The Ndebele Kingdom South of the Limpopo River

1969 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Lye
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Political System ◽  
White Men ◽  
Small Band ◽  
Full Stature

Starting with a small band of refugees, Mzilikazi built a personal military kingdom on the Zulu model at three successive locations in South Africa. His early successes might be attributed to the disturbances resulting from theDifaqane. Later, his strength was maintained by his ability to incorporate diverse peoples into his polity. The aggressive policy for which he is known was not maintained during those periods in which he felt secure, but rather when he was forced to migrate farther from his major enemy, the Zulu. Evidence supports the contention that his main aim was a search for security. His policies were successful against the threats from African enemies. Only with the coming of white men did they fail. The essential features of Mzilikazi's political system are described to show what he preserved of traditional Nguni practices, what he borrowed from Dingeswayo and Shaka, and what he modified to fit his particular circumstances.The viability of Mzilikazi's developing polity is confirmed by his success in reconstructing his kingdom north of the Limpopo River. Without minimizing the traditional characterization of Mzilikazi as a warrior, a desolator and a tyrant, it is as a creative political administrator that his full stature can be appreciated.

Characterization of rotaviruses and subgroup F adenoviruses from acute summer gastroenteritis in South Africa

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Kidd ◽  
A. Rosenblatt ◽  
T. G. Besselaar ◽  
M. J. Erasmus ◽  
C. T. Tiemessen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa

Battered bodies: Characterizing Johannesburg’s apartheid past and present in Gavin Hood’s Tsotsi

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 213-228
Author(s):  
Addamms Mututa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
The Past ◽  
Black Characters ◽  
Black Bodies ◽  
Narrative Spaces ◽  
The City

Narratives of traumatic citizenship not only raise questions about the past, but also they give voice to contemporary stories about this past. In post-apartheid South Africa, these questions, markers of apartheid temporality, are embodied in, among other sites, the representation of battered Black bodies in cinema. This article critiques the characterization of Blacks as narrative spaces to illustrate the temporality of distress and trauma from apartheid to post-apartheid Johannesburg in Gavin Hood’s Tsotsi. It argues that the film posits Black characters as latent archives of intergenerational historical narratives that probe the apartheid past and speculate on the post-apartheid future in the city of Johannesburg. Consequently, the juxtaposition of embodied narrative archives and apartheid temporality, the article posits, is a crucial model in the theorization of battered Black bodies’ contiguous nostalgia.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of actinomycetes and characterization of actinomycin-producing strain KRG-1 isolated from Karoo, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Charousová ◽  
Juraj Medo ◽  
Lukáš Hleba ◽  
Miroslava Císarová ◽  
Soňa Javoreková
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity

Circular Arguments and Self-Fulfilling Definitions: “Statelessness” and the Dagaaba

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 349-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kojo Yelpaala
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Political System ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Jigsaw Puzzle ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Intellectual Inquiry ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ancient Law

Since the publication of Maine's Ancient Law in 1861 social anthropological studies have been prolific. The basic intellectual and investigative interest of these social anthropologists was and continues to be the social, political, and cultural organization of preliterate societies in their benign state of primitivity. Indeed, it might be said that the anthropologist created the savage, the barbarian, and the primitive and their state as an object of intellectual inquiry through fieldwork. Most of these studies conducted within the framework of what Owusu calls “structual-functional empiricism” were not exactly law-centered. Whatever glimpses of the legal system one could obtain was by accident. Law was merely part of a functioning, coherent, and consistent totality; part of the jigsaw puzzle of the primitive reality.Subsequent legal anthropological works clearly fell into two categories: those that thought that primitive societies did not have law and others that thought that they did. Those of the first group have viewed small-scale societies from the monocles of western jurisprudence, expecting to find a system of rules emanating from an authoritative source in a hierarchically-organized political system with government, courts, and a law-enforcement mechanism backed by coercive physical sanctions. Viewed from this perspective they not surprisingly found what they considered to be a pattern of “statelessness,” lawlessness, anarchy, and notions of justice and remedy based upon the principle of self-help or the law of the claw and the fang. Critics of colonialism and anthropology suggest that this characterization of the expectations of the colonial anthropologist might be a serious misrepresentation of their true expectations. The colonialist needed the anthropologist to provide the methods by which colonialism could be most effective. The anthropologist on the other hand created the savage and his state of statelessness, lawlessness, and self-help to provide a rational basis for colonialist subjugation and exploitation of the savage.

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