The distribution and accumulation of fucoxanthin and its metabolites after oral administration in mice

The pharmacokinetics of dietary fucoxanthin, one of the xanthophylls in brown sea algae, is little understood. In the present study, mice were orally administered fucoxanthin, and the distribution and accumulation of fucoxanthin and its metabolites fucoxanthinol and amarouciaxanthin A were measured in the plasma, erythrocytes, liver, lung, kidney, heart, spleen and adipose tissue. In a single oral administration of 160 nmol fucoxanthin, fucoxanthinol and amarouciaxanthin A were detectable in all specimens tested in the present study, but fucoxanthin was not. The time at maximum concentration (Tmax) of these metabolites in adipose tissue was 24 h, while the Tmax in the others was 4 h. The area under the curve to infinity (AUC∞) of fucoxanthinol in the liver was the highest value (4680 nmol/g × h) among the tissues tested in the present study, while the AUC∞ of amarouciaxanthin A in adipose tissue was the highest value (4630 nmol/g × h). In daily oral administration of 160 nmol fucoxanthin for 1 week, fucoxanthin was also detectable in the tissues even at a low concentration. The amount of fucoxanthinol was 123 nmol/g in the heart and 85·2 nmol/g in the liver. Amarouciaxanthin A in the adipose tissue was distributed at a concentration of 97·5 nmol/g. These results demonstrate that dietary fucoxanthin accumulates in the heart and liver as fucoxanthinol and in adipose tissue as amarouciaxanthin A.

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Effect Of Aspirin On The Production Of PGI2 By Various Blood Vessels And Mda By Platelets

10.1055/s-0038-1652097 ◽

1981 ◽

Author(s):

M Takada ◽

H Tsukada ◽

H Tanaka ◽

H Gonmori ◽

N Kobayashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Oral Administration ◽

Vessel Wall ◽

Initial Level ◽

Femoral Vein ◽

The Other ◽

Differential Inhibition ◽

Caval Vein ◽

Single Oral Administration ◽

Daily Oral Administration

This study was desinged to determine whether the differential inhibition of prostacyclin(PGI2) production by vessel wall and malondialdehyde(MDA) production by platelet might be possible by oral administration of aspirin(ASA). Rabbits weghing 2-3kg were used. MDA production by platelet was measured by the Stuart’s method with minor modification. The PGI2 production by vessel wall was assessed by the Moncada’s method with minor modification.The PGI2 production by caval vein, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein,femoral artery, femoral vein and coronary artery was 148±55%, 136±56%, 153±55%, 134±56%, 123±64%, 103±55% to that of aorta, respectively. The PGI2 production by these vessels was inhibited to 20-40% to their initial level 6h after the single oral administration of 0.3g ASA, and restored to the initial level by 24h, while the MDA production was inhibited more conspicuously and remained at less than 50% of the initial level even 48h.The effect of daily oral administration of ASA on production of PGI2 by aorta and MDA by platelet was investigated. PGI2 production was suppressed to about 10% of the initial level 24h after the last dose of 3 to 7 daily administration of 0,3g of ASA. This indicates that the daily ASA administration results in the cummulative inhibition of PGI2 production. On the other hand, when administered every other day, the same amount of ASA exerted significantly less inhibition of PGI2 production, being at about 50% of initial level 24h after the last dose. MDA production was nearly completely inhibited over the observation periods.These results suggests that the differential inhibition of vascular PGI2 production and platelet aggregation may be possible by the administration of ASA at an appropriate amount and proper interval.

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Residues of Phosvel in plasma and in adipose tissue of hens after single oral administration

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/0041-008x(78)90116-3 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 541-547 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Nobuhiro Konno ◽

Hideo Kinebuchi

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Oral Administration ◽

Single Oral Administration

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Pharmacokinetics of fucoxanthinol in human plasma after the oral administration of kombu extract

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114511004879 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 107 (11) ◽

pp. 1566-1569 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Takashi Hashimoto ◽

Yoshiaki Ozaki ◽

Masashi Mizuno ◽

Masaru Yoshida ◽

Yosuke Nishitani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Administration ◽

Human Plasma ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Maximum Concentration ◽

Active Metabolite ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

The Other ◽

Half Time ◽

Human Volunteers

Dietary fucoxanthin has been reported to exert several physiological functions, and fucoxanthinol is considered to be the primary active metabolite of fucoxanthin. However, there is no information about the pharmacokinetics of fucoxanthinol in human subjects. In the present study, eighteen human volunteers were orally administered kombu extract containing 31 mg fucoxanthin, and their peripheral blood was collected 5 min before and 0·5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h after the treatment. Plasma fucoxanthinol concentrations were measured by HPLC, and the pharmacokinetics of fucoxanthinol were as follows: maximum concentration, 44·2 nmol/l; time at maximum concentration, 4 h; terminal half-time, 7·0 h; area under the curve (AUC) for 1–24 h, 578·7 nmol/l × h; AUC(∞), 663·7 nmol/l × h. In addition to fucoxanthinol, we also attempted to detect amarouciaxanthin A, a hepatic metabolite of fucoxanthinol, using HPLC, but it was not present in the volunteers' plasma. On the other hand, a peak that was suspected to represent the cis-isomer of fucoxanthinol was found in the HPLC chromatogram. By comparing the present results with those of a previous study using mice, we found that the bioavailability and metabolism of fucoxanthinol differ between human subjects and mice.

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Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered Prednisolone in Alpacas

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.745890 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Ricardo Videla ◽

Carla Sommardahl ◽

Joe Smith ◽

Deanna M. W. Schaefer ◽

Sherry Cox

Keyword(s):

Oral Administration ◽

Half Life ◽

Maximum Concentration ◽

Healthy Adult ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽

Elimination Half Life ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Elimination Half ◽

Intravenous And Oral Administration

This study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone following intravenous and oral administration in healthy adult alpacas. Healthy adult alpacas were given prednisolone (IV, n = 4), as well as orally (PO, n = 6). Prednisolone was administered IV once (1 mg/kg). Oral administration was once daily for 5 days (2 mg/kg). Each treatment was separated by a minimum 4 month washout period. Samples were collected at 0 (pre-administration), 0.083, 0.167, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after IV administration, and at 0 (pre-administration), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 after the first and 5th PO administration. Samples were also taken for serial complete blood count and biochemistry analysis. Prednisolone concentration was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography. Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were then determined. After IV administration clearance was 347 mL/kg/hr, elimination half-life was 2.98 h, and area under the curve was 2,940 h*ng/mL. After initial and fifth oral administration elimination half-life was 5.27 and 5.39 h; maximum concentration was 74 and 68 ng/mL; time to maximum concentration was 2.67 and 2.33 h; and area under the curve was 713 and 660 hr*ng/mL. Oral bioavailability was determined to be 13.7%. Packed cell volume, hemoglobin, and red blood cell counts were significantly decreased 5 days after the first PO administration, and serum glucose was significantly elevated 5 days after the first PO administration. In conclusion, serum concentrations of prednisolone after IV and PO administration appear to be similar to other veterinary species. Future research will be needed to determine the pharmacodynamics of prednisolone in alpacas.

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