Irish public opinion and the Risorgimento, 1859–60

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (135) ◽  
pp. 289-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Fault Line ◽  
Religious Struggle ◽  
Papal States ◽  
Pius Ix

In 1859–60 the Risorgimento culminated in the unification of Italy under King Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont-Sardinia. Irish public opinion watched the process of unification with intense interest, largely because of the papacy’s involvement. The movement for unification directly threatened Pope Pius IX’s hold over the Papal States, and by 1860 he had lost all his dominions but Rome. As a result, Irish public opinion on the Risorgimento divided along the religious fault-line. Protestant identification with the struggle for unification was mirrored by passionate Catholic support for Pius IX, and Ireland’s longstanding religious animosities were projected onto the struggle between the pope and the Piedmontese. Perugia became Scullabogue, Spoleto Limerick. This sense of identification explains why events in Italy resonated so powerfully in Ireland. For religious ultras on both sides, the Risorgimento was essentially a religious struggle, a strategically important battle in the ongoing war between true religion and the powers of darkness.

The Routes of Intransigence:Mexico's ‘Spiritual Pilgrimage’ of 1874 and the Globalization of Ultramontane Catholicism

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Stauffer
Keyword(s):  
Old World ◽  
Papal States ◽  
Pius Ix ◽  
Pope Pius Ix ◽  
Spiritual Pilgrimage

In the fall of 1874, in the midst a particularly severe round of Church-state conflict, Mexico's archbishop, Pelagio Antonio Labastida y Dávalos, introduced a novel weapon in the Catholic Church's struggle against liberal anticlericalism. He had sought and obtained a special dispensation from Pope Pius IX for all Mexicans to participate in a “spiritual pilgrimage,” a month-long exercise of mental travel, prayer, and contemplation that would figuratively transport the faithful out of Mexico's anticlerical milieu and into the purified air of Jerusalem, Rome, and other Old World holy sites, where they would pray for divine intercession on behalf of the embattled Church. The practice had been inaugurated a year earlier by lay Catholics in Bologna, as a response to the prohibition of mass pilgrimages in the flesh in the former Papal States. Labastida y Dávalos felt that spiritual pilgrimage could be especially effective in Mexico, where the anticlerical government of Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada had embarked on a radical program of secularization. In fact, the recently codified Laws of Reform had likewise prohibited acts of public religiosity in Mexico, attempting thus to suppress the myriad local processions and mass pilgrimages that helped to define Mexican Catholicism.

The Religious Problem of the Italian Risorgimento as Seen by Americans

1956 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard R. Marraro
Keyword(s):  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Returning Travellers ◽  
Papal States ◽  
Pius Ix ◽  
Religious Differences

At the outset of Italy's struggle for political regeneration religious differences divided American opinion as to the justice of the Italian demands and continued to color that opinion throughout the years that followed. Before the election of Pius IX to the Papacy, Americans had read and heard a great deal about the tyranny of the various despotic governments of Italy after the Congress of Vienna. Books of travel, memoirs, biographies, autobiographies, accounts of newspaper correspondents in various cities of the peninsula, stories told by returning travellers and by Italian exiles in America had painted a most gloomy picture of the spiritual and physical conditions under which many liberals were suffering in the dungeons of the despots who had been restored to power after the downfall of Napoleon. Nowhere were conditions worse, it was believed, than in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and in the Papal States.

Accounting and governance in the final years of the Papal States: Dual roles in the papacy of Pius IX (1846–1870)

2020 ◽  
pp. 100920
Author(s):  
Valerio Antonelli ◽  
Stefano Coronella ◽  
Carolyn Cordery ◽  
Roberto Verona
Keyword(s):  
Dual Roles ◽  
Papal States ◽  
Pius Ix

scholarly journals Pius IX in 1846-1848 - the Liberal Pope?

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-531
Author(s):  
Katsiaryna A. Kimlenka
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Papal States ◽  
The One ◽  
Pius Ix ◽  
Italian Unification ◽  
Further Development

The paper discusses the first years of the pontificate of Pius IX (1846-1878), when the newly elected head of the Catholic Church was perceived as a “liberal Pope”. On the one hand, in 1846-1848 Pius IX was the Pope who carried out reforms and announced an amnesty. On the other hand, in the same period he criticized rationalism and created censorship commissions. The paper is another attempt to answer the question whether Pius IX was indeed a “liberal” Pope at the beginning of his pontificate. Special attention is given to the Pope’s policy during 1847. It was the time when the Papal States’ population expected the continuation of the reform process. The paper raises the question of Cardinals’ impact on the Pope, as well as on the pace of reform in the Papal States. Another key issue is the response of Pius IX to the revolutionary movement in Italy. The author concludes with the significance of the Pope’s refusal to struggle against Austria for the further development of the process of Italian Unification.

scholarly journals Catholic Clergy at Home and in Rome: Intersocial Processes in French Counterrevolution (1848–52)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel V Rindborg
Keyword(s):  
Historical Case Study ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
French Politics ◽  
Catholic Clergy ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Papal States ◽  
Pius Ix ◽  
Pope Pius Ix ◽  
International Aspects

Sociological scholarship on political revolution has recently begun to embrace a process-based understanding of revolutions. Such a processual ontology opens up for understanding hitherto unaddressed processes of counterrevolution. Historians of the Spring of Nations, and The Second French Republic (1848–52) in particular, have failed to address the international aspects of the revolutions, and above all of counterrevolution in the period. This paper addresses this gap through a historical case study of the French Catholic clergy in the Second French Republic. The study applies an amalgamation of recent theoretical developments from revolution scholarship in order to dissect the empirical material and births a new framework in the process. The results demonstrate the important intersocial work of Catholic clergy on the triumph of the counterrevolution in France. The political concerns of the Papal States and Pope Pius IX spilled over into French politics and cemented the legitimacy of the counterrevolutionary turn and fuelled the rise of Louis Napoleon. From these results a new theoretical framework that addresses the intersocial nature of political agency and moves beyond a domestic understanding of political processes is developed. Further studies applying this approach across cases are encouraged in order to better understand how these processes unfold and how multiple intersocial influences can interplay.

Latin American Bishops of the First Vatican Council, 1869–1870

1969 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Beirne
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
Napoleon Iii ◽  
Papal States ◽  
Pius Ix ◽  
Pope Pius Ix ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church

In the summer of 1870, Napoleon III desperately withdrew his troops from the stronghold where they had been staving off Italian patriots from the greatest prize of the drive for unification, the city of Rome. Bismarck’s armies were sweeping west, a thrust which would end in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles. This Franco-Prussian War also emptied the Roman Catholic bishops out of St. Peter’s Basilica where they had been meeting since the previous December at the First Vatican Council.The parents of most of the Council fathers were born in the decades before the French Revolution. The sons grew up during the Age of Metternich when the firemen of Europe, the Concert Powers, tried to stamp out the embers of the Revolution. Many of these men had just been ordained, a few already wore episcopal mitres when most of Europe exploded in 1848. As they assumed leadership in the Church, Garibaldi and Cavour were evicting Pope Pius IX from most of the Papal States.

Review of Reader in Public Opinion and communication.

1966 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 316-316
Author(s):  
No authorship indicated
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion
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