Hormonal augmentation of fertility in sheep: I. Induction of ovulation, superovulation and heat in sheep

1942 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hammond ◽  
J. Hammond ◽  
A. S. Parkes
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Sexual Receptivity ◽  
Pituitary Extract ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Induction Of Ovulation

1. Gonadotrophic extracts of horse-pituitary gland, of pregnant mare serum and of urine of pregnant women, as well as oestrogenic substances, will induce ovulation in anoestrous sheep. The number of ova shed is apparently independent of the dosage given and lies within the normal range.2. The oestrogens probably act by evoking ovulation-producing activity on the part of the animal's own pituitary gland, and it is likely that the gonadotrophins also initiate the same chain of events by causing oestrogen secretion by the ovary.3. Oestrogens induce heat in the anoestrous sheep, but horse-pituitary extract and P.M.S. evoked sexual receptivity only in animals having a regressing corpus luteum. In the absence of a corpus luteum, ovulation occurs without heat, while the presence of an active corpus luteum usually suppresses both ovulation and heat.4. Administration of horse pituitary a few days before the corpus luteum is due to regress results in superovulation at the succeeding heat, as many as twelve simultaneous ovulations having been obtained under these conditions.

The endocrine system and vomiting in pregnant women

1926 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1296-1296
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Posterior Pituitary ◽  
Posterior Pituitary Lobe

The author notes in hyperemesis a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism and depletion of the liver in glycogen, which, in his opinion, is due to increased secretion of the posterior pituitary lobe. Normally, this secretion is regulated by hormones of the mammary gland, placenta, and corpus luteum. If these hormones are insufficient, hyperfunction of the pituitary gland with its consequences occurs.

EFFECTS OF CLOMIPHENE ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION IN THE RAT

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somnath Roy ◽  
Virendra B. Mahesh ◽  
Robert B. Greenblatt
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Induction Of Ovulation ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Immature Rats

ABSTRACT The uptake of intravenously administered tritiated oestradiol by the uterus and pituitary gland of untreated, as well as clomiphene pretreated immature rats was studied to elucidate the nature of the antioestrogenic action of clomiphene. The results indicate that this agent competes with the natural oestrogen for the receptor sites in the uterus and pituitary gland and prevents the entry of oestrogen to and probably displaces it from the receptor sites. The significance of these observations with respect to the ability of clomiphene for the induction of ovulation in anovulatory women is discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of hydration with oral water on nonstress test in a hospital, Turkey: a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeter Şener ◽  
Hüseyin Aksoy ◽  
Mürüvvet Başer
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Study Intervention

PurposeThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of hydration with oral water on non-stress test (NST).Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted as single-blinded and randomized controlled. Healthy and outpatient 32- to 40-week pregnant women who were aged 19 and older were included in the study. Intervention group pregnant women (n = 66) drank 500 ccs of water before the NST, and no attempt was made to the control group (n = 66). The NST parameters of the groups with fetal heart rate (FHR), variability, acceleration, deceleration, reactivity and nonreactivity were evaluated.FindingsBoth groups were found to be similar in terms of their descriptive characteristics and variables related to pregnancy (p > 0.05). The median FHR was 130.0 in the intervention group, 140.0 in the control group (p < 0.001), and the median number of the acceleration was 6.0 in the intervention group and 4.0 in the control group (p < 0.001). In terms of the median number of decelerations, the groups were similar (p > 0.05).Originality/valueIt was found that hydration with oral water had an effect on NST parameters of FHR and the number of accelerations. However, it was observed that the FHR was within the normal range in both groups. It was thought that it tended to increase the number of accelerations.

Assessment of normal range of thyroid function tests in healthy Egyptian pregnant women

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
NagwaRoshdy Mohamed ◽  
NerminAhmed Sheriba ◽  
NesmaAli Ibrahim ◽  
AhmedMagdy Hegab
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Function Tests

Degradation of Insulin-I131 by an Extract of Anterior Pituitary Gland

1958 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Narahara ◽  
R. H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Incubation Mixture ◽  
Pituitary Extract ◽  
Insulin Molecule

When insulin-I131 was incubated at 37°C and pH 7.5 with an extract of beef anterior pituitary, the radioactive material was rendered more soluble in trichloroacetic acid (TCA). Electrophoretic analysis of the TCA-soluble reaction product revealed that it was not free iodide. The concept that pituitary extract might contain a system capable of attacking the insulin molecule was strengthened by the observation that the addition of nonlabeled insulin to the incubation mixture decreased the rate of degradation of insulin-I131. The degradative system of beef anterior pituitary extract was found to be nondialyzable and heat-labile. The degradation of insulin by pituitary extracts may help to explain the observation of other workers that such extracts can inactivate insulin in vitro.

A note on the induction of ovulation in lactating red deer hinds prior to the breeding season

1989 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Fisher ◽  
P. F. Fennessy ◽  
G. H. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Osmotic Pump ◽  
Induction Of Ovulation ◽  
Induced Ovulation ◽  
Pre Treatment

Methods of inducing ovulation 3 weeks prior to the onset of the breeding season were evaluated in lactating adult red deer. Following 11 days of intravaginal progesterone pre treatment, hinds were either untreated (control), or given 300 i.u. PMSG i.m. or 500 mglh GnRH s.c. by osmotic pump. All hinds were laparoscoped 7 days after progesterone withdrawal to record the presence or absence of a corpus luteum on the ovaries, Laparoscopy showed 0113 control, 11113 PMSG and 8/13 GnRH-treated hinds ovulated indicating that during lactation, both methods of inducing ovulation are similarly effective, However, although these treatments induced ovulation, fertility as assessed from calving records, was poor.

scholarly journals Electrocardiographic Changes during Normal Pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 035-038
Author(s):  
Beeram Sumalatha ◽  
Maddury Jyotsna ◽  
Garre Indrani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Cardiovascular Changes ◽  
Pr Interval ◽  
Qrs Duration ◽  
The Mean

Background Pregnancy is a physiologic condition which is unique in that it alters the physiology of each organ in the body. Cardiovascular changes during pregnancy are significant and start at 6 to 8 weeks of gestation. Physiologic cardiovascular changes during pregnancy suggest the chance of altered electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters during pregnancy. Study of variations in ECG in normal pregnant women serves as a basis to detect pathologic changes in pregnant women. Material and Methods This is a cross-sectional data of case series of pregnant women across all stages of gestation who attended antenatal clinic of our teaching hospital, on Women's Day (March 8, 2017). A 12-lead ECG was recorded in all the participants in supine position. The parameters noted from the ECG include heart rate, PR interval, QRS duration, QRS axis, corrected QT (QTc) interval, and ST-T changes. Results Total 151 pregnant women were studied. The average age was 23.38 ± 3.49 years. With respect to gestational age, 12 (7.94%), 48 (31.78%), and 91 (60.26%) women were in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy, respectively. With respect to parity, 60 (39.7%) were primigravidae and 91 (60.26%) were multigravidae. The mean ECG heart rate was increased (100.15 ± 12.48 beats/min). The mean systolic blood pressure (109.67 ± 9.34 mm Hg) and the mean diastolic blood pressure (71.32 ± 6.89 mm Hg) were decreased. The mean of ECG intervals and durations (PR, QRS, QTc) were in normal range (0.14 ± 0.01, 0.08 ± 0.008, and 407.83 ± 11.98, respectively). There was no abnormal P-wave dispersion. Even though the QTc was in normal range in 63.56% of pregnant women, this parameter was in upper quadrant of the normal range. General linear regression demonstrated that systolic blood pressure and palpitations were the only variables to independently predict QTc in upper quadrant of normal range (p = 0.05, 0.03, respectively). Conclusion The cardiovascular hemodynamic adaptation to pregnancy is a well-established fact that is also seen in our study. There is shortening of PR interval and QRS duration. Even though QTc is with in normal range, in more than half (63.56%) of pregnant women, it is in the upper quadrant of the normal range.

scholarly journals The induction of ovulation in the rabbit, by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamo-hypophysial mechanism

1937 ◽  
Vol 122 (828) ◽  
pp. 374-394 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Present Position ◽  
Nervous Stimulation ◽  
Gonadotropic Hormone ◽  
Genital Region ◽  
Induction Of Ovulation ◽  
Hormonal Factor ◽  
Stimulation Of

In two recent papers, by Marshall and Verney (1936), and by Harris (1936), the mechanism concerned with ovulation in the rabbit has been fully discussed. In view of this, only a brief summary of the present position will be given here. Ovulation in the rabbit occurs normally only after some form of sexual excitement. There is much evidence to show that the factors involved are: first, a nervous stimulation from the genital region and perhaps from the cortex, acting on the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; and secondly, a hormonal factor, the pituitary gland secreting a gonadotropic hormone which affects the ovaries.

THE MECHANISM OF THE INDUCTION OF OVULATION BY OESTROGENS

1965 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. DÖCKE ◽  
G. DÖRNER
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Hypothalamus ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Main Site ◽  
Induction Of Ovulation ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Electrolytic Lesions

SUMMARY To study the positive feed-back mechanism by which oestrogen induces corpus luteum formation, electrolytic lesions were placed in different parts of the anterior hypothalamus of prepubertal female rats which were then injected with oestradiol benzoate. Ovarian luteinization did not occur when the main parts of the suprachiasmatic nuclei or of the medial preoptic area had been destroyed. Oestradiol benzoate was implanted stereotaxically into the brain and the anterior pituitary of immature female rats. Whereas 1/25 of the subcutaneously effective dose had to be implanted into the anterior hypothalamus, 1/100 of the peripherally effective dose introduced into the adenohypophysis was sufficient to induce corpus luteum formation in most of the treated animals. The results suggest that, although the anterior hypothalamus is necessary for this positive feed-back mechanism, the anterior pituitary may be the main site of action of oestrogen. Oestrogen may increase the hypophysial sensitivity to the hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing factor. Thus an enhanced gonadotrophin secretion may result, sufficient for the induction of ovulation. The possibility is discussed that this positive feed-back mechanism is also essential for the induction of ovulation in women.

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