THE SEARCH FOR THE ‘MIDDLE SORT OF PEOPLE’ IN ENGLAND, 1600–1800

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. FRENCH
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many ◽  
Collective Term

The ‘middle sort of people’ is a social group that has been the subject of increased historical research in the last decade. Many studies have been written, and many definitions offered of the group, its identity, and its membership. As a result, these overlapping groups and contrasting methods of definition have caused the nature and identity of the group to remain elusive. This study charts the evolution of the historiography of the ‘middle sort’, and the many attempts to produce positive and accurate definitions of the group. It suggests that the identity of the ‘middle sort’ may, in fact, be more complex than is allowed for by existing studies, with different identities being adopted according to social context. It concludes that while the term ‘middle sort of people’ is an appropriate contemporary collective term for use by historians, it is much more problematic as a description of an active, cohesive social group in the early modern period.

The Many “Lives” of Pedro de Ribadeneyra

1999 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodi Bilinkoff
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Life Writing ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Forms Of Life ◽  
The Many

The important early Jesuit Pedro de Ribadeneyra (1526-1611) has the distinction of having been a biographer of men, a biographer of women, an autobiographer, and the subject of biography. As such he and his texts seem particularly apt subjects for study given the current interest by scholars in a number of disciplines in the various forms of “life-writing“ produced so abundantly in the early modern period. In this essay I briefly examine Ribadeneyra's most famous biography, that of his mentor Ignatius Loyola, as well as two little-known and virtually unstudied texts: his Life of the pious laywoman Estefanía Manrique de Castilla and his autobiography or Confessions. I focus upon the ways in which he treated issues of authority and obedience in constructing as exemplary the lives of these three Spanish nobles and explore his strategies for enlisting life-writing in the campaign for a renewed, activist Catholicism.

scholarly journals Glagoljaška djelatnost na zapadnoj periferiji

2021 ◽  
pp. 371-397
Author(s):  
Sanja Zubčić
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Middle Ages

The Glagolitic space refers to the area where in the Middle Ages or the Early Modern Period the Glagolitic script was used in texts of different genres and on different surfaces, and/or where the liturgy was held in Croatian Church Slavonic, adopting a positive and affirmative attitude towards Glagolitism. In line with known historical and social circumstances, Glagolitism developed on Croatian soil, more intensely on its southern, especially south-western part (Istria, Northern Croatian Littoral, Lika, northern Dalmatia and adjacent islands). Glagolitism was also thriving in the western periphery of that space, in today’s Slovenia and Italy, leading to the discovery and description of different Glagolitic works. It is the latter, their structure and language, that will be the subject of this paper. Starting from the thesis that innovations in language develop radially, i.e. starting from the center and spreading towards the periphery, it is possible to assume that in the western Glagolitic periphery some more archaic dialectal features will be confirmed among the elements of the vernacular. It is important that these monuments were created and used in an area where the majority language is not Croatian, so the influence of foreign language elements or other ways of expressing multilingualism can be expected. The paper will outline the Glagolitic activity in the abovementioned space and the works preserved therein. In order to determine the differences between Glagolitic works originating from the peripheral and central Glagolitic space, the type and structure of Glagolitic inscriptions and manuscripts from Slovenia and Italy will also be analysed, especially with respect to potential periphery-specific linguistic features. Special attention is paid to the analysis of selected isoglosses in the Notebook or Register of the Brotherhood of St. Anthony the Abbot from San Dorligo della Valle.

SECULARIZATION AND MODERNIZATION: THE FAILURE OF A ‘GRAND NARRATIVE’

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. D. CLARK
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Modernization Theory ◽  
Grand Narrative ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Historical Scenario

ABSTRACTThis historiographical review offers a critical reconsideration of a central component of modernization theory: the model of secularization devised within the sociology of religion, and especially the version sustained by sociologists in the UK. It compares that model with the results of historical research in a range of themes and periods, and suggests that those results are now often radically inconsistent with this sociological orthodoxy. It concludes that an older historical scenario which located in the early modern period the beginnings of a ‘process’ of secularization that achieved its natural completion in the nineteenth or twentieth centuries is finally untenable, and it proposes a broader, more historical conception of ‘religion’ able to accommodate both persistent religiosity and undoubted changes in religious behaviour.

Portrait of a Raja in a Badshah’s World: Amrit Rai’s Biography of Man Singh (1585)

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 287-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Busch
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
State Formation ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Many

AbstractA wealth of Old Hindi texts in the Rajasthani and Brajbhasha dialects survives from the early modern period, but they remain an underused archive of Mughal history. TheMāncarit(“Biography of Man Singh,” 1585) of Amrit Rai, one of the earliest known examples of Rajput literature about a Mughalmanṣabdār, provides fascinating perspectives on Mughal power, as seen from the perspective of the court of Man Singh Kachhwaha, one of the leading regional kings of Akbar’s day. Amrit Rai was as much a poet as an historian, which makes theMāncaritand the many Rajput texts like it challenging to interpret, but the possibility of gaining alternative perspectives on Mughal state formation makes such a hermeneutic enterprise essential.

Making Murder Public

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Kesselring
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
The Public ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
Formal Distinction

Homicide can seem timeless, somehow, determined by unchanging human failings. But a moment’s reflection shows this is not true: homicide has a history. In early modern England, that history saw two especially notable developments: one, the emergence in the sixteenth century of a formal distinction between murder and manslaughter, made meaningful through a lighter punishment than death for the latter in most cases, and two, a significant reduction in the rates of homicides individuals perpetrated on each other. This book explores connections between these two changes. It demonstrates the value in distinguishing between murder and manslaughter, or at least in seeing how that distinction came to matter in a period which also witnessed dramatic drops in the occurrence of homicidal violence. Focused on the ‘politics of murder’, the book examines how homicide became more effectively criminalized from c. 1480 to 1680, with chapters devoted to coroners’ inquests, appeals and private compensation, duels and private vengeance, and print and public punishment. The English had begun moving away from treating homicide as an offence subject to private settlements or vengeance long before other Europeans, at least from the twelfth century. What happened in the early modern period was, in some ways, a continuation of processes long underway, but intensified and refocused by developments from the late fifteenth to late seventeenth centuries. Exploring the links between law, crime, and politics, bringing together both the legal and social histories of the subject of homicide, the book argues that homicide became more fully ‘public’ in these years, with killings seen to violate a ‘king’s peace’ that people increasingly conflated with or subordinated to the ‘public peace’ or ‘public justice’.

Baroque Catholic Theologies of Christ and Mary

2015 ◽  
pp. 103-118
Author(s):  
Trent Pomplun
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Religious Orders ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Immaculate Conception ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Theological Debate ◽  
The Many

This essay provides an historical account of the simultaneous development of Mariology and Christology in the early modern period. The main Thomist and Scotist arguments regarding the Incarnation and Immaculate Conception are discussed, together with the many “strict” and “mitigated” variants propounded by major theologians of religious orders, including the Jesuits, Dominicans, Franciscans, Mercedarians, and others; and the increasing trend toward the theological position of Duns Scotus is shown. Several of these now-forgotten theologies on the absolute primacy of Christ and Mary integrated the rather scattered Mariological reflections of the medieval world into the various baroque syntheses that shaped much of nineteenth-century theological debate, one result of which was the declaration of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception in 1854.

Oxford Studies in Early Modern Philosophy, Volume X

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Early Modern Philosophy ◽  
Annual Series ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Modern Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Selection Of

Oxford Studies in Early Modern Philosophy is an annual series, presenting a selection of the best current work in the history of early modern philosophy. It focuses on the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries—the extraordinary period of intellectual flourishing that begins, roughly, with Descartes and his contemporaries and ends with Kant. It also publishes work on thinkers or movements outside of that framework, provided they are important in illuminating early modern thought. The core of the subject matter is philosophy and its history. But the volume’s chapters reflect the fact that philosophy in the early modern period was much broader in its scope than it is currently taken to be and included a great deal of what now belongs to the natural sciences. Furthermore, philosophy in the period was closely connected with other disciplines, such as theology, law and medicine, and with larger questions of social, political, and religious history. Volume 10 includes chapters dedicated to a wide set of topics in the philosophies of Thomas White, Spinoza, Locke, Leibniz, and Hume.

scholarly journals Ruling Climate: the Theory and Practice of Environmental Governmentality, 1500-1800

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-137
Author(s):  
John Emrys Morgan ◽  
John Emrys Morgan
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Environmental Humanities ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Relationship

This one-day conference brought together scholars from across Europe and North America to discuss the relationship between governments and the environment in the early modern period. Papers discussed competing conceptions of environmental and climatic models and their use as instruments of control to justify a variety of social and economic interventions. With early career, established and leading scholars discussing environmental governmentality in global contexts, from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, the breadth of research at ‘Ruling Climate’ was testament to the vitality of the environmental humanities, and its current status as a leading movement in contemporary historical research.

scholarly journals “When the King Goeth a Procession”: Chapel Ceremonies and Services, the Ritual Year, and Religious Reforms at the Early Tudor Court, 1485–1547

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Kisby
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Religious Culture ◽  
Henry Viii ◽  
English Court ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Fundamental Fact ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Royal Household

There is general agreement now that the court of Henry VIII and his father wasthecenter of politics, patronage, and power in England. It is also well understood how access to the king—the sole font of that power—and the ability to catch “either his ear or his eye” headed, to a large extent, the agenda of any ambitious courtier. Patronage is a theme that has accordingly dominated the historiography of the Tudor royal household, and indeed this is one of the two major concerns of court historians of the early modern period in general. Ceremony is the second, and the Tudor court has been the focus of study in this respect too, as the work of Jennifer Loach and Sidney Anglo attests. Yet while the occasional ceremonies of state (funerals, coronations, royal entries) and of “spectacles” (revels, pageants, and plays) have been the subject of detailed investigation, those that took place on a regular basis exclusively within the physical confines of the royal houses have received very little attention. Consequently historians have failed to notice a fundamental fact of which all courtiers were aware: that, by the early Tudor period and quite probably well before, the weekly routine of ceremony at the English court was structured by the liturgical calendar and thus dominated by religious culture.It is possible that this historiographical lacuna has arisen because the history of the chief organ of religious ceremonial in the royal household—the chapel royal—has largely been neglected.

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