scholarly journals Life history of Aptesis nigrocincta (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) a cocoon parasitoid of the apple sawfly, Hoplocampa testudinea (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Babendreier
Keyword(s):  
Small Difference ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Lifetime Fecundity ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Organically Managed ◽  
Hoplocampa Testudinea ◽  
Host Development

Aptesis nigrocincta Gravenhorst is a bivoltine ectoparasitoid of apple sawfly cocoons, hosts that must be found and parasitized by females at a depth of 10–25 cm in the soil. Females are significantly smaller than males and nearly wingless. After encountering a host, females needed 29.3 min at 20°C and 19.9 min at 25°C to deposit an egg on the host. Development from egg to adult took 39.6 days for females and 38.0 days for males at 20°C. This small difference was significant. At 20°C, the longevity of females that had no opportunity to oviposit was on average 72.5 days, significantly higher than male longevity (50.6 days). The longevity of females given access to hosts throughout their lifetime averaged 58.6 days. Females were able to mate immediately after emergence and copulation lasted on average 21.7 s. After a pre-oviposition period averaging 5.8 days, females laid 20.2 eggs during their lifetime, thus less than one egg per day. Neither the fecundity nor longevity of individual females was correlated with body size. If females were deprived of food, longevity as well as lifetime fecundity were drastically reduced. Field studies were carried out in one organically managed apple orchard in Switzerland. Aptesis nigrocincta showed parasitism rates ranging from 12.1 to 39.7 % within single parasitoid generations, thereby constituting the most important mortality factor of apple sawfly cocoons.

Some Remarks on the History of the Field Studies in the Komi Ethnography

Elore ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitri Nesanelis ◽  
Nadezhda Slepchina
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Finding one's way: contemporary churches of Ryazan in the works of priest Konstantin Kamyshanov

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 330-352
Author(s):  
Marina V. Knyazeva ◽  
Anastasia V. Korobova
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Church Architecture ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Photographic Recording ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Church Building ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fact Finding ◽  
Material Information ◽  
Church Buildings

Introduction. The research goal is to identify and analyze the architectural features of the orthodox church buildings, designed and built in Ryazan since the early 2000ies. A number of objectives are to be accomplished to achieve this pre-set goal: one must identify and study the church buildings constructed in Ryazan, analyze the space-planning solutions and break them down into typological groups; besides, one should study the biography of their architect, as his professional track record influences the city’s historical and architectural appearance. This research is focused on contemporary church architecture exemplified by orthodox church buildings. Materials and methods. Field studies serve as the backbone of this research which encompasses fact finding and photographic recording of the source material, information analysis and generalization, tabulation, making conclusions and formulating the opinion. Results. The co-authors have analyzed the problems of contemporary church architecture and made a brief analysis of the history of orthodox church building in Ryazan. The overview encompasses 12 orthodox church buildings constructed in 2000–2014, as well as the key facts and dates associated with their construction. The co-authors have also identified compositional and other unique features of the new church buildings. They have outlined the milestones in the creative biography of the architect who designed these items of contemporary church architecture. Conclusions. The research findings comprise a scholarly insight into contemporary church architecture. The analysis of new church buildings has helped to identify the features, peculiarities and architectural techniques, applied by the architect. The features, identified by the co-authors, define the appearance/typology of contemporary church buildings and their constructions.

Additive negative effects of Philornis nest parasitism on small and declining Neotropical bird populations

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 339-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIANA BULGARELLA ◽  
MARTÍN A. QUIROGA ◽  
GEORGE E. HEIMPEL
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Nest Parasitism ◽  
Bird Populations

SummaryThe declining-population paradigm holds that small populations are particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic influences such as habitat destruction, pollution and species introductions. While the effects of particular stressors, such as parasitism, may be unimportant in a large, healthy population, they can be serious and even devastating in situations characterised by a restricted geographic range, or by fragmented or reduced population sizes. We apply this idea to nest parasitism of threatened Neotropical bird species that exist in small populations, focusing on dipteran nest parasites in the genusPhilornis. We review the literature onPhilornisparasitism exerting negative pressure on bird populations that have become small and isolated due to human actions and present a new case ofPhilornisparasitism of a threatened hummingbird species. Our aim is to raise awareness about the exacerbating effect that nest parasites can have on small and declining bird populations; especially when biological information is scarce. The five reviewed cases involve two species of Darwin’s Finches in the Galápagos Islands attacked by the invasiveP. downsi, two species of hawks on islands in the Caribbean attacked by the nativeP. piciandP. obscura, and the Yellow CardinalGubernatrix cristatain southern South America attacked by an unknownPhilornisspecies. We also present new documentation of parasitism of a threatened hummingbird species in mainland Ecuador by an unidentifiedPhilornisspecies. We recommend more field studies to determine the presence of nest parasites in bird populations worldwide to improve understanding how nest parasites affect bird fitness and population viability and to allow time to act in advance if needed. Parasitism byPhilornismay represent a severe mortality factor in most already threatened bird species, putting them at greater risk of extinction. Therefore, parasitism management should be included in all threatened species recovery plans.

The Ecology and Management of Wood in World Rivers

2003 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
General Framework ◽  
River System ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
River Networks ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
History Of ◽  
World Rivers ◽  
Trapping Sites

<em>Abstract.</em>—A landscape perspective of wood in world rivers accounts for spatial and temporal patterns of sources of wood from streamside forests, processes of wood delivery to channels, transport of wood through river networks, and trapping sites of wood. Amounts of wood in a river system also depend on productivity of forests in source areas and decomposition rates. Collectively, these factors determine the amount and arrangement of individual pieces and accumulations of wood through a river network, which, in turn, affect ecological, geomorphic, social, and other features of rivers. Research to date deals with subsets of these components of wood in rivers, but there has been limited development of a general framework for wood in river networks. This chapter considers a framework for examining the arrangement of wood in river landscapes and how it may reflect the history of spatial patterns and timing of wood input and redistribution. Field studies provide examples of different spatial patterns and architectures of wood accumulations. Wood accumulations are shaped by input processes, trapping sites, and transport processes. Reaches in river networks may switch from wood patterns dominated by one set of controls to another because of gradual or abrupt input and redistribution. A framework for future studies and management includes interpretation of these different controls through time and over river networks.

A History of Cognitive Engineering Research at Risø (1962–1979)

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim J. Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cognitive Engineering ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
The Future ◽  
Power Plant Control ◽  
History Of

Following the theme for this year's conference, this paper contributes to ongoing discussions defining the future of cognitive engineering research by examining a part of its past. The history of one particular line of research, that of the Electronics Department at Risø National Laboratory, is reviewed. A number of important studies, conducted between 1962 and 1979, are briefly described. Among these are operational experience acquired from the introduction of a prototype digital console in a nuclear research reactor, two field studies of professional operators conducting representative tasks in representative settings (electronic trouble-shooting and conventional power plant control), and analyses of over 645 human error reports in the nuclear and aviation industries. Some of the themes characterizing the Risø research program in cognitive engineering are briefly summarized. These themes help define what cognitive engineering is, and what it might be concerned with in the future.

scholarly journals Normal torque of the buccal surface of mandibular teeth and its relationship with bracket positioning: a study in normal occlusion

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Antonio Mestriner ◽  
Carla Enoki ◽  
José Nelson Mucha
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Small Difference ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Vertical Shift ◽  
Mandibular Tooth ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mandibular Teeth ◽  
Bracket Positioning ◽  
Mandibular Incisors

This study evaluated the degree of buccolingual inclination of mandibular tooth crowns relative to torque. For such purpose, mandibular and maxillary stone casts from 31 Caucasian Brazilian adults with normal occlusion, pleasant facial aspect and no history of previous orthodontic treatment were examined. A custom device was developed for measuring the degree of inclination (torque) of bracket slots of orthodontic appliances relative to the occlusion plane, at three bonding height: standard (center of clinical crown), occlusal (0.5 mm occlusally from standard) and cervical (0.5 mm cervically from standard). Except for the mandibular incisors, which presented a small difference in torque from one another (lingual root torque for central incisors and buccal root torque for lateral incisors), the remaining average values are close to those found in the literature. Due to the convexity of the buccal surface, the 1-mm vertical shift of the brackets from occlusal to cervical affected the values corresponding to the normal torque, in approximately 2 degrees in central and lateral incisors, 3 degrees in canines and 8 degrees in premolars and molars.

Chloroacetamide Herbicides and Chlorimuron Do Not Predispose Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) to Stem Rot (Sclerotium rolfsii)1

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Carroll Johnson ◽  
Timothy B. Brenneman ◽  
Benjamin G. Mullinix
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
History Of

Abstract Field studies were conducted from 1991 through 1993 at Plains, GA to determine the effect of chloroacetamide herbicides and chlorimuron on incidence of stem rot in peanut. The experimental site had a cropping history of more than 25 yr in continuous plantings of peanut and extremely high incidence of stem rot. Incidence of stem rot and peanut yield were not affected (P≤0.05) by chloroacetamide herbicides in 1991, 1992, and 1993. Chlorimuron applied 60 d after emergence had no effect on stem rot incidence or peanut yield. Paired plots treated with thifluzamide had very low stem rot incidence and 27% greater peanut yields. Based on these studies, neither chloroacetamide herbicides nor chlorimuron predisposed peanut to stem rot.

Addition of R-33865 to EPTC for Extended Herbicide Activity

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Obrigawitch ◽  
Fred W. Roeth ◽  
Alex R. Martin ◽  
Robert G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Accelerated Degradation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Herbicide Activity

Laboratory and field studies were conducted to examine the influence of R-33865 (O, O-diethyl-O-phenol phosphorothioate) on the degradation rate of EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) in three soils that had a history of repeated EPTC application and exhibited accelerated degradation of EPTC. In field studies, addition of R-33865 to EPTC extended EPTC persistence in soil and provided increased shattercane [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] control. In two soils that exhibited rapid EPTC degradation, addition of R-33865 to EPTC extended the half-life of EPTC from 9 to 18 days and from 6 to 15 days, respectively. Evolution of14CO2from14C-carbonyl EPTC-treated soils with a prior history of EPTC treatment was significantly reduced when R-33865 was added; however, the initial lag period of EPTC degradation was not restored. Addition of R-33865 to EPTC on soils with no prior EPTC treatment did not extend persistence of EPTC in soil.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document