MORPHOLOGY OF THE FIRST MANDIBULAR TOOTH MICROTUS GREGALIS (RODENTIA, ARVICOLINAE) FROM THE MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE OF THE PRE-ALTAI PLAIN

In this paper morphological structure of the first lower molar m1 tooth of the narrow-skulled vole from alluvial deposits of the Pre-Altai Plain Middle Neo-Pleistocene is described. Morphological study of the vole remains showed that they belong to the modern species Microtus gregalis. At the same time, the study sample showed significant differences, both in morphological structure and in the size of the first lower molar, in comparison with the recent representatives of the same territory. The set of morphological and morphometric data shows that the studied voles occupy an intermediate position between M. gregaloides of the Early and M. gregalis of the Late Neo-Pleistocene. The ratio of m1 morphotypes also showed the relative primitiveness of the M. gregalis sampling. Morphological study of remains of the narrow-skulled vole from the Solonovka, Petropavlovskoe and Malinovka-4 locations confirmed the previously determined age for sediments containing the remains of microtheriofauna.

A Rare Case Report of Ectopic Tooth in Submandibular Salivary Gland’s Duct

This case report highlights mandibular tooth in an ectopic position in the floor of the mouth, associated with submandibular salivary gland, which was completely obliterating the Wharton duct. Very few such cases have been reported in the literatures. Since ectopic tooth may lead to pain, discomfort sensation upon mastication, and even infection (sialadenitis), its diagnosis and treatment is essential.

TOOTH SUPPORTED OVERDENTURE: AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO MANAGE THE OVERCONTOURING AND ENCROACHMENT OF INTER-OCCLUSAL DISTANCE IN A CONVENTIONAL TOOTH SUPPORTED OVER DENTURE PROSTHESIS.

The prosthetic rehabilitation of partially edentulous arch by an artificial substitute is always a challenge for the Prosthodontists. There is always a problem of retention, stability and support of the artificial prosthesis. It is most difficult to satisfy the patients who have high retentive demands especially in the Mandibular removal partial denture prosthesis. This paper presents a case where in few remaining natural teeth of the patient was used to enhance the retention, stability and support of the mandibular tooth supported overdenture prosthesis. The over-denture tends to be bulkier and overcontoured encroachment of inter-occlusal distance is another disadvantage. The concept of overdentures works by means for delaying the process of complete endentulism and helps in the preservation of bone. And above all, it gives the patient the satisfaction of having prosthesis with his natural teeth still present. In this article, case reports with an innovative approach to manage the overcontouring and encroaching of inter-occlusal distance which is generally encountered in a conventional tooth supported over denture. Keywords: Over Denture, Natural teeth, Residual Alveolar Ridge, Primary coping, Secondary coping, Dental Ceramics.

Ferrodraco lentoni gen. et sp. nov., a new ornithocheirid pterosaur from the Winton Formation (Cenomanian–lower Turonian) of Queensland, Australia

The Australian pterosaur record is poor by world standards, comprising fewer than 20 fragmentary specimens. Herein, we describe the new genus and species Ferrodraco lentoni gen. et sp. nov., based on the most complete pterosaur specimen ever found in Australia, and the first reported from the Winton Formation (Cenomanian–lower Turonian). The presence of premaxillary and mandibular crests, and spike-shaped teeth with subcircular bases, enable Ferrodraco to be referred to Anhangueria. Ferrodraco can be distinguished from all other anhanguerian pterosaurs based on two dental characters: the first premaxillary and mandibular tooth pairs are small; and the fourth–seventh tooth pairs are smaller than the third and eighth ones. Ferrodraco was included in a phylogenetic analysis of Pterosauria and resolved as the sister taxon to Mythunga camara (upper Albian Toolebuc Formation, Australia), with that clade occupying the most derived position within Ornithocheiridae. Ornithocheirus simus (Albian Cambridge Greensand, England), Coloborhynchus clavirostris (Valanginian Hastings Sands, England), and Tropeognathus mesembrinus (upper Aptian–lower Albian Romualdo Formation, Brazil) were resolved as successive sister taxa, which suggests that ornithocheirids were cosmopolitan during the Albian–Cenomanian. Furthermore, the stratigraphic age of Ferrodraco lentoni (Cenomanian–lower Turonian) implies that anhanguerians might have survived later in Australia than elsewhere.

Permanent tooth eruption based on chronological age and gender in 6-12-year old children on Madura

Background: Tooth eruption, the movement of teeth toward the oral cavity clinically marked by the emergence of the cusp or incisal edge, is very important in determining the chronological age of a child. Unfortunately, tooth eruption in 6-12-year olds on the island of Madura has yet to be investigated. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze differences in permanent tooth eruption between boys and girls aged 6 to 12 years old on Madura. Methods: This study employed an observational analytic design in combination with a cross-sectional approach. The samples used in this study were selected by means of simple random sampling technique. Post-selection informed consent of the child subjects was obtained with their chronological age being assessed and determined prior to tooth eruption. The normality of the data was subsequently analyzed by application of a one sample non-parametric Kolmogorov Smirnov test. Thereafter, repeated Anova tests were conducted to determine differences in the permanent tooth eruption of the subjects. Results: Based on the normality test results, the significance value of the permanent maxillary teeth in the male subjects was 0.993, while that of their permanent mandibular teeth was 0.695. In contrast, the significance value of the permanent maxillary teeth in the female subjects was 0.970, while that of their permanent mandibular teeth was 0.918. According to the results of the repeated measure ANOVA test, differences existed in the eruption of the permanent maxillary and mandibular teeth between the males and females with a significance value (ρ) of 0.020. The mean value of permanent mandibular tooth eruption in the females was 56.59 ± SD 33.403, while that of their permanent maxillary tooth eruption was 50.77 ± SD 34.201. The mean value of the permanent mandibular tooth eruption in the males was 55.31 ± 33.024, while that of their permanent maxillary tooth eruption was 48.77 ± SD 34.201. Conclusion: On Madura, the permanent teeth of chronological 6-12-year old females, particularly their permanent mandibular canine teeth, erupt earlier than those of their male counterparts.

A Customized Semi- Precision Bar Attachment for Tooth Supported Overdenture: A Case Report

Various precision attachment systems are available for tooth supported overdenture treatment modality. The objective of all the systems is to provide retention and support for the overdenture. Retention of a mandibular denture can be achieved by natural tooth-retained with bar and stud attachment in anterior region. A simple and cost effective treatment for a more complex implant overdenture is the concept of conventional tooth-retained overdentures. The present clinical report describes a patient treated with customized hader bar with coffee straw in mandibular tooth-borne overdenture.

Review of the genus Eridolius Förster from the Oriental Region (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Tryphoninae)

The Oriental species of the genus Eridolius Förster, 1869 are reviewed, and a new species, E. xui Reshchikov, sp. nov. is described from Southern China. This is the seventh record of the genus from the Oriental region. The new species can be distinguished from all other Oriental species of the genus by its lower mandibular tooth longer than upper one, face entirely black, and coxae, hind femur and most of metasoma reddish. An illustrated key to the Oriental species of the genus is provided. Eridolius guptai is recorded for the first time from Lao and E. niger is recorded for the first time from Arunachal Pradesh (India).