Embryonic bone growth in lines of mice selected for large and small body size

SUMMARYEmbryonic tibia growth was measured in large, small and control mouse embryos in situ and in organ culture. In situ tibias of the large line were longer than controls which were longer than tibias of the small line. Relative growth was approximately equal among lines. In culture tibias of the small line grew more than controls and as much as or more than tibias of the large line. Embryonic genotype appears to be more important in regulating tibia growth than uterine environment. Humoral differences among lines may influence tibia growth.

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The effect of replicated selection for body weight in mice on vertebral shape

Genetics Research ◽

10.1017/s0016672300024149 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 129-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

D. R. Johnson ◽

P. O'Higgins ◽

T. J. McAndrew

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Body Size ◽

Fourier Analysis ◽

Shape Change ◽

Small Body ◽

Small Body Size ◽

Selection For ◽

Main Component ◽

Vertebral Shape ◽

And Control

SummaryThe shapes of T1 and T2 vertebrae from unselected Q strain mice and from strains selected for large and small body size were studied by Fourier analysis in order to ascertain whether shape change was produced by size selection. The vertebrae of large, small and control strains were easily distinguishable, but between replicate groups shape differences were less marked. The main component of shape change was size related, but mice unselected for size also showed a non-size-related shape change.

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Developing Biosensors for Monitoring Orthopedic Tissue Growth

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-0950-d15-04 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 950 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sirinrath Sirivisoot ◽

Chang Yao ◽

Xingcheng Xiao ◽

Brian W. Sheldon ◽

Thomas J. Webster

Keyword(s):

Biodegradable Polymer ◽

Bone Growth ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

Deposition Process ◽

Tissue Growth ◽

Calcium Deposition ◽

Bone Regrowth ◽

And Control

ABSTRACTThe objective of this in vitro present study was to create a biosensor which can monitor in situ orthopedic tissue growth juxtaposed to a newly implanted orthopedic material. This biosensor has unique properties including the ability to sense, detect, and control bone regrowth. Such a biosensor is useful not only in regenerating tissue necessary for orthopedic implant success, but also to aid in informing an orthopedic surgeon whether sufficient new bone growth occurred. If the sensor determines that insufficient new bone growth occurred, the sensor can also act in an intelligent manner to release bone growth factors to increase bone formation. The primary biomaterial in this biosensor is anodized Ti, developed by chemical etching and passivation treatments. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), because of their electrical and mechanical properties, are essential to consider when designing such biosensors since they will be used to apply and measure conductivity changes as new bone grows next to the implant. For this, parallel multiwall CNTs were grown from the pores of the anodized Ti by a chemical vapor deposition process. Lastly, these sensors will be composed of a conductive, biodegradable, polymer layer that degrades when bone grows and, consequently, undergoes a change in conductivity that can be measured by the CNTs grown out of the anodized Ti. This conductive, biodegradable polymer consists of polypyrrole (which is conductive) and poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (which is biodegradable). Preliminaryin vitroresults suggest that osteoblast functions (specifically alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition) on CNTs grown on anodized Ti are significantly enhanced when compared to anodized Ti and currently-used Ti; thus, it is anticipated that bone growth could be enhanced on these novel biomaterial sensors.

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A computer-control program for TEM in situ fatigue experiments

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100155074 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 620-621

Author(s):

Kenneth S. Vecchio ◽

John A. Hunt

Keyword(s):

Slow Crack Growth ◽

Computer Control ◽

Control Program ◽

Video Tape ◽

Computer Control System ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

In Situ Experiments ◽

Tremendous Amount ◽

And Control

In-situ experiments conducted within a transmission electron microscope provide the operator a unique opportunity to directly observe microstructural phenomena, such as phase transformations and dislocation-precipitate interactions, “as they happen”. However, in-situ experiments usually require a tremendous amount of experimental preparation beforehand, as well as, during the actual experiment. In most cases the researcher must operate and control several pieces of equipment simultaneously. For example, in in-situ deformation experiments, the researcher may have to not only operate the TEM, but also control the straining holder and possibly some recording system such as a video tape machine. When it comes to in-situ fatigue deformation, the experiments became even more complicated with having to control numerous loading cycles while following the slow crack growth. In this paper we will describe a new method for conducting in-situ fatigue experiments using a camputer-controlled tensile straining holder.The tensile straining holder used with computer-control system was manufactured by Philips for the Philips 300 series microscopes. It was necessary to modify the specimen stage area of this holder to work in the Philips 400 series microscopes because the distance between the optic axis and holder airlock is different than in the Philips 300 series microscopes. However, the program and interfacing can easily be modified to work with any goniometer type straining holder which uses a penrmanent magnet motor.

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THE EARLIEST-KNOWN MUSTELID IN NORTH AMERICA AND THE CONVERGENT EVOLUTION OF SMALL BODY SIZE IN MUSTELIDAE

10.1130/abs/2017am-306194 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Ryan Paterson ◽

◽

Joshua X. Samuels ◽

Natalia Rybczynski

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

North America ◽

Convergent Evolution ◽

Small Body ◽

Small Body Size

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A new species of Liolaemus (Reptilia: Iguanidae) from San Guillermo National Park, western Argentina

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.1361.1.3 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 1361 (1) ◽

pp. 33 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

JULIO C. MONGUILLOT ◽

MARIO R. CABRERA ◽

JUAN C. ACOSTA ◽

JOSE VILLAVICENCIO

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

National Park ◽

Small Body ◽

Species Group ◽

Posterior Surface ◽

Small Body Size ◽

Long Tail ◽

Sparse Vegetation ◽

Dorsal Pattern ◽

A New Species

A new species of Iguanidae Liolaemini lizard from the San Guillermo National Park in western Argentina, is described. The new species is a member of the Liolaemus darwinii complex within the monophyletic boulengeri species group. It is distinguished by its small body size, relatively long tail, low number of scales around midbody, dorsal scales moderately keeled, precloacal pores only in male, bulged patch of enlarged scales on the proximal posterior surface of the thigh in both sexes, dorsal pattern lacking of light vertebral or dorsolateral stripes, antehumeral fold without black pigment in female but greyish in male, a prescapular dark dot dorsal to antehumeral fold in both sexes, and postscapular spot absent. The new species is terrestrial, living in habitats with gravel and sandy soil in an Andean Monte landscape with sparse vegetation, above 2270 meters of altitude.

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The Importance of Interphases in Energy Storage Devices: Methods and Strategies to Investigate and Control Interfacial Processes

Physchem ◽

10.3390/physchem1010003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 26-44

Author(s):

Chiara Ferrara ◽

Riccardo Ruffo ◽

Piercarlo Mustarelli

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Solid Electrolyte Interphase ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Lithium Metal ◽

Energy Storage Devices ◽

Storage Devices ◽

Lithium Metal Batteries ◽

And Control ◽

Near Future

Extended interphases are playing an increasingly important role in electrochemical energy storage devices and, in particular, in lithium-ion and lithium metal batteries. With this in mind we initially address the differences between the concepts of interface and interphase. After that, we discuss in detail the mechanisms of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation in Li-ion batteries. Then, we analyze the methods for interphase characterization, with emphasis put on in-situ and operando approaches. Finally, we look at the near future by addressing the issues underlying the lithium metal/electrolyte interface, and the emerging role played by the cathode electrolyte interphase when high voltage materials are employed.

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The Leptobrachium (Anura: Megophryidae) of the Langbian Plateau, southern Vietnam, with description of a new species

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2804.1.3 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2804 (1) ◽

pp. 25 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

BRYAN L. STUART ◽

JODI J. L. ROWLEY ◽

DAO THI ANH TRAN ◽

DUONG THI THUY LE ◽

HUY DUC HOANG

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

New Species ◽

Small Body ◽

Original Description ◽

The Other ◽

Sexually Active ◽

Small Body Size ◽

Upper Lip ◽

Southern Vietnam ◽

A New Species

We sampled two forms of Leptobrachium in syntopy at the type locality of L. pullum at upper elevations on the Langbian Plateau, southern Vietnam. The two forms differed in morphology (primarily in coloration), mitochondrial DNA, and male advertisement calls. One form closely agrees with the type series of L. pullum (but not to its original description due to error), and the other is described as new. Leptobrachium leucops sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by having small body size (males with SVL 38.8–45.2), the upper one-third to one-half of iris white, a blue scleral arc, a dark venter, and sexually active males without spines on the upper lip. Leptobrachium pullum and L. mouhoti, a recently described species from low-elevation slopes of the Langbian Plateau in eastern Cambodia, are morphologically divergent but genetically similar, warranting further investigation into geographic variation in the red-eyed Leptobrachium of southern Indochina.

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