus hibernicus, Taken from the Wild for Licensed Hare Coursing in Ireland

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Precautionary Approach ◽  
Lepus Timidus ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
Welfare Implications ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Available Information ◽  
The Impact

Hare coursing is legal in the Republic of Ireland under licenses issued to coursing clubs but is illegal in other jurisdictions in the British Isles including Northern Ireland. Supporters of coursing maintain that coursing contributes to the conservation of the hare whilst opponents claim that coursing is cruel and the welfare of the hares is compromised. However, while the contribution of coursing to conservation has been considered, the impact of coursing on hare welfare has not been investigated. This paper reviews publicly available information from licensed hare coursing clubs over four coursing seasons, including the number of hares taken from the wild, numbers coursed, and numbers pinned to the ground by dogs, killed or injured during coursing events. In total, 19,402 hares were taken from the wild—98% of which were subsequently released back to the wild at the end of the coursing season. Almost 600 hares were pinned by greyhounds during coursing events and 75 were either killed or had to be euthanized as a result of their injuries. While the number of hares killed or injured is relatively small compared to the number caught, the welfare of all captured hares will have been compromised and has not been investigated. Policy makers must fill this knowledge gap or take a precautionary approach and further regulate or indeed prohibit the capture of hares which are otherwise fully protected.

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