The influence of use systems on the productivity of shrubephemeral desert pastures and the preservation of herbage

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of developing a scientifically based organization and use of distant pastures in the south of Kazakhstan. It has been found that the composition and diversity of pasture grasses have significant effect on the forage value of the grass stand and ultimately affect the forage capacity of desert pastures. Grazing of farm animals should be carried out with an optimal load on pastures, that is, no more than 70% of the productivity of the pasture mass should be exploited. Due to the better preservation of various types of forage plants and pasture herbage in general with systematic use, the yield of pastures in the summer season was 6.15 c/ha, in other words it was higher by almost 1.0 c/ha of dry forage mass compared to unsystematic grazing (5.20 c/ha). All pasture plants exploited in early spring produced aftermath in 10–15 days and were well preserved from overexploitation and trampling.

Types and composition of diseases and pests of restructured forest and pasture plants in the dry part of the Aral Sea

Studies on the dried bottom of the Aral Sea have shown that dominant disease from 3 species of them in Haloxylon plant is Podosphaera leucotricha and the dominant species from 34 species of pests is Big Dwarf Haloxylon Locust (D. albidula) and Small Haloxylon Locust (D. annulata roseipen). Chemical and biological control measures were taken against this disease and pests. When using anti-inflammatory drugs Redomil gold, Dnox, Fundazol and Sporagin, their effectiveness is as follows: Redomil gold - 68% sp (2.0–2.5 kg / ha), Fundazol -50% ke (2.0 l / ha), Dnox - 40% ke (2.0 l / ha) and Sporagin (4.0, l / ha) were tested using fungicides in the norms. Of the drugs used in the experimental variant, Redomil gold, 68% s.p. (2.0-2.5 kg / ha) was the highest biological efficacy against powdery mildew in the variant in which the fungicides were applied, was 91.3%.

Case Report: Synucleinopathy Associated With Phalaris Neurotoxicity in Sheep

Chronic intoxication with tryptamine-alkaloid-rich Phalaris species (spp.) pasture plants is known colloquially as Phalaris staggers syndrome, a widely occurring neurological disorder of sheep, cattle, horses, and kangaroos. Of comparative interest, structurally analogous tryptamine-alkaloids cause experimental parkinsonism in primates. This study aimed to investigate the neuropathological changes associated with spontaneous cases of Phalaris staggers in sheep with respect to those encountered in human synucleinopathy. In sheep affected with Phalaris staggers, histological, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescence analysis revealed significant accumulation of neuromelanin and aggregated α-synuclein in the perikaryon of neurons in the cerebral cortex, thalamus, brainstem, and spinal cord. Neuronal intracytoplasmic Lewy bodies inclusions were not observed in these cases of ovine Phalaris staggers. These important findings established a clear link between synucleinopathy and the neurologic form of Phalaris plant poisoning in sheep, demonstrated in six of six affected sheep. Synucleinopathy is a feature of a number of progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorders of man and may be a common endpoint of such disorders, which in a variety of ways perturb neuronal function. However, whether primary to the degenerative process or a consequence of it awaits clarification in an appropriate model system.

Phytochemical study of pasture plants in Northern Mongolia

The article presents the results of a qualitative and quantitative determination of toxic and bitter substances in 8 species of plants of Northern Mongolia that are not eaten by cattle. Significant amounts of alkaloids were found in 6 species, tannins in 2 species.