Effects of Soil Moisture Stress on Two Varieties of Upland Cotton in Israel. III. The Bet-She'an Valley

1971 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Marani ◽  
A. Amirav
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Upland Cotton ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Lint Yield ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
High Yields

SUMMARYThe effects of moisture stress during various stages of the development of two varieties of upland cotton (Acala 4–42 and Deltapine Smoothleaf) were studied in two irrigation experiments in the Bet-She'an valley, where summer temperatures were high and evapotranspiration in the fully irrigated treatments was up to 8–10 mm./day in July and August. Optimum time for first irrigation in the Bet-She'an valley was two or three weeks before flowering and six or seven irrigations, if timed to prevent moisture stress, were sufficient to give high yields and good lint quality. Lint yield ranged from 270 kg./ha. in non-irrigated to 2000 kg./ha. in the fully irrigated treatments in 1966.

Effects of Soil Moisture Stress on Two Varieties of Upland Cotton in Israel II. The Northern Negev Region

1971 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Shimshi ◽  
A. Marani
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Upland Cotton ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Stomatal Aperture ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
One Year

SUMMARYThe effects of moisture stress at various stages of development were studied on two varieties of cotton in the arid Negev region of Israel. Experiments over two years indicated that the stage at which moisture stress occurred determined its effect: when at the beginning of flowering, yield was considerably reduced; at the peak of flowering there was a less pronounced effect; and when stress occurred during boll development it had an effect in only one year, when reserves of moisture in the deep soil layers were low. Lint yield ranged from 380 kg./ha. without irrigation to 2150 kg./ha. with five irrigations. Effects on lint length and lint strength were also studied. Two physiological indices, stomatal aperture and refractive index of leaf sap, were used to determine the onset of moisture stress.

Effects of Soil Moisture Stress on Two Varieties of Upland Cotton in Israel I. The Coastal Plain Region

1971 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Marani ◽  
A. Amirav
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Upland Cotton ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Plain Region ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Seed Index ◽  
High Yields

SUMMARYEffects of moisture stress during different stages of cotton development were examined in two experiments when temperatures were mild and evapotranspiration less than 6 mm./day. Two varieties of upland cotton, Acala 4–42 and Deltapine Smoothleaf, were affected similarly. Moisture stress at the beginning of flowering reduced growth rate and the numbers of flowers and bolls. During the second half of the flowering period it reduced the percentage of boll retention, boll number, boll weight, seed index, lint index and lint length. Stress during boll development had similar effects and caused earlier maturity. Lint yield was reduced significantly by moisture stress during each of the periods but tensile strength of lint was not affected. Three irrigations, if properly timed so that no appreciable moisture stress occurred, were sufficient for high yields and good quality of lint, and the first could be postponed until after flowering began without any loss in yield.

scholarly journals Improved understanding of drought controls on seasonal variation in Mediterranean forest canopy CO<sub>2</sub> and water fluxes through combined in situ measurements and ecosystem modelling

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1423-1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Keenan ◽  
R. García ◽  
A. D. Friend ◽  
S. Zaehle ◽  
C. Gracia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystems ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Dynamic Global Vegetation Model ◽  
Forest Growth Model

Abstract. Water stress is a defining characteristic of Mediterranean ecosystems, and is likely to become more severe in the coming decades. Simulation models are key tools for making predictions, but our current understanding of how soil moisture controls ecosystem functioning is not sufficient to adequately constrain parameterisations. Canopy-scale flux data from four forest ecosystems with Mediterranean-type climates were used in order to analyse the physiological controls on carbon and water flues through the year. Significant non-stomatal limitations on photosynthesis were detected, along with lesser changes in the conductance-assimilation relationship. New model parameterisations were derived and implemented in two contrasting modelling approaches. The effectiveness of two models, one a dynamic global vegetation model ("ORCHIDEE"), and the other a forest growth model particularly developed for Mediterranean simulations ("GOTILWA+"), was assessed and modelled canopy responses to seasonal changes in soil moisture were analysed in comparison with in situ flux measurements. In contrast to commonly held assumptions, we find that changing the ratio of conductance to assimilation under natural, seasonally-developing, soil moisture stress is not sufficient to reproduce forest canopy CO2 and water fluxes. However, accurate predictions of both CO2 and water fluxes under all soil moisture levels encountered in the field are obtained if photosynthetic capacity is assumed to vary with soil moisture. This new parameterisation has important consequences for simulated responses of carbon and water fluxes to seasonal soil moisture stress, and should greatly improve our ability to anticipate future impacts of climate changes on the functioning of ecosystems in Mediterranean-type climates.

scholarly journals Erratum: Effect of soil moisture stress from flowering to grain maturity on functional properties of Sri Lankan rice flour

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 392-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Gunaratne ◽  
Upul Kumari Ratnayaka ◽  
Nihal Sirisena ◽  
Jennet Ratnayaka ◽  
Xiangli Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress
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