scholarly journals Effect of prebiotic supplementation on a probiotic bacteria mixture: comparison between a rat model and clinical trials

2007 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 826-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsti Tiihonen ◽  
Tarja Suomalainen ◽  
Soile Tynkkynen ◽  
Nina Rautonen
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Human Study ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects ◽  
Treatment Responses

The effects of a probiotic mixture (PRO), supplemented with either galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) or polydextrose (PDX), on cell numbers of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria (BIF) were studied in conventional rats and healthy human subjects. In rats the baseline BIF cell numbers were below the detection limit and were increased by the 2-week GOSPRO intervention. In contrast baseline LAB numbers in rats were high and not affected by the treatments. The human study consisted of two independent but concurrent trials; both started with PRO followed by GOSPRO or PDXPRO periods. In the human subjects variation in numbers of BIF and LAB were high. The GOSPRO group exhibited high counts of faecal LAB and BIF at the start and showed little or no effects of the interventions. In contrast, the PDX group had low faecal LAB and BIF numbers at the start and clearly increased cell numbers of BIF after the PDXPRO period, and LAB after the PRO and PDXPRO period, compared with the run-in period. We propose here that responses to pro- and prebiotics are dependent on baseline numbers of LAB and/or BIF, and that the conventional rat model does not predict well the treatment responses in humans. The survival of PRO was presumably enhanced by the use of prebiotic supplementation and advocates the use of particular combinations of pro- and prebiotics.

Chronic stress decreases circulating endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol in healthy human subjects

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buqing Yi ◽  
Igor Nichiporuk ◽  
Matthias Feuerecker ◽  
Gustav Schelling ◽  
Alexander Chouker
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects

scholarly journals Acacia Gum Is Well Tolerated While Increasing Satiety and Lowering Peak Blood Glucose Response in Healthy Human Subjects

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 618
Author(s):  
Riley Larson ◽  
Courtney Nelson ◽  
Renee Korczak ◽  
Holly Willis ◽  
Jennifer Erickson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Soluble Fiber ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Blood Glucose Response ◽  
Acacia Gum ◽  
Fiber Treatment ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects

Acacia gum (AG) is a non-viscous soluble fiber that is easily incorporated into beverages and foods. To determine its physiological effects in healthy human subjects, we fed 0, 20, and 40 g of acacia gum in orange juice along with a bagel and cream cheese after a 12 h fast and compared satiety, glycemic response, gastrointestinal tolerance, and food intake among treatments. Subjects (n = 48) reported less hunger and greater fullness at 15 min (p = 0.019 and 0.003, respectively) and 240 min (p = 0.036 and 0.05, respectively) after breakfast with the 40 g fiber treatment. They also reported being more satisfied at 15 min (p = 0.011) and less hungry with the 40 g fiber treatment at 30 min (p = 0.012). Subjects reported more bloating, flatulence, and GI rumbling on the 40 g fiber treatment compared to control, although values for GI tolerance were all low with AG treatment. No significant differences were found in area under the curve (AUC) or change from baseline for blood glucose response, although actual blood glucose with 20 g fiber at 30 min was significantly less than control. Individuals varied greatly in their postprandial glucose response to all treatments. AG improves satiety response and may lower peak glucose response at certain timepoints, and it is well tolerated in healthy human subjects. AG can be added to beverages and foods in doses that can help meet fiber recommendations.

Diaphragmatic Fatigue after Exercise in Healthy Human Subjects

1993 ◽  
Vol 148 (6_pt_1) ◽  
pp. 1571-1575 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jeffery Mador ◽  
Ulysses J. Magalang ◽  
Angel Rodis ◽  
Thomas J. Kufel
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects ◽  
Diaphragmatic Fatigue
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