scholarly journals Bionomics of Mussidia nigrivenella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on three host plants

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sétamou ◽  
F. Schulthess ◽  
N.A. Bosque-Pérez ◽  
H-M. Poehling ◽  
C. Borgemeister
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Mussidia Nigrivenella

AbstractLife table studies of Mussidia nigrivenella Ragonot, a pest of maize in Benin, showed that host plant species had a significant effect on larval survival and developmental time. The maximum percentage of larvae surviving was recorded on jackbean, Canavalia ensiformis (36%) and lowest on maize (18%). Mean developmental time for larvae was longest on maize (19.8 days) and shortest on jackbean (17.2 days). The number of eggs laid was highest for females from larvae fed on jackbean (x– = 176), followed by velvetbean, Mucuna pruriens(x– = 143), and lowest for females where larvae had fed on maize (x–= 127). Longevity of ovipositing females was higher on jackbean (5.4 days) than of those from any other host plants. According to the growth index and life table statistics, jackbean was the most suitable host plant, followed by velvetbean, and maize, the least suitable. Thus, jackbeans should be recommended for use in mass rearing programmes of M.nigrivenella, e.g. as a host for parasitoids in future biological control programmes. Because of the high suitability of jack- and velvetbeans for M.nigrivenella, planting of these increasingly important cover crops should be timed in such a manner that the emergence of female moths from mature pods does not coincide with maize plants in a suitable developmental stage for oviposition and development of young M. nigrivenella larvae.

PERFORMANCE OF TRIRHABDA VIRGATA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) ON THREE POTENTIAL HOSTS

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Blatt ◽  
A.M. Schindel ◽  
R. Harmsen
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Plant Fecundity ◽  
Adult Fitness ◽  
Neonate Larvae ◽  
Trirhabda Virgata

AbstractThe suitability of three potential host plants, Solidago canadensis L. var. canadensis (Asteraceae), Solidago graminifolia (L.) Salisb., and Aster lateriflorus L. (Asteraceae), for the goldenrod beetle, Trirhabda virgata LeConte was determined by measuring several fitness components during the T. virgata life cycle. Neonate larvae were collected from S. canadensis plants and transplanted onto S. canadensis, S. graminifolia, and A. lateriflorus and maintained in field enclosures until the last instar was reached. Once brought into the laboratory, larvae were fed their assigned host plant until pupation. Following emergence, adults were weighed and separated into mating pairs to record oviposition and longevity. Eggs were kept in the laboratory until the following spring, when first instar larvae were taken into the field and re-established on their assigned host, and the experiment was repeated for 2 years. Larval survival and rate of development was not affected by the host plant. Mean weight of adults at emergence was greater on S. canadensis than on either S. graminifolia or A. lateriflorus. Two components of adult fitness, postmating longevity and realized fecundity, were measured. Longevity of adult female T. virgata was not affected by the host plant. Fecundity of T. virgata reared on A. lateriflorus and S. graminifolia was lower than the fecundity of females reared on S. canadensis. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that both intrinsic plant quality and the mobility of the foraging stage are important in the evolution of host range in T. virgata. These experiments were repeated over a 3-year period, using offspring from the survivors of the previous year for the 2nd and 3rd years. Over this time, individuals experienced "laboratory adaptation," and both accepted and increased their performance on previously unacceptable food plants.

Influence of the host plant of the cassava mealybugPhenacoccus manihoti(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on biological characteristics of its parasitoidApoanagyrus lopezi(Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Souissi ◽  
B. Le Rü
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Phenacoccus Manihoti ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Female Progeny ◽  
Encapsulation Rate ◽  
Adult Parasitoid ◽  
Rate Of Emergence ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThe influence of the host plant of the cassava mealybug,Phenacoccus manihotiMatile Ferrero on the encyrtid parasitoidApoanagyrus lopeziDe Santis was studied in the laboratory. Four different host plants were used: two cultivars of cassava,Manihot esculenta(Euphorbiaceae), cv. Incoza and cv. MM79; Faux caoutchouc, a hybrid ofM. esculenta × M glaziovii;and talinumTalinum triangularae(Portulacaceae), a common weed in cassava fields. Plants were selected for different levels of antibiotic resistance toP. manihoti. Mealybug mortality due to host feeding by the adult parasitoid and the percentage of mealybugs parasitized were significantly lower when mealybugs were reared on theManihotcultivars and hybrid than when reared on talinum. However, the encapsulation rate was significantly lower inP. manihotireared on talinum. The highest percentage parasitism and the lowest rate of emergence were recorded on cv. Incoza, the most resistantManihotcultivar. The sex ratio did not vary significantly with the host plant used. The total developmental time and size of male and female progeny ofA. lopezidiffered significantly betweenP. manihotireared on different host plants. AmongManihotplants, parasitoid size was positively correlated with development time and negatively with plant resistance. Results suggest that the parasitoid,A. lopezi, might perform better if cassava cultivars were selected for their strong antixenosis but low antibiotic characteristics.

scholarly journals Effect of Host Plants on Developmental Time and Life Table Parameters of Carposina sasakii (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae) Under Laboratory Conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xihong Lei ◽  
Dingxu Li ◽  
Zheng Li ◽  
Frank G. Zalom ◽  
Lingwang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Life Table Parameters ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Carposina Sasakii

scholarly journals Natural enemies of the maize cob borer, Mussidia nigrivenella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Benin, West Africa

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sétamou ◽  
F. Schulthess ◽  
G. Goergen ◽  
H.-M. Poehling ◽  
C. Borgemeister
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Mussidia Nigrivenella ◽  
Pupal Parasitoid ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Pupal Parasitoids ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

AbstractMussidia nigrivenella Ragonot is a pest of maize cobs in West Africa. It significantly reduces maize yields and grain quality, with quantitative losses of 2–25% at harvest, and up to 10–15% indirect losses due to an increase in storage pest infestation levels. Infestation by M. nigrivenella also significantly increased the susceptibility of maize to Aspergillus flavus infection and subsequent aflatoxin contamination. Surveys conducted in different agro-ecological zones of Benin on cultivated and wild host plants during 1994–1997 revealed one egg parasitoid, three larval parasitoids and one pupal parasitoid attacking M. nigrivenella. Egg parasitism was scarce on all host plants sampled and in all four agro-ecological zones. Parasitism by larval and pupal parasitoids was usually less than 10%, and varied with host plant species. Both larval and pupal parasitoids were rare or absent in cultivated maize fields. The solitary chalcidid pupal parasitoid, Antrocephalus crassipes Masi, was the predominant species, contributing approximately 53% of the observed mortality. Logistic regression analysis indicated that this parasitoid was more prevalent on fruits of Gardenia spp. (Rubiaceae) than on the other host plant species including maize used by M. nigrivenella, and was most abundant between February and September. The differences in parasitoid diversity and parasitism between Benin and other regions suggest that there are opportunities for biological control through introduction of exotic parasitoids or using the ‘new association’ approach, which uses natural enemies of closely related host species that occupy similar ecological niches to the target pest.

scholarly journals A Rearing Method forArgynnis (Speyeria) diana(Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) That Avoids Larval Diapause

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie N. Wells ◽  
Lindsey Edwards ◽  
Russell Hawkins ◽  
Lindsey Smith ◽  
David Tonkyn
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Larval Diapause ◽  
Southern Appalachian ◽  
First Instar ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Imperiled Species

We describe a rearing protocol that allowed us to raise the threatened butterfly,Argynnis diana(Nymphalidae), while bypassing the first instar overwintering diapause. We compared the survival of offspring reared under this protocol from field-collectedA. dianafemales from North Carolina, Georgia, and Tennessee. Larvae were reared in the lab on three phylogenetically distinct species of Southern Appalachian violets (Viola sororia, V. pubescens, andV. pedata). We assessed larval survival inA. dianato the last instar, pupation, and adulthood. Males reared in captivity emerged significantly earlier than females. An ANOVA revealed no evidence of host plant preference byA. dianatoward three native violet species. We suggest that restoration ofA. dianahabitat which promotes a wide array of larval and adult host plants, is urgently needed to conserve this imperiled species into the future.

scholarly journals Egg laying behaviour, host plants and larval survival of Euphydryas aurinia provincialis (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae) in a Mediterranean population (central Italy)

2016 ◽  
pp. 121-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Pinzari ◽  
Mario Pinzari ◽  
Valerio Sbordoni
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Mediterranean Population ◽  
Euphydryas Aurinia

In this paper, we show the results of research that can inform conservation measures elsewhere in Europe for the endangered butterfly Euphydryas aurinia. A five year field study was undertaken to identify the host plant preference of larvae of Euphydryas aurinia provincialis in the Mediterranean and which signals are used by females to lay their eggs. The females oviposit on Gentiana cruciata, Scabiosa columbaria and Cephalaria leucantha; the larvae feed on all these plants and additionally on Lonicera caprifoliumin the wild and on Gentiana lutea in the laboratory. The females do not show any preference for a specific host plant and the larvae move from one species of plant to another without any difficulty. The most important factors in determining the female oviposition are the visibility, accessibility and sun-exposure of the host plants. The vegetative state of host plants is the key factor in larval use of plants during the pre- and post-diapause period. The large-sized host plants, G. cruciata and C. leucantha, are optimal for the growth and survival of the pre-diapause I-III larval instar, while they are unavailable to the larvae in Spring because of their delayed vegetative growth. The post-diapause larvae preferentially feed on plants of S. columbaria, and to lesser degree L. caprifolium, as they provide and abundant food source compared with G. cruciata and C. leucantha. The results also suggest that, there is an evolutionary advantage in large numbers of caterpillars feeding together, with the females of E. aurinia provincialis preferring to lay their eggs nearby or above egg batches laid previously by another female, and selecting large plants for oviposition. Despite the competition for food among caterpillars, the oviposition behaviour of females is advantageous and increases the larval survival rate on large plants. The gregarious larval behaviour provides several benefits during both pre-diapause period (avoiding starvation) and post-diapause period (efficiency in thermoregulation).

FOOD PLANT STUDIES FOR THE HALF-WING GEOMETER, PHIGALIA TITEA (CRAMER) (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Butler
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Food Plant ◽  
Made In

AbstractDuring 1983, collections and observations of the half-wing geometer, Phigalia titea (Cramer), were made in 2 counties of eastern West Virginia where the species had caused heavy defoliation of hardwoods in the previous 2 years. Larvae were observed on 41 species of host plants in the field. Host–plant evaluations for 69 species were made in the laboratory with 1st-instar larvae. According to criteria of response/developmental time of larvae, 33 plants were categorized as highly acceptable, 12 as acceptable, 20 as unacceptable, and 4 as toxic.

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