Genetic and non-genetic factors affecting pre-weaning survivability in kids

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Singh ◽  
H. R. Mishra ◽  
C. S. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Genetic Group ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Lower Survival Rate ◽  
Filial Generation ◽  
Group Sex

ABSTRACTThe present study was carried out on 1243 kids (379 Black Bengal; 568 Jamunapari × Black Bengal and 296 Beetal × Black Bengal) born between 1981 and 1986. Data were analysed to study the influence of genetic group, sex, season of birth, type of birth, birth weight, dam's weight at kidding, filial generation and parity of dam (as covariate) on survivability of kids during the pre-weaning period (0 to 90 days of age). The overall survival rates during 0 to 15, 16 to 30, 31 to 60, 61 to 90 and 0 to 90 days of age were 81·68 (s.e. 2·89), 95·55 (s.e. 2·00), 90·77 (s.e. 2·33), 93·31 (s.e. 2·59) and 69·94 (s.e. 3·65) % respectively. Variation in survival rates from 0 to 15 days of age was significant due to genetic group (P < 0·01), birth weight (P < 0·01), dam's weight at kidding and parity of dams as a covariate (P < 0·05). Season of birth (P < 0·05), weight of kids (P < 0·01) and dam's weight at kidding (P < 0·01) had significant effects on survival rate during 0 to 90 days of age. Sex and type of birth had no significant effect on survival rates. The interaction effects of genetic groups with season of birth and sex on pre-weaning survival rates were not significant in all ages except the effect between genetic group and sex during 31 to 60 days of age. An improvement in survival rates during the period of study was noticed with the increase in filial generation number from Fj to F3, although the difference was not significant except from 61 to 90 days of age (P < 0·05). Birth weight of kids had a positive linear relationship with survivability during the pre-weaning period. Summer-born kids had a significantly lower survival rate than those born in the winter and monsoon periods from 16 to 30, 61 to 90 and from 0 to 90 days of age. A negative linear relationship was observed between dam's weight at kidding and survival rates of kids from 0 to 90 days of age except the 25 to 30 kg dams deviate. Heritability estimates of survival rates during pre-weaning periods were not significantly different from zero, indicating that improvement by simple selection is probably limited.

Genetic and non-genetic factors affecting post-weaning survivability in goats

1991 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Singh ◽  
C. S. P. Singh ◽  
H. R. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Positive Linear Relationship ◽  
Filial Generation ◽  
Overall Survival Rates

AbstractGenetic and non-genetic factors affecting survival during the post-weaning period from 3 to 12 months of age were assessed in 823 kids (217 Black Bengal, 410 Jamunapari × Black Bengal and 196 Beetal × Black Bengal) born during 1981-86. The overall survival rates during 3 to 6 and 6 to 12 months of age were 79·22 (s.e. 4·06) and 82·02 (s.e. 5·49)% respectively. Variation in survival rate during 3 to 6 months of age was significant due to season of their birth (P < 0·01) and birth weight (P < 0·05). Survival rate during 6 to 12 months of age varied due to genetic group (P < 0·01), sex (P < 0·05) and birth weight (P < 0·05). Type of birth (litter size), dam's weight at kidding and filial generation had no significant effect on survival rate during the post-weaning period. Birth weight of kids had a positive linear relationship with their survivability during post-weaning period. Summer-born kids had significantly lower survival rates from 3 to 6 months of age compared with those born in the winter and monsoon periods. Heritability estimates for survival rates during the post-weaning period were not significantly different from zero.

Factors affecting preweaning lamb survival in continuously housed sheep

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Malik ◽  
M. A. Razzaque ◽  
M. A. T. Aali ◽  
N. M. Al-Khozam ◽  
T. A. Al-Mutawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Genetic Group ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Lamb Survival ◽  
Probable Type ◽  
Zero Grazing ◽  
Intensive System

Summary. Preweaning lamb survival for intervals of up to 8 weeks was studied in the progeny of the local fat-tailed Naeemi and imported Border Leicester × Merino ewes mated to Naeemi rams. An intensive system of management with zero grazing was used to conform to the most probable type of production system to be used in Kuwait. The effects of year and season of lambing, litter size, sex, genetic group and birth weight were determined. Lamb survival rates from birth to 1 week, from 1 to 4 weeks and from 4 to 8 weeks were 96, 99 and 97% respectively. Overall survival from birth to weaning at 8 weeks was 91%. Genetic group, litter size, sex of lamb and year of lambing had no significant effects on survival. Season was significant from birth to 1 week, from 4 to 8 weeks and from birth to 8 weeks. Lamb birth weight was the most important factor affecting lamb survival, through a quadratic relationship between weight and survival.

Factors affecting kid survival in five goat breeds

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Perez-Razo ◽  
F. Sánchez G. F. ◽  
C. Meza H.
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting

Data on 7757 kid's records (2424 Alpine, 1417 Granadina, 2225 Nubian, 1043 Saanen and 648 Toggenburg) were used to study the effect of the breed, sex, litter size, birth weight, dam age, year of birth and birth period (October–January, February, March, April–July) on kid survival rates from 0–15, 16–90 and 91–210 days of age. Survival of kids was in general highest in Granadina and lowest in Toggenburg, while values in the other breeds, tended to be intermediate. Survival in males was lower than in female kids 0–15 and 16–90 d of age (P < 0.001). Kids weighing more than 3 kg at birth had higher survival than those weighing 2 kg or less (P < 0.01). Year and period of birth (P < 0.001) affected all survival rates, and kids born from October to January always showed a higher survival rate than those born from April to July. Breed with birth period, age of dam and birth weight interactions (P < 0.05) indicated a greater sensitivity of Alpines, Saanen and Toggenburg to the above factors. Key words: Goat kids, Alpine, Granadina, Nubian, Saanen, Toggenburg, survival

scholarly journals Clinical factors affecting prognosis of limb osteosarcoma in China: a multicenter retrospective analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 030006052093085
Author(s):  
Jia Han ◽  
Yiyang Yu ◽  
Sujia Wu ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Weibin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Overall Survival Rate ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Standard Chemotherapy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis

Objective This study was performed to explore the relationship between various clinical factors and the prognosis of limb osteosarcoma. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 336 patients with limb osteosarcoma treated from June 2000 to August 2016 at 7 Chinese cancer centers. Data on the patients’ clinical condition, treatment method, complications, recurrences, metastasis, and prognosis were collected and analyzed. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression models were used to analyze the data. Results The patients comprised 204 males and 132 females ranging in age from 6 to 74 years (average, 21.1 years). The overall 3- and 5-year survival rates were 65.0% and 55.0%, respectively. The 5-year overall survival rate was 64.0% with standard chemotherapy and 45.6% with non-standard chemotherapy. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that standard chemotherapy, surgery, recurrence, and metastasis were independent factors associated with the prognosis of limb osteosarcoma. Conclusion The survival of patients with limb osteosarcoma can be significantly improved by combining standard chemotherapy and surgery. The overall survival rate can also be improved by adding methotrexate to doxorubicin–cisplatin–ifosfamide triple chemotherapy.

Breeding Australian crossbred ewes with Arabian fat-tailed rams for intensive lamb production

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
RC Malik ◽  
MA Razzaque ◽  
S Abbas ◽  
T Al-Mutawa ◽  
N Al-Khozam
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Daily Gain

The reproductive performance under intensive management of Border Leicester x Merino (BLM), Dorset x Merino (DM), and Suffolk x Merino (SM) ewes imported from Australia, and local fat-tailed Naeemi (N) ewes mated to N rams was studied. Progeny performance for birth and weaning weights, average daily gain (ADG) and preweaning survival was also evaluated. BLM ewes showed the highest reproductive performance. They produced and weaned (at 8 weeks) significantly more lambs (P<0.05) than any of the other ewe genotypes. The reproductive performance of the BLM, N, DM and SM ewes, mated twice, 8 months apart, was 127, 85, 91 and 85 respectively for percentage of lambs born to ewes joined, 109, 72, 77 and 70 respectively for percentage of lambs weaned to ewes joined, and 17.8, 13.5, 12.1 and 11.6 kg respectively of lamb weaned per ewe joined over the period of 13 months from the first joining until last lambs weaned. The effect of season on ewe reproduction was significant. Birth weight was not influenced by genotype or season but did change significantly with litter size. Genetic group, litter size, season of birth and birth weight were significant sources of variation in the ADG and weaning weight of the lamb. N x BLM lambs were weaned at significantly heavier weights than lambs of the remaining 3 groups. Season of birth and birth weight also significantly affected preweaning lamb survival. About 86% of the lambs born alive were weaned with little difference between genetic groups in survival rates.

Factors affecting abandonment and adoption of young in common eiders and other waterfowl: a comment

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1575-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannu Pöysä
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Lower Survival Rate ◽  
Investment Theory ◽  
Common Eiders ◽  
Parental Investment Theory ◽  
Brood Success ◽  
Care Period

Factors affecting abandonment and adoption of young have been studied extensively in waterfowl. Several hypotheses have been advanced to account for these behaviours, and Bustnes and Erikstad (J.O. Bustnes and K.E. Erikstad. 1991. Can. J. Zool. 69: 1538–1545) recently evaluated these in common eiders (Somateria mollissima). They found, among other things, that young of "abandoners" had a lower survival rate than young of "tenders," but were not able to accurately time the mortality of ducklings. I propose a hypothesis based on brood success and parental investment theory to explain why some parents abandon their young exceptionally early and why some parents tend their own as well as foreign young. According to the hypothesis, parents provide relatively less care for offspring that are surviving less than average during the parental care period. The low survival of the young of abandoners while they are still with their own mother may have influenced the final decision of common eider females to abandon their broods early.

scholarly journals Cancers With Bad and Good Survival Among Male Population of Northeast India

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 39s-39s
Author(s):  
M. Kalita ◽  
J.D. Sharma ◽  
N. Baishya ◽  
A.C. Kataki
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Lower Survival Rate

Background: The northeast region of India has an overall high incidence, mortality and lower survival rate of cancer in the country, an annual expected of around 40,000 were diagnosed with cancer every year in this region. Mortality rate due to cancer in northeastern India is increasing mainly because of difficulties in accessing the facilities for cancer diagnosis and treatment, socioeconomic conditions, lack of awareness, taboo, misconception and wide disparity in both diagnosis and treatment of cancers among the eight different states (regions) within northeast India. Furthermore, affordability of cancer care remains a major challenge in this part of India for effective cancer control. Aim: This study was conducted with a vision to provide an idea about the cancer survival pattern of 45 million of people living in the northeastern region of India with correlation to time at diagnosis and treatment competition status. Methods: All the cases registered with a history of cancer in between 2010-2014 calendar years. Five year observed survival was calculated based on all the followed up until 2017. Three categories were made for treatment-wise survival analysis, 1) those that have completed cancer treatment 2) those that did not completed treatment 3) those who have not taken any cancer directed treatment. The 5-year survival rates were generated by using the SPSS V19 software. Kaplan-Meier method was used to generate the statistics. Results: The five years overall survival for all cancers in men is 24.3% with earlier stage at diagnosis has a better survival (Stage I, 52.1%) than later stage (Stage IV, 18.8%) at diagnosis. Completed course of cancer directed treatment found to be playing a significant role in enhancing the survival among the patients. The five-year survival for completed cancer directed treatment is 27.5% followed by 12.5% for incomplete and 8.5% for those with no cancer directed treatment group. Inequality in survival was observed among different sites of cancer, as some cancers harm younger people more than others. The five year observed survival for all sites was ranges from 0% to 75.8%. Cancer of liver (0%), pancreas (0%), lung (2.4%), gallbladder (7.9%) and stomach (10.3%) is found as more lethal than other cancers as the five years survival was in-between the range 0%-10%. Cancer of Hodgkin lymphoma (75.8%) has the highest five year cancer survival rate followed by testis (60.1%), breast-male (55.3%), penis (49.7%) and skin cancer (49.1%). The prostate cancer (19.0%) rate is very low compared with other global parts of the world where it reaches around 100% in many countries. Advances in early detection and treatment can enhance the survival rate in these regions. Conclusion: The 5-year survival showed an increasing survival with decreasing in stage at the time of diagnosis and decreasing in number of decline treatment percentage among northeastern population.

scholarly journals Survival rate and length of stay of preterm babies less than 1500 grams in a neonatal unit in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Boma A. West
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Neonatal Unit ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
P Value ◽  
Early Onset Sepsis ◽  
Preterm Babies

Background: The survival rate and length of stay of preterm babies which is usually of concern to both parents and clinicians is critical in counselling parents at the time of admission and also assesses the efficiency of the neonatal unit thus necessitating the present study.Methods: A prospective study carried out over 30 months in the neonatal unit of Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.Results: Of 115 preterm babies <1500 gm studied, commonest gestational age and birth weight were 30 weeks 25 (21.7%) and 1000-1199 gm, 35 (30.4%) respectively. There were 100% survival rates for preterms delivered at 31 weeks, 33 weeks, 34 weeks and 36 weeks gestation; 0% survival at 25 weeks and 25% at 24 weeks and 26 weeks gestation. Survival rate was highest among birth weight 1400-1499 gm (89.2%) and lowest with birth weight <1000 gm (30.4%). Length of stay was longest with gestational age of 24 weeks (62.00±0.00 days) and birth weight <1000 gm (57.71±9.96 days) and shortest for gestational age of 35 weeks (20.00±0.00 days) and birth weights 1400-1499 gm (31.92±12.12 days). Survival status was significantly associated with gestational age and birth weight, p value <0.0001. Preterms with early onset sepsis and severe anaemia were significantly associated with length of stay, p value <0.05.Conclusions: The survival rate of preterms <1500 gm increase with increasing gestational age and birth weights while the length of stay increase with decreasing gestational age and birth weight. These findings will therefore form part of the counselling given to parents/caregivers during admission of their preterm babies.

79RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SURVIVAL RATE AND BIRTH WEIGHT IN CLONED KOREAN NATIVE CALVES

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
B.C. Yang ◽  
G.S. Im ◽  
D.H. Kim ◽  
S.K. Lee ◽  
H.S. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Bovine

Cloning of somatic cells has been investigated actively in cattle, but the cloned calves have been characterized by high birth weight and low survival rate. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationships between survival rate and birth weight in cloned and AI calves. The ear skin fibroblasts were obtained from 2- to 3-year-old Korean native cows (Hanwoo) and the cells were cultured in Dulbeccos Modified Eagles medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) at 38.5°C, 5% CO2 in air. Bovine oocytes collected from ovaries obtained from a nearby slaughterhouse were cultured in vitro and then enucleated, injected with donor cells and fused, and cultured to produce cloned embryos at the blastocyst stage. Somatic cell cloning and in vitro culture of embryos were performed by the procedures described previously (Im et al., 2001 AJAS 14, 759–764, and Im et al., 2001 AJAS 14, 1260–1266). A total of 580 cloned embryos at blastocyst stage were transferred to 293 recipient cows; 32 female calves (5.5%) were born (2 of them were born dead). Thirty-four (15 female and 19 male ) calves (57.6%) were born from 59 artificially inseminated Korean native cows as control. Fifteen of the 32 cloned calves were delivered by caesarean section. However, all the artificially inseminated cows delivered naturally. Birth weights of 30 live cloned calves averaged 31.08kg (&gt;15kg:3, 20kg:2, 25kg:2, 30kg:5, 35kg:9, 40kg:6, &lt;45kg:3), while those of female AI calves averaged 23.67kg (&gt;15kg:0, 20kg:3, 25kg:6, 30kg:6, 35kg:0, 40kg:0, &lt;45kg:0). After calving, 11 of 30 cloned calves survived for more than 365 days (birth weight of these calves averaged 28.25kg), but 19 of 30 calves died within 175 days and their average birth weight was 32.80kg (650kg). Gestation length of cows that received cloned embryos was 287 (279–295) days on average (excluding the data of calves delivered by caesarean section) and that of cows artificially inseminated was 287 (255–293) days. In conclusion, the birth weight was significantly correlated (P&lt;0.05) with survival rate of cloned calves, and survival rates of calves with extremely high or low birth weights were significantly low. However, there was no relationship between gestation length and survival rate.

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