Editing Versions

G. Thomas Tanselle’s Descriptive Bibliography — a monumental compilation of essays devoted to bibliographical theory and practice as they have evolved as a discipline since the 1960s — not only attests to Tanselle’s vibrant career but is also an occasion to reflect on bibliography as a “way of thinking” about book history, material culture, the editing of fluid texts, and digital scholarship. In our profession, the field of descriptive bibliography has endured decades of begrudging tolerance as “merely” custodial rather than critical; and yet bibliography — in so far as it records change — is the fundamental grounding for any historicist and materialist project. Melville’s so-called “L-word” in Typee — once it is tracked from manuscript to first edition to revised edition — records an “oscillating revision” in Melville’s thinking and writing that exemplifies the dance between accident and intentionality in the creative process. Tanselle’s essays on the practical workings of bibliography also suggest the field’s ability to extend its scope beyond idealized notions of the authorial work and to embrace non-authorized reprints, periodical placement, illustration, and non-literary documents, as well as adaptive revision in film and translation. Descriptive bibliography is essential for our deeper engagement with how and why versions evolve. Advancements in digital strategies related to database and display will facilitate the future acceptance of descriptive bibliography among literary scholars and critics seeking to test the interpretive potentials of biography, material history and culture, and the fluid text.

The anthropology of the heart as a way to ecumenical dialogue

The article describes, taking as its main starting point the encyclical Fides et ratio, the importance of the way of thinking appropriate to the culture of the Christian East in the relationship between reason and faith. The encyclical of John Paul II has many different aspects, including the not often emphasised ecumenical and dialogical aspects. The Pope, who held Eastern (Orthodox) Christianity in high esteem and appreciated the Slavic cultural code, also positively points to this method of discovering the truth. In this context, the anthropology of the heart is particularly important (metaphysics of the heart, mysticism of the heart or spirituality of the heart), which enriches and complements the Western way of thinking and of discovering anthropological and theological truth. The anthropology of the heart also appears in the West and for this reason it has an ecumenical significance which is important for the dialogue between Catholicism and Orthodoxy.

PEOPLE'S LIVELIHOOD: THE THIRD WAY OF THE SCIENCE OF GOVERNMENT

the emergence of the third way of thinking was motivated by the formation of government science in Indonesia which was influenced by 2 (two) schools, namely Continental Europe, which brought the term "authority" to Indonesia, and "Anglo Saxon" who introduced the concept of "power" (power). Both streams color the teaching of government science in Indonesia, this has an impact on government science being perceived as "public policy", "bureaucracy" or "politics". The implication of the application of these two schools is that they marginalize the focus of government science from people's sovereignty in accordance with the mandate of the 1945 Constitution.

Myth and the Sumerian Mythology

Myth and the Sumerian Mythology has been entitled to this study, which is a scientific attempt to stand upon the concept of Legendary. Legendary is a literary genre that has been narrated amongst generations respectively. This study includes some truths which reflects realities in primitive communities. The truths and realities reflect human beliefs, opinions, the way of thinking and consciousness who considered as GOD and heroes of natural forces at that time. Their willingness and needs were above all things. Working on legendary is different from other subjects such as story, superstition and relation to history. Narrating or describing Sumerian Legendary and comparing to the realities of societies and their roles in directing peoples´ life at that time. Except the abstract,and its translation in languages Kurdish, Arabic and introduced and results the study and its abstract have been dealt with intensively in the framework of four sections.

Representasi Feminisme Eksistensialis Tokoh Wanita dalam Film The Great Wall,

This research aims at the theme of the study of feminism in acting, especially in film. The female figure in this film is described as a strong and spirited female figure. This female figure exists among the domination of men as usual. A female figure is usually portrayed in a feminine role, but in this film, the roles shown are very different. From the role of this female character in this film "The Great Wall", emerges the Existentialist Feminism side, for example, that women are described as a figure who has a level of independence, a way of thinking that is not dependent on men. This study uses descriptive qualitative research using the strategy proposed by Simone de Beauvoir, how women interpret themselves, like 1) work and determine fate; 2) join intellectual groups, think, see, and define to bring about change for women; 3) work and achieve social transformation in society, and 4) refuse to internalize that women are below men. This study shows that the emotional side of a woman cannot change the character of a woman in dealing with problems, this can be seen from the storyline given in this colossal genre film.

Language Means of Revealing Postmodern Ludic Absurd in English Literary Text

The fiction politics of contemporaneity reflects diversified patterns of language forms and their func- tions. This has brought to life experimental (postmodernist) writing the key principles of intertextuality, fragmentation, destruction, play. Postmodernist aesthetics caused a blurring of traditional genre canons that led to contamination of syncretic genre compounds through a grotesque transformation of traditional genre models and created an „estrangement? effect. The phenomenon of ludic absurd is viewed in three as- pects: 1) linguo-philosophical; 2) cognitive; 3) poetic. The present study focuses on the analysis of ludic absurd; the role of graphic, phonetic, morphemic, word-forming, syntactical, semantic mechanisms, based on the intentional deviation of language norm, play on words; cognitive mechanisms, generated by ad-hoc way of thinking. The conducted linguopoetic analysis of American postmodern short stories suggests that ludic absurd as a stylistic device of postmodern poetics manifests itself at all language levels (lexical, syn- tactic, semasiological, and textual) and is realized via the semantic asymmetry of lexical units, using illog- ical, but grammatically correct syntactic constructions, syntactic mismatch of sentences and whole text fragments. Prospects for further studies consist in clarifying the pragmatic role of ludic absurd in the postmodern literary text; expanding the taxonomy of lexico-semantic, stylistic, and syntactic and paragraphemic means of ludic absurd.

The faces of death

The Rural Cemetery Movement ushered in a new way of thinking about cemeteries in American society after 1831. As these cemeteries became civic assets, they were widely visited by people and became a mediated space for articulating and expanding collective memory. The gravestones and monuments in these cemeteries erected in the second half of the nineteenth century combined increasingly secular messages and memory in a sacrosanct setting, thus blurring the lines in cemeteries between the secular and the sacred.