Effects of Planting Density on Water Use and Productivity of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum Typhoides) Grown on Stored Water. I. Growth of Roots and Shoots

SUMMARYPearl millet was grown on stored water at Niamey, Niger, using three row spacings. Water extraction based on neutron probe readings was compared with crop transpiration using a porometer and allied measurements. Between 23 and 52 days after sowing, plants at the narrow and medium spacings used about 77 and 100 mm of water, respectively, and those at the wide spacing used between 59 and 75 mm. Estimates of seasonal crop evaporation from leaf resistances and from the green leaf area index (GLAI) of the crops were 103, 130 and 123 mm for the narrow, medium and wide spacings, respectively. The water use per unit of dry weight produced was similar for both narrow and medium spacings but water was used more efficiently in the wide spacing. Dry weight increased in proportion to intercepted radiation with the same efficiency (1·3 g MJ−1) irrespective of spacing.

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Control of Water Use by Pearl Millet (Pennisetum typhoides)

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700003252 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 135-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. R. Squire ◽

P. J. Gregory ◽

J. L. Monteith ◽

M. B. Russell ◽

Piara Singh

Keyword(s):

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Pearl Millet ◽

Water Use ◽

Transpiration Rate ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Pennisetum Typhoides ◽

Matter Production

SUMMARYAt Hyderabad, India, stands of pearl millet were grown after the monsoon (a) with no irrigation after establishment and (b) with irrigation as needed to avoid stress. Increases of dry matter and leaf area were determined by regular harvesting. The interception of radiation by the foliage, uptake of water from the soil and stomatal conductance were monitored. Before anthesis at 42 days after sowing (DAS), the rate of dry matter production and the transpiration rate in the unirrigated stand were about 80% of the corresponding rates for the irrigated control, mainly because of a smaller stomatal conductance from 30 DAS. After anthesis, the unirrigated stand grew little and used only 10% of the water transpired by the control. This large difference was partitioned between loss of leaf area and smaller stomatal conductance in the ratio of approximately 2:1. Radiation intercepted by foliage in the irrigated stand produced 2.0 g of dry matter per MJ compared with 2.5 g MJ−1 for the same variety growing in the monsoon, a difference consistent with a smaller stomatal conductance in drier air.

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Control of Water Use by Pearl Millet (Pennisetum typhoides)

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700000971 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 135-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

G. R. Squire ◽

P. J. Gregory ◽

J. L. Monteith ◽

M. B. Russell ◽

Piara Singh

Keyword(s):

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Pearl Millet ◽

Water Use ◽

Transpiration Rate ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Pennisetum Typhoides ◽

Matter Production

SUMMARYAt Hyderabad, India, stands of pearl millet were grown after the monsoon (a) with no irrigation after establishment and (b) with irrigation as needed to avoid stress. Increases of dry matter and leaf area were determined by regular harvesting. The interception of radiation by the foliage, uptake of water from the soil and stomatal conductance were monitored. Before anthesis at 42 days after sowing (DAS), the rate of dry matter production and the transpiration rate in the unirrigated stand were about 80% of the corresponding rates for the irrigated control, mainly because of a smaller stomatal conductance from 30 DAS. After anthesis, the unirrigated stand grew little and used only 10% of the water transpired by the control. This large difference was partitioned between loss of leaf area and smaller stomatal conductance in the ratio of approximately 2:1. Radiation intercepted by foliage in the irrigated stand produced 2.0 g of dry matter per MJ compared with 2.5 g MJ−1 for the same variety growing in the monsoon, a difference consistent with a smaller stomatal conductance in drier air.

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The growth of the lucerne plant after cutting: I. The effects of cutting at different stages of maturity and at different intensities

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9680517 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 517 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

GJ Leach

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Extension Growth ◽

Grazing Management ◽

Shoot Number ◽

Shoot Size ◽

Shoot Growth Rate ◽

Main Effects ◽

Pasture Plants

Variation in shoot number, shoot size, and yield of dry matter occurring in the regrowth from lucerne plants cut at different stages of maturity and at different intensities is reported. The main effects of the treatments arose through variation in shoot number and changes in the time at which each shoot commenced extension growth; a linear regression utilizing this information about the population of shoots accounted for nearly all the variation in yield. Less severe, or later, cutting resulted in greater yields of dry matter in a 4 week period of regrowth. Changes in shoot number and shoot size both contributed to the variation in the yield of regrowth. Shoot size was mainly determined by the time at which the shoot resumed extension growth, and once such growth was resumed the shoot growth rate was apparently independent of the cutting treatment applied. The results are discussed in relation to currently held concepts on the role of "reserves" and of residual leaf area in promoting the regrowth of pasture plants. The development of lucerne adapted to grazing management is also considered.

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Planting density and nitrogen management effects on productivity, quality and water-use-efficiency of Indian mustard under conservation agriculture based pearl millet –mustard system

Journal of Agriculture and Ecology ◽

10.53911/jae.2020.10206 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (02) ◽

pp. 69-75

Author(s):

MS Shirzad ◽

RS Bana ◽

SD Bamboriya

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Pearl Millet ◽

Water Use ◽

Indian Mustard ◽

Conservation Agriculture ◽

Nitrogen Management ◽

Planting Density ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Management Effects

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Adaptation of pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides) to coastal New South Wales. 1. Preliminary evaluation

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9730685 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 13 (65) ◽

pp. 685 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R Ferraris ◽

MJT Norman ◽

AC Andrews

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Pearl Millet ◽

Dry Matter ◽

New South ◽

New South Wales ◽

Performance Criteria ◽

Forage Crop ◽

Pennisetum Typhoides ◽

South Wales ◽

Commercial Cultivars

The adaptation of pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides) as a summer forage crop to coastal New South Wales was assessed at Camden (latitude 34�S). Spaced plants of 20 strains, including openpollinated and hybrid types, commercial cultivars and advanced breeding lines, were grown in a time of planting-time of harvest experiment. Only data from the five commercial cultivars are presented. The growth pattern and productivity of three of these cultivars were measured in a second experiment at normal plant spacing. In experiment 1, with planting dates from November 23 to February 14, all cultivars showed a reduction in time to early flowering with later planting. Two maturity groups were recognised: mid-season (cultivars Tamworth, Yates Hybrid and Mx 001) and late-season (Ingrid Pearl and Katherine Pearl). The late cultivars did not differ in yielding ability from the mid-season cultivars, but had fewer tillers, higher leaf content and slightly higher protein content in both experiments. In experiment 1, later planting reduced dry matter yield and tiller number. Relative growth rate in the early reproductive phase of later types, but not that of midseason types, was positively related to length of day. In experiment 2, sown January 25 in 0.5 m rows, Katherine Pearl, Ingrid Pearl and Tamworth all yielded approximately 12,000 kg ha-1 dry matter at 12 weeks from sowing. A maximum growth rate of 37.9 g m - 2 day-1, representing 8.1 per cent utilisation of visible radiation, was achieved with Tamworth between six and eight weeks from sowing. From these preliminary experiments it was concluded that pearl millet satisfied basic performance criteria and justified further study as a potential forage crop for the region.

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The role of silicon in forages: A quantitative X-Ray study

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100126871 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 416-417

Author(s):

Janet H. Woodward ◽

D. E. Akin

Keyword(s):

Sodium Acetate ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Acetate Buffer ◽

Plant Tissues ◽

Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽

X Ray ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Percent Composition

Silicon (Si) is distributed throughout plant tissues, but its role in forages has not been clarified. Although Si has been suggested as an antiquality factor which limits the digestibility of structural carbohydrates, other research indicates that its presence in plants does not affect digestibility. We employed x-ray microanalysis to evaluate Si as an antiquality factor at specific sites of two cultivars of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactvlon (L.) Pers.). “Coastal” and “Tifton-78” were chosen for this study because previous work in our lab has shown that, although these two grasses are similar ultrastructurally, they differ in in vitro dry matter digestibility and in percent composition of Si.Two millimeter leaf sections of Tifton-7 8 (Tift-7 8) and Coastal (CBG) were incubated for 72 hr in 2.5% (w/v) cellulase in 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0. For controls, sections were incubated in the sodium acetate buffer or were not treated.

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