Beyond the World Heritage Site: A huge enclosure revealed at Hatra

Iraq ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Tucker ◽  
Stefan R. Hauser
Keyword(s):  
World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Hostile Environment ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Dryland Farming ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
The World ◽  
Austere Environment ◽  
Splendid Isolation ◽  
The City

Splendid isolation and an austere environment allegedly saved Hatra on more than one occasion from the wrath of Rome. Even when the city finally fell to the Sasanians in AD 240 and Shapur carried off its portable wealth, its comparative remoteness prevented the wholesale destruction that happened, for instance, at nearby Ashur. So in 1985 UNESCO had no difficulty in recognising the ruins' value as a gem of world heritage.Hatra's comparative isolation presents problems but also advantages for archaeologists. The problems concern the city's economy and subsistence with respect to its size and density in a hostile environment beyond the limit of dryland farming. Most prominently Hatra will have played an important role as a centre for nomad-sedentary political and economic exchange. The central temple of Shamash, which might have served as a focus of pilgrimage, will have added in some degree to its wealth, as reflected by its architecture and sculpture. According to some authors the city also played at least some role in long-distance caravan trade, which might have created further substantial revenue. But the important question remains: to what extent did Hatra's inhabitants complement their livelihood through cultivation

[ARTIGO TRADUZIDO] HISTORY, PATRIMONY AND SENSITIVE MEMORY: the Valongo Wharf in Rio de Janeiro

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (26) ◽  
pp. 98-111
Author(s):  
MONICA LIMA
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pain And Suffering ◽  
The City

 Abstract: The article deals with aspects that define the importance of the historical and archaelogical site of Valongo Wharf, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, for the history of enslavement of Africans and their descendants in the Americas and especially in Brazil. In addition to highlighting the relevance of this property, recognized in 2017 as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, it also addresses its significance as a historical site of sensitive memory and a place of memory for the Atlantic traffic of enslaved Africans. Throughout the text, key ideas such as sensitive past, violence, pain and suffering are discussed in historical perspective, which indicates possibilities of comparison with other spaces in the world, considering human tragedies and concepts used in the studies on these processes. Finally, the text analyzes other elements around the history of the Valongo Wharf region as space of resistance and affirmation of the black populations.Keywords: Valongo Wharf. History of Slavery. Sensitive Pasts. World Heritage. History of Africans in Brazil.HISTÓRIA, PATRIMá”NIO E MEMÓRIA SENSáVEL:  o Cais do Valongo no Rio de JaneiroResumo: O artigo trata sobre aspectos que definem a importá¢ncia do sá­tio histórico e arqueológico Valongo Wharf, situado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, para a história da escravização de africanos e seus descendentes nas Américas e, em especial, no Brasil. Além de ressaltar a relevá¢ncia desse bem, reconhecido em 2017 como Patrimônio Mundial pela UNESCO, também aborda o seu significado como sá­tio histórico de memória sensá­vel e lugar de memória do tráfico atlá¢ntico de africanos escravizados. Ao longo do texto, são abordadas ideias-chave, tais como passados sensá­veis, violência, dor e sofrimento em perspectiva histórica, indicando possibilidades de comparação com outros espaços no mundo, considerando tragédias humanas e conceitos utilizados nos estudos sobre esses processos. Finalmente, o texto analisa elementos em torno da história da região do Valongo Wharf como espaço de resistência e de afirmação das populações negras.Palavras-chave:  Valongo Wharf. História da Escravidão. Passados Sensá­veis. Patrimônio Mundial. História dos africanos no Brasil.  HISTORIA, PATRIMONIO Y MEMORIA SENSIBLE:  el Cais do Valongo en Rá­o de JaneiroResumen:  El artá­culo trata sobre aspectos que definen la importancia del sitio histórico y arqueológico Valongo Wharf, situado en la ciudad de Rá­o de Janeiro, para la historia de la esclavización de africanos y sus descendientes en las Américas y, en especial, en Brasil. Además de resaltar la relevancia de ese bien, reconocido en 2017 como Patrimonio Mundial por la UNESCO, también aborda su significado como sitio histórico de memoria sensible y lugar de memoria de la trata atlántica de africanos esclavizados. A lo largo del texto, se abordan ideas clave, tales como pasados sensibles, violencia, dolor y sufrimiento en perspectiva histórica, indicando posibilidades de comparación con otros espacios en el mundo y considerando tragedias humanas y conceptos utilizados en los estudios sobre esos procesos. Finalmente, el texto analiza elementos en torno a la historia de la región del Valongo Wharf como espacio de resistencia y de afirmación de las poblaciones negras.Palabras clave:  Muelle de Valongo. Historia de la Esclavitud. Pasados Sensibles. Patrimonio Mundial. Historia de los africanos en Brasil.

scholarly journals Balung Buto dalam Persepsi Masyarakat Sangiran: Antara Mitos dan Fakta

KALPATARU ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Retno Handini
Keyword(s):  
World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
The Way

Abstrak. Tulisan ini merupakan kajian tentang “balung buto”, sebuah mitos atau kepercayaan masyarakat yang menghuni wilayah penemuan fosil-fosil purba di Jawa. Penelitian ini difokuskan di Situs Sangiran sebagai Situs Warisan Dunia untuk memahami pola pikir dan persepsi masyarakat penghuni situs dalam memandang keberadaan fosil yang banyak ditemukan di sekitar lahan tegalan atau pekarangan mereka. Metode yang digunakan adalah wawancara mendalam pada masyarakat yang  tinggal di Sangiran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan walaupun saat ini sudah semakin ditinggalkan dan tidak lagi diturunkan pada generasi muda, namun mitos “balung buto” masih mempengaruhi pola pikir dan perilaku kalangan tertentu yang mempercayainya. Hal tersebut secara langsung ataupun tidak berdampak pada pencarian fosil dan pelestarian situs.Abstract. This article is a study on ‘balung buto’ (which means giant’s bone), a myth or belief shared by the communities that live in areas where prehistoric fossils are found in Java. The study is focused at the World Heritage Site of Sangiran to understand the way of thinking and perception of the inhabitants around the site in viewing the existence of fossils, which are found in abundance on their agricultural fields or house yards. The method used here is insightful interview with the people who live at Sangiran. The study reveals that although believed by less and less people and no longer inherited to the young generation, there are some people who still believe the myth. To them the myth of ‘balung buto’ still influences their pattern of thoughts and behaviour so that directly or indirectly it has impacts on fossil-collecting behaviour and site preservation. 

scholarly journals Motivational analysis of tourists who visit a city with inscriptions World Heritage Site, Granada, Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 10(1) (10(1)) ◽  
pp. 349-375
Author(s):  
José Valverde-Rodaa ◽  
Gema Gomez-Casero ◽  
Tomás López-Guzmán ◽  
Miguel Jesús Medina-Viruel
Keyword(s):  
World Heritage ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Interesting Aspect ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Demographic Profile ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Tourist Behaviour ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

In recent times, it has been noticed that cultural tourism attracts millions of people. One interesting aspect is the analysis of WHS (World Heritage Site) destinations or cultural destinations that have an inscription WHS. This research has the goal of analysing the different groups of tourists who visit a cultural destination with an inscription WHS, specifically the city of Granada (Spain). For this, segmentation was performed, studying the socio-demographic profile of the tourists and their assessment of the attributes of this destination. For the tourist segmentation, two models have been followed. Four different groups of tourists were found: alternative, cultural, emotional and heritage. In this last one, the relationship between curiosity about the culture of the tourist destination and the heritage visited has a determining role. This study makes an important contribution to the literature regarding the links between the tourist and the historic and monumental heritage they visit and their tourist behaviour.

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