Peningkatan Produktivitas Usaha Budidaya Ayam Kampung UKM Putra Budi Kecamatan Mojolaban Kabupaten Sukoharjo

<p><em><strong>Increasing the Productivity of Kampong Chicken in the Putra Budi SME’s Mojolaban District Sukoharjo Regency</strong></em>. Putra Budi Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) located in Bekonang Village, Mojolaban Subdistrict, Sukoharjo Regency, is a business unit owned by Mr Apri with traditional kampong chicken breeding with a capacity of 50-100 chickens/period. Mr Apri. Putra Budi SMEs is engaged in traditional village chicken farming with a capacity of 50-100 chickens/period. Mr Apri started this business 5 years ago, but the maintenance method is still simple and has not been carried out intensively so that the productivity is low. Chicken sales are carried out on a wholesale basis, causing lower prices. Providing feed that does not meet the standard needs of livestock. The main problem faced by Putra Budi SME’s lies in the management of native chicken maintenance which includes management of feed, cages, sanitation, selection of broodstock, and hatching which are carried out traditionally (extensively). This service aims to increase the business of native chicken cultivation by implementing intensive cultivation, diversifying the marketing pattern of native chickens, and being able to increase partner income. Some of the solutions offered are to provide broader knowledge about the management of domestic chicken rearing which is still extensive/traditional towards programmed intensive management. The result of this service activity is that SME’s can apply feed management by selecting feed raw materials around the location and the practice of compiling quality native chicken rations, broiler-type chicken maintenance systems that are free from dangerous diseases/viruses, increasing productivity, efficiency, and speed of return on investment, and can establish cooperation with restaurants or SMEs processing native chicken. Based on the economic analysis carried out, the maintenance of the Putra Budi village chickens with 200 chickens experienced a 5% depletion and earned a profit of IDR 1,400,000 per breeding period.</p>

Socio-economic Study of Conservation and Rehabilitation of Tropical Peatland With Agroforestry Systems in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Current studies on tropical peatlands in Indonesia are mostly focused on the impacts of management practices on the environment. Studies on efforts to conserve and rehabilitate the degradation of tropical peatland involving farmers through agroforestry systems have been limited. By employing the qualitative survey with semi-structured interviews and field observations to agroforestry locations in two villages of Tumbang Nusa and Kalampangan, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia aims to fill those research gaps. The results showed that the main motivation of farmers in starting agroforestry activities was the understanding that there would be limited trees in the future, and planting trees with a combination of intercrops provided adequate income. Agroforestry farmers who devote considerable time to agroforestry can meet the family's economic needs. Although further guidance is not typically provided, government intervention through tree planting programs also stimulates agroforestry activities. Intensive management of intercrops in various types can provide a good income. For intensive intercropping options, farmers follow market demand, while less intensive farmers prefer plants that do not require intensive management. Trees planted in agroforestry systems are only given fertilizer at the initial planting stage. Some farms receive fertilizer subsidies from government support programmes, but fertilizers are obtained from intercropping at the following stage. The study results imply that the community needs to get knowledge and training on agroforestry, which can be a way of conserving and rehabilitating tropical peatlands and a source of income.

Taxonomy and Functional Diversity in the Fecal Microbiome of Beef Cattle Reared in Brazilian Traditional and Semi-Intensive Production Systems

The importance of beef production for economy of Brazil and the growing demand for animal protein across the globe warrant an improvement in the beef production system. Although most attention has been on modulation of the rumen microbiome to improve ruminant production, the role of the lower gut microbiome in host health and nutrition remains relatively unexplored. This work aimed to investigate the taxonomy and functional variations in the fecal microbiome of Brazilian beef cattle reared in two different production systems using a metagenomic approach. Sixty male beef cattle from six farms representing semi-intensive (I, n = 2) and traditional (T, n = 4) Brazilian beef production systems were enrolled in the study. Shotgun sequencing was used to characterize taxonomic and functional composition and diversity of the microbiome in fecal samples collected from each animal. Fecal samples were analyzed for copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) and stable isotopes of carbon (13C) and nitrogen (15N). The fecal microbiome was influenced by the beef production systems with greater functional and lower taxonomic diversity in beef cattle feces from I systems compared with that from T systems. The concentration of N, P, and Zn was higher in beef cattle feces from I systems compared with that from T systems and was associated with taxonomic and functional profile of fecal microbiome in I system, suggesting the role of fecal nutrients in shaping system-specific microbiome. Semi-intensive management practices led to a more complex but less connected fecal microbiome in beef cattle. The microbial community in beef cattle feces from I systems was characterized by greater abundance of beneficial bacteria (phylum Firmicutes and butyrate-producing bacteria family Lachnospiraceae and genera Anaerostipes, Blautia, Butyrivibrio, Eubacterium, Roseburia, and Ruminococcus). In addition, the fecal abundance of microbial genes related to immune system, nutrient metabolism, and energy production was greater in beef cattle raised under I systems compared with that under T systems. Findings of the current study suggest that semi-intensive management practices could facilitate the development of a healthier and more efficient fecal microbiome in beef cattle by driving an increase in the abundance of beneficial bacteria and functional genes.

Meat yield characteristics of different upgraded dwarf chicken under intensive management condition

The study was conducted with attempts to determine the effects of autosomal dwarf (adw) gene introgression from Indigenous dwarf chicken (IDC) to White Leghorn (WLH) and Fayoumi (Fay) on growth and meat yield characteristics. Experiment was carried out at the Poultry Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh for a period of 28 months from March 2013 to June 2015 under intensive management condition. In this study, the di-allele crossing between WLH, Fay and IDC produced 4 up-graded chickens viz. IDC♂ × WLH♀, WLH♂ × IDC♀, IDC♂ × Fay♀ and Fay♂ × IDC♀. The up-graded F1 generations were mated intersex to access their productivity. The up-graded F1 generations were mated intersex to access their productivity. Pre-slaughter live weight of birds significantly (P<0.001) varied by genotype, sex and genotype × sex interaction. Percentage of thigh meat, drumstick meat, dark and total meat weights was significantly influenced by genotype. Although meat yield parameters of male birds in relation to live weight were found higher than their female birds, some parameters like breast meat, liver, giblet and total meat yield were found higher in female birds than that of male birds of all genotypes. However, meat yield parameters like percentage of thigh, drumstick and total meat yield were the highest in IDC♂ × Fay♀ and Fay♂ × IDC♀ and the lowest in IDC♂ × WLH♀. From the above findings, Fayoumi mediated dwarf genotypes showed better meat yield characteristics than Leghorn mediated dwarf genotypes.

GERMINATION OF PORANG (Amorphophalus muelleri) FROM DIFFERENT BULBIL TO VARIOUS PLANTING MEDIA

Porang plant is atubers that havevarious benefits. Porang cultivation needs intensive management through cultivation efforts which of course must be supported by the availability of seeds. Therefore, it is necessary to procure porang seeds from vegetative (tubers) and generative (stem bulbil and branch bulbil). This study aims to obtain the best growing media for porang germination from various types of bulbil. The method used in this study was a factorial randomized block design. The way of working in this research is: Preparation of Seedling Media, Preparation of planting material (Bulbil), Seeding, Maintenance (including watering and weeding). The results showed that there was no significant interaction between the planting medium and the type of bulbil, the media had no significant effect on all observed variables, while the bulbil had a significant effect on the percentage of germination growth, stem height, and number of leaves. The best type of bulbil for breeding is stem bulbil which is superior to the variables of plumule emergence time, petiole length, stem height, and number of leaves compared to branch bulbil. Meanwhile, the best growing media in porang nurseries was a mixture of 50% husk charcoal + 50% sawdust on the variables when the plumule appeared, the percentage of germination, petiole length and stem height. The appearance of bulbil from stems on a mixture of 50% husk charcoal + 50% sawdust media, namely the time of emergence of plumules (5.61 days), percentage of sprouting (86.67%), petiole length (8.72 cm), height stems (31.11 cm) and number of leaves (7.72 strands).

Baseline predictors of remission, pain and fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis: the TITRATE trial

Background Clinical trials show intensive treatment to induce remission is effective in patients with highly active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The TITRATE trial showed that the benefits of intensive treatment also extend to moderately active RA. However, many patients failed to achieve remission or show improvements in pain and fatigue. We investigated whether baseline predictors could identify treatment non-responders. Methods The impact of obesity, depression, anxiety and illness perception on RA outcomes, including disease activity, remission, pain and fatigue were determined using a pre-planned secondary analysis of the TITRATE trial data. Results Body mass index was associated with disease activity levels and remission: obese patients had a higher overall disease activity and fewer obese patients achieved remission. Intensive management was not associated with increased remission in these patients. Obesity was also associated with increased overall pain and fatigue. Anxiety, depression and health perceptions had no discernible impact on disease activity but were associated with high levels of pain and fatigue. There was a strong association between anxiety and high pain scores; and between depression and high fatigue scores; and health perception was strongly related to both. None of the predictors had an important impact on pain and fatigue reduction in cross-sectional analysis. Conclusions Disease activity is higher in obese patients and they have fewer remissions over 12 months. Anxiety, depression and health perceptions were associated with higher pain and fatigue scores. Intensive management strategies need to account for these baseline features as they impact significantly on clinical and psychological outcomes. Trial registration ISRCTN 70160382; date registered 16 January 2014

Endocrine-metabolic Adaptations in Dorper Ewes: Comparison Between Single and Twin Pregnancies During Gestation, Delivery, and Postpartum

The present study involved a blood glucose, hormonal profile, and insulin resistance evaluation in sheep from conception until 48 h postpartum. A total of 60 healthy Dorper ewes, raised under semi-intensive management were included in the study. Two experimental groups were applied: G1, single pregnancy (n = 30) and G2, twin pregnancy (n = 30). The experimental time points were immediately after fixed-time artificial insemination; at 30 d, 90 d, 120 d, 130 d, and 140 d of pregnancy; on the delivery day (DD); and at 24 h (PD1) and 48 h (PD2) postpartum. Blood samples were taken to analyse glucose, insulin, glucagon, cortisol, thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) levels. All parameters showed significant differences over the analysed sample times; however, only cortisol showed differences within groups, with the G1 having higher values than the G2 group. The interaction of the groups in the nine sample times showed a significant result (P = 0.001) only for glucagon. The number of foetuses directly interfered with the glucagon profile throughout gestation and insulin concentration postpartum. The glucose, cortisol, insulin, glucagon, and HOMA IR concentrations increased at DD and decreased at PD1 and PD2. T3 and T4 levels increased at DD. Despite the changes found in the endocrine system and metabolism in Dorper ewes throughout pregnancy, the nutritional management ensured a healthy status during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum.