scholarly journals An SD (Segregation Distribution) – MR (Male Recombination) chromosome isolated from a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster

1984 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-158
Author(s):  
Gábor Bencze ◽  
Barton E. Slatko
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Segregation Distortion ◽  
Reciprocal Cross ◽  
Centromeric Region ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
Recombination Activity ◽  
Male Recombination ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

SUMMARYA second chromosome line of Drosophila melanogaster (S-90), isolated from a northern California natural population, is able to induce (1) an increased frequency of X-chromosome visible mutations, (2) male recombination activity subject to reciprocal cross suppression, and (3) strong meiotic drive from heterozygous males. Based upon several lines of evidence (including the response to suppressor chromosomes of both systems) we conclude that S-90 contains both SD (Segregation Distortion) and MR (P or I) chromosome activity. The two systems appear to behave independently and simultaneously, and a small centromeric region of the S-90 chromosome appears to contain the major genetic elements of both systems.

scholarly journals Examination of a mutable system affecting the components of the segregation distorter meiotic drive system of Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-76
Author(s):  
K G Golic
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Transposable Element ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Segregation Distortion ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
Drive System ◽  
Partial Loss ◽  
Segregation Distorter ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Segregation distortion in Drosophila melanogaster is the result of an interaction between the genetic elements Sd, a Rsp sensitive to Sd, and an array of modifiers, that results in the death of sperm carrying Rsp. A stock (designated M-5; cn bw) has been constructed which has the property of inducing the partial loss of sensitivity from previously sensitive cn bw chromosomes, the partial loss of distorting ability from SD chromosomes, and a concomitant acquisition of modifiers on the X chromosome and possibly also on the autosomes. By several criteria the changes exhibited under the influence of M-5; cn bw are characteristic of the transposable-element systems which produce hybrid dysgenesis. In the first place, the magnitude of these effects depends on the nature of the crosses performed. The analogy is further strengthened by the observation that the changes induced by M-5; cn bw share other stigmata of Drosophila transposable-element systems, including high sterility among the progeny of outcrosses, and the production of chromosomal rearrangements. The possible relationship of this system to the P, I and hobo transposable element systems is discussed, as well as its bearing on aspects of the Segregation Distorter phenomenon which have yet to be explained.

scholarly journals EVIDENCE FOR NEWLY INDUCED GENETIC ACTIVITY RESPONSIBLE FOR MALE RECOMBINATION INDUCTION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-124
Author(s):  
Barton E Slatko
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Major Element ◽  
Centromeric Region ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Recombination Activity ◽  
Male Recombination ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Genetic Activity

ABSTRACT The T-007 second chromosomal line of Drosophila melanogaster, previously shown to contain a major element, Mr, responsible for male recombination induction, also contains the genetic capability to induce male recombination activity into (nonhomologous) third chromosomes. This newly induced male recombination activity maps to the centromeric region of two third-chromosome lines that were subjected to mapping experiments. The ability of these third chromosome lines to induce male recombination accounts for previous observations concerning the ability of Mr  + genotypes (derived from Mr/Mr  + heterozygous females) to induce male recombination for only a few generations, when only second chromosomes were selected and backcrossed. The occurrence of this effect, and a similar effect induced in the homologue of T-007, suggests a possible explanation of how natural populations of D. melanogaster have come to contain such high frequencies of these "male recombination" second and third chromosomes, despite their numerous deleterious effects.

scholarly journals SELECTION FOR MALE RECOMBINATION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-351
Author(s):  
Margaret G Kidwell ◽  
J F Kidwell
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Centromeric Region ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Specific Region ◽  
Correlated Responses ◽  
Male Recombination ◽  
The Third ◽  
High Line ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Selection For

ABSTRACT Two-way selection for male recombination over seven intervals of the third chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster was practiced for nine generations followed by relaxed selection for five generations. Significant responses in both directions were observed but these mainly occurred in early generations in the low line and in later generations in the high line. Divergence of male recombination frequencies between the two selection lines was not restricted to any specific region but occurred in every measured interval of the chromosome. However, right-arm intervals showed a more pronounced response than either left-arm intervals or the centromeric region. Correlated responses in sterility and distortion of transmission ratios occurred as a result of selection for male recombination. Cluster distributions of male recombinants suggested a mixture of meiotic and late gonial events but relative map distances more closely resembled those of the salivary chromosome than standard meiotic or mitotic distances. Patterns of male recombination over time in both second and third chromosomes strongly suggested a major effect associated with the presence of third chromosomes from the Harwich strain. Evidence was also found for modifiers with relatively small effects located in other regions of the genome. The overall results are interpreted in terms of a two-component model of hybrid dysgenesis.

scholarly journals DoesStellateCause Meiotic Drive inDrosophila melanogaster?

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 161 (4) ◽  
pp. 1551-1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Belloni ◽  
Patrizia Tritto ◽  
Maria Pia Bozzetti ◽  
Gioacchino Palumbo ◽  
Leonard G Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Active Element ◽  
Meiotic Drive

AbstractDrosophila melanogaster males deficient for the crystal (cry) locus of the Y chromosome that carry between 15 and 60 copies of the X-linked Stellate (Ste) gene are semisterile, have elevated levels of nondisjunction, produce distorted sperm genotype ratios (meiotic drive), and evince hyperactive transcription of Ste in the testes. Ste seems to be the active element in this system, and it has been proposed that the ancestral Ste gene was “selfish” and increased in frequency because it caused meiotic drive. This hypothetical evolutionary history is based on the idea that Ste overexpression, and not the lack of cry, causes the meiotic drive of cry– males. To test whether this is true, we have constructed a Ste-deleted X chromosome and examined the phenotype of Ste–/cry– males. If hyperactivity of Ste were necessary for the transmission defects seen in cry– males, cry– males completely deficient for Ste would be normal. Although it is impossible to construct a completely Ste– genotype, we find that Ste–/cry– males have exactly the same phenotype as Ste+/cry– males. The deletion of all X chromosome Ste copies not only does not eliminate meiotic drive and nondisjunction, but it also does not even reduce them below the levels produced when the X carries 15 copies of Ste.

scholarly journals Effects of autosomal inversions on meiotic exchange in distal and proximal regions of the X chromosome in a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster

1994 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Sniegowski ◽  
Anne Pringle ◽  
Kimberly A. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Element Abundance ◽  
Recombination Rates ◽  
Interchromosomal Effect ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Transposable Element Abundance

SummaryWe have investigated the interchromosomal effect of the naturally-occurring paracentric inversions In(2L)t and In(3R)P on meiotic recombination in two regions of the X chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster. Previous authors have suggested that the rate of recombination at the tip of the X chromosome may be substantially higher in some natural populations than values measured in the laboratory, due to the interchromosomal effect of heterozygous autosomal inversions. This suggestion was motivated by observations that transposable elements are not as common at the tip of the X chromosome as predicted by recent research relating reduced meiotic exchange to increased element abundance in D. melanogaster. We examined the effects of heterozygous In(2L)t and In(3R)P on recombination at both the tip and base of the X chromosome on a background of isogenic major chromosomes from a natural population. Both inversions substantially increased the rate of recombination at the base; neither one affected recombination at the tip. The results suggest that the presence of inversions in the study population does not elevate rates of crossing over at the tip of the X chromosome. The relevance of these results to ideas relating transposable element abundance to recombination rates is discussed.

scholarly journals ON THE COMPONENTS OF SEGREGATION DISTORTION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. III. NATURE OF ENHANCER OF SD

Genetics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-434
Author(s):  
John G Brittnacher ◽  
Barry Ganetzky
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Segregation Distortion ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Segregation Distorter ◽  
In Cis ◽  
General Component

ABSTRACT Analysis of X-ray-induced deletions in the Segregation Distorter (SD) chromosome, SD-5, revealed that this chromosome had a gene proximal to lt in the centric heterochromatin of 2L that strongly enhanced the meiotic drive caused by the SD chromosome. This Enhancer of Segregation Distortion [E(SD)] locus had not been characterized in earlier studies of SD chromosomes because it cannot be readily separated by recombination from the Responder (Rsp) locus in the proximal heterochromatin of 2R.—To determine whether E(SD) is a general component of all SD chromosomes and to examine further its effects on distortion, we produced deletions of E(SD) in three additional SD chromosomes. Analysis of these deletions leads to the following conclusions: (1) along with Sd and Rsp, E(SD) is common to all SD chromosomes; (2) the E(SD) allele on each SD chromosome enhances distortion by the same amount, which indicates that allelic variation at the E(SD) locus is not responsible for the different drive strengths seen among SD chromosomes; (3) E(SD) causes very little or no distortion by itself in the absence of Sd; (4) E(SD), like Sd, acts in a dosage-dependent manner; (5) E(SD) exerts its effect in cis or trans to Sd; and (6) if E(SD)  + exists, its function is not related to SD.

scholarly journals Temperature sensitivity of negative segregation distortion in Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 831-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Hiraizumi
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Segregation Distortion ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
Negative Segregation ◽  
Absolute Reduction ◽  
Radical Revision

Abstract Previous work has shown that the direction of segregation distortion in the SD (Segregation Distorter) system in Drosophila melanogaster can sometimes be reversed, but this was found only with rather weak distorters and the effect was not large. The present study reports large negative segregation distortion in a strong distorter, SD-72 chromosome. In the presence of a specific X chromosome, supp-X(SD), the proportion, k, of SD-72 chromosomes recovered from the SD-72/cn bw males ranges from 0.99 at 20 degrees to 0.11 at 28.5 degrees, whereas with a standard-X chromosome, k ranges from 0.99 to 0.95 for the same temperature range. The temperature-sensitive period is during spermiogenesis. Using a mating system in which the sperm supply is nearly exhausted, it was shown that the negative distortion at high temperatures is due to an absolute reduction in the number of SD-72 chromosomes and an absolute increase in the number of cn bw chromosomes recovered. After adjusting for non-SD-related temperature effects, the amount of decrease in the number of SD-72 progeny is nearly the same as the amount of increase in the number of cn bw progeny, suggesting that the dysfunction switches from a spermatid carrying one homolog to one carrying the other. Negative distortion requires a radical revision of current hypotheses for the mechanism of segregation distortion and a possible modification of the current model is suggested, based on differential recovery of dysfunction in the two homologs during spermiogenesis.

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