The Routes of Intransigence:Mexico's ‘Spiritual Pilgrimage’ of 1874 and the Globalization of Ultramontane Catholicism

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Stauffer
Keyword(s):  
Old World ◽  
Papal States ◽  
Pius Ix ◽  
Pope Pius Ix ◽  
Spiritual Pilgrimage

In the fall of 1874, in the midst a particularly severe round of Church-state conflict, Mexico's archbishop, Pelagio Antonio Labastida y Dávalos, introduced a novel weapon in the Catholic Church's struggle against liberal anticlericalism. He had sought and obtained a special dispensation from Pope Pius IX for all Mexicans to participate in a “spiritual pilgrimage,” a month-long exercise of mental travel, prayer, and contemplation that would figuratively transport the faithful out of Mexico's anticlerical milieu and into the purified air of Jerusalem, Rome, and other Old World holy sites, where they would pray for divine intercession on behalf of the embattled Church. The practice had been inaugurated a year earlier by lay Catholics in Bologna, as a response to the prohibition of mass pilgrimages in the flesh in the former Papal States. Labastida y Dávalos felt that spiritual pilgrimage could be especially effective in Mexico, where the anticlerical government of Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada had embarked on a radical program of secularization. In fact, the recently codified Laws of Reform had likewise prohibited acts of public religiosity in Mexico, attempting thus to suppress the myriad local processions and mass pilgrimages that helped to define Mexican Catholicism.

scholarly journals Catholic Clergy at Home and in Rome: Intersocial Processes in French Counterrevolution (1848–52)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel V Rindborg
Keyword(s):  
Historical Case Study ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
French Politics ◽  
Catholic Clergy ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Papal States ◽  
Pius Ix ◽  
Pope Pius Ix ◽  
International Aspects

Sociological scholarship on political revolution has recently begun to embrace a process-based understanding of revolutions. Such a processual ontology opens up for understanding hitherto unaddressed processes of counterrevolution. Historians of the Spring of Nations, and The Second French Republic (1848–52) in particular, have failed to address the international aspects of the revolutions, and above all of counterrevolution in the period. This paper addresses this gap through a historical case study of the French Catholic clergy in the Second French Republic. The study applies an amalgamation of recent theoretical developments from revolution scholarship in order to dissect the empirical material and births a new framework in the process. The results demonstrate the important intersocial work of Catholic clergy on the triumph of the counterrevolution in France. The political concerns of the Papal States and Pope Pius IX spilled over into French politics and cemented the legitimacy of the counterrevolutionary turn and fuelled the rise of Louis Napoleon. From these results a new theoretical framework that addresses the intersocial nature of political agency and moves beyond a domestic understanding of political processes is developed. Further studies applying this approach across cases are encouraged in order to better understand how these processes unfold and how multiple intersocial influences can interplay.

Latin American Bishops of the First Vatican Council, 1869–1870

1969 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Beirne
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
Napoleon Iii ◽  
Papal States ◽  
Pius Ix ◽  
Pope Pius Ix ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church

In the summer of 1870, Napoleon III desperately withdrew his troops from the stronghold where they had been staving off Italian patriots from the greatest prize of the drive for unification, the city of Rome. Bismarck’s armies were sweeping west, a thrust which would end in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles. This Franco-Prussian War also emptied the Roman Catholic bishops out of St. Peter’s Basilica where they had been meeting since the previous December at the First Vatican Council.The parents of most of the Council fathers were born in the decades before the French Revolution. The sons grew up during the Age of Metternich when the firemen of Europe, the Concert Powers, tried to stamp out the embers of the Revolution. Many of these men had just been ordained, a few already wore episcopal mitres when most of Europe exploded in 1848. As they assumed leadership in the Church, Garibaldi and Cavour were evicting Pope Pius IX from most of the Papal States.

The flight of Pope Pius IX. to Gaeta in 1848

1884 ◽  
Vol s6-IX (227) ◽  
pp. 353-353
Author(s):  
Edmund Waterton
Keyword(s):  
Pius Ix ◽  
Pope Pius Ix

Irish public opinion and the Risorgimento, 1859–60

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (135) ◽  
pp. 289-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Fault Line ◽  
Religious Struggle ◽  
Papal States ◽  
Pius Ix

In 1859–60 the Risorgimento culminated in the unification of Italy under King Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont-Sardinia. Irish public opinion watched the process of unification with intense interest, largely because of the papacy’s involvement. The movement for unification directly threatened Pope Pius IX’s hold over the Papal States, and by 1860 he had lost all his dominions but Rome. As a result, Irish public opinion on the Risorgimento divided along the religious fault-line. Protestant identification with the struggle for unification was mirrored by passionate Catholic support for Pius IX, and Ireland’s longstanding religious animosities were projected onto the struggle between the pope and the Piedmontese. Perugia became Scullabogue, Spoleto Limerick. This sense of identification explains why events in Italy resonated so powerfully in Ireland. For religious ultras on both sides, the Risorgimento was essentially a religious struggle, a strategically important battle in the ongoing war between true religion and the powers of darkness.

Original Holiness

2019 ◽  
pp. 485-502
Author(s):  
Sarah Jane Boss
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Marian Devotion ◽  
Catholic Faith ◽  
Immaculate Conception ◽  
Pius Ix ◽  
Pope Pius Ix

The nineteenth century saw an upsurge in Marian devotion and Mariological enquiry in Western Europe. Of particular note is the Bull of Pope Pius IX, Ineffabilis Deus (1854), which defines the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception as an article of Catholic faith. Developments of this kind may be seen partly as an example of the Catholic Church’s reaction against increasing secularization. However, methodologically, Marian theology was part of the tendency towards a more historical approach to theology, with greater emphasis on the participation of the ordinary faithful in the articulation of doctrine. Attention is drawn to the importance of the tradition in which Mary is identified with the Old Testament figure of Wisdom, and the relevance of this for the understanding of Mary’s pre-election as the Mother of God, immaculately conceived. Finally, there is discussion of some of the nineteenth century’s most prominent Mariological thinkers, such as Newman and Scheeben.

Seizures Among Public Figures: Lessons Learned From the Epilepsy of Pope Pius IX

2007 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 1535-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Sirven ◽  
J. F. Drazkowski ◽  
K. H. Noe
Keyword(s):  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
Pius Ix ◽  
Pope Pius Ix

Nineteenth-Century Catholic Reception of Aquinas

2021 ◽  
pp. 358-374
Author(s):  
Thomas Marschler
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Academic Life ◽  
Medieval Theology ◽  
Catholic Theology ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Pius Ix ◽  
Pope Pius Ix ◽  
Theology And Philosophy

In the second half of the eighteenth century, under the influence of the Enlightenment, Catholic theology had increasingly turned away from its scholastic tradition. A renewal of Thomist thought started in the first decades of the nineteenth century, especially from Italy. Its original concern was to overcome the modern philosophies that were perceived as endangering faith. From the middle of the century, the movement spread to other parts of Europe, gaining support of the Church’s magisterium under Pope Pius IX. In the wake of the encyclical Aeterni Patris (1879) written by his successor Leo XIII, neo-scholasticism made its final breakthrough in Catholic academic life. Subsequently, numerous Thomist-oriented textbooks were published and Thomist academies were founded throughout Europe. The critical edition of the works of Aquinas (Editio Leonia) marked the beginning of a period of intense historical research on medieval theology and philosophy.

Separating Church and State in Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-84
Author(s):  
Michael W. Homer
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Church And State ◽  
The Public ◽  
Civil Marriage ◽  
Public Announcement ◽  
Pius Ix ◽  
Pope Pius Ix ◽  
Official Status ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Catholic Church

In 1852 King Victor Emmanuel’s ministers proposed legislation to recognize civil marriages in the Kingdom of Sardinia (Piedmont). This proposal was opposed by Pope Pius IX and other Catholic apologists who argued that it would result in undermining the official status of the Catholic Church and one of the church’s sacraments. Even worse it would mean that Jewish and Protestant marriages would be recognized. This legislation coincided with Mormon missionaries proselytizing in Torino and the public announcement that the church practiced polygamy. Catholic opponents of this legislation argued that even Mormon polygamous marriages would be recognized if the legislation passed. During fierce debates that took place Catholic apologists also claimed that Mormons formed alliances with other Protestant “sects” to push through the civil marriage litigation. The specter of Mormon plural marriages in a civil marriage system continued to be mentioned until civil marriages were finally recognized in 1865.

Ultramontane Efforts in the Ottoman Empire during the 1860s and 1870s

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 345-358
Author(s):  
Mariam Kartashyan
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Holy See ◽  
Internal Policy ◽  
Pius Ix ◽  
Pope Pius Ix ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

The attempts of Pope Pius IX to restrict the ecclesiastical rights of the Armenian Catholics with his bull Reversurus (1867) led to the Armenian schism in 1871. A factor which was decisive for the development of the relationship between the Armenian Catholic Church and the Ottoman empire, under whose rule the Church existed, was the influence of other powers. This article analyses the background of this relationship and its significance for the Armenian schism. For this purpose, first, the ecclesiastical rights of the Armenian Catholic Church during the period before the publication of Reversurus and their relation to the internal policy of the Ottoman empire are outlined. Second, the influence of the domestic and foreign policy of the Ottoman state on its relationship with its Armenian Catholic subjects is elucidated. In this way, it is shown that the historical background of the Armenian Catholic Church and the internal political circumstances of the Ottoman empire were intertwined and shaped the relationship between the Armenian Catholics and the Ottoman state. Despite this, relations between the Ottoman empire, the Holy See and other European empires came to exercise a predominant influence, leading by the end of the 1870s to the Armenian Catholic Church's enforced acquiescence in ecclesiastical change.

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