Quantitative inheritance of leaf morphological traits in upland cotton

2008 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. HAO ◽  
S. X. YU ◽  
Z. D. DONG ◽  
S. L. FAN ◽  
Q. X. MA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upland Cotton ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Morphological Trait ◽  
Dominance Model ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Leaf Morphological Trait ◽  
Leaf Morphological Traits

SUMMARYGenetic manipulation of leaf architecture may be a useful breeding objective in cotton (Gossypiumspp.). The present study reports quantitative genetic analysis of leaf traits from two intraspecific crosses of inbred lines in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) viz. Kang3×Chaoji463 and Han109×Ji98. Six leaf morphological traits (leaf area (LA), leaf perimeter (LP), main lobe length (LL) and width (LW), petiole length (PL), and main LL/LW ratio) were recorded from multiple generations (P1, F1, P2, BC1, BC2, and F2) in the two crosses. Generation mean analyses were conducted to explain the inheritance of each leaf morphological trait. The six-parameter model showed a better fit to an additive-dominance model for LA, main LW, PL, and main LL/LW ratio in the two crosses, suggesting the relative importance of epistatic effects controlling leaf morphology. A simple additive-dominance model accounted for the genetic variation of the main LL in the Kang3×Chaoji463 cross. Different models were selected as appropriate to explain LP in the two crosses. The differences between broad- and narrow-sense heritability values for the same trait were not constant in the two crosses. The estimated minimum number of genes controlling each leaf morphological trait ranged from 0 to 2 for both the crosses. Moreover, the sums of the minimum number of genes controlling leaf morphology were 6 and 2 in the Kang3×Chaoji463 and Han109×Ji98 populations, respectively. Most data suggested that there existed a substantial opportunity to breed cottons that transgress the present range of leaf phenotypes found.

scholarly journals Variation and Genetic Parameters of Leaf Morphological Traits of Eight Families from Populus simonii × P. nigra

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1319
Author(s):  
Jingshan Ren ◽  
Xinyue Ji ◽  
Changhai Wang ◽  
Jianjun Hu ◽  
Giuseppe Nervo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Variation Coefficient ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Leaf Morphological Traits

Leaf morphology in Populus L. varies extensively among sections, species and clones under strong genetic control. P. nigra L. (section Aigeiros), with large and triangular leaves, is a commercial forest tree of economic importance for fast growth and high yield in Europe. P. simonii Carr. (section Tacamahaca) with small land rhomboid ovate leaves performs cold and dry resistance/tolerance in the semi-arid region of Northern China. Leaf morphological traits could be used as early indicators to improve the efficiency of selection. In order to investigate the genetic variation pattern of leaf morphology traits, estimate breeding values (combining ability), as well as evaluate crossing combinations of parents, 1872 intersectional progenies from eight families (P. simonii × P. nigra) and their parents were planted with cuttings for the clonal replicate field trial in Northern China. Four leaf size traits (area, perimeter, length, width) and roundness were measured with leaf samples from the 1-year-old clonal plantation. Significant differences regarding leaf traits were found between and among three female clones of P. simonii from Inner Mongolia, China and six male clones of P. nigra from Casale Monferrato, Italy. The genetic variation coefficient, heritability and genetic variance component of most traits in male parents were greater than these of female parents. Heritability estimates of male and female parents were above 0.56 and 0.17, respectively. Plentiful leaf variations with normal and continuous distributions exited in the hybrid progenies among and within families with the genetic variation coefficient and heritability above 28.49 and 0.24, respectively. Heritability estimates showed that leaf area was the most heritable trait, followed by leaf width. The breeding value ranking of parents allowed us to select the parental clones for new crosses and extend the mating design. Two male parental clones (N430 and N429) had greater breeding values (general combining ability, GCA) of leaf size traits than other clones. The special combining ability (SCA) of the crossing combination between P. simonii cl. ZL-3 and P. nigra cl. N430 was greater than that of others. Eight putatively superior genotypes, most combined with the female parental clone ZL-3, can be selected for future testing under near-commercial conditions. Significant genetic and phenotypic correlations were found between five leaf morphology traits with the coefficients above 0.9, except for leaf roundness. The results showed that leaf morphology traits were under strong genetic control and the parental clones with high GCA and SCA effects could be utilized in heterosis breeding, which will provide a starting point for devising a new selection strategy of parents and progenies.

scholarly journals Morphological Traits Among the Enset (Ensete Ventricosum) Landraces and Cultural Use of the Landraces for the Livelihood of People in Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wondimagegnehu Tekalign ◽  
Newarinesh Feleke
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Morphological Trait ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cluster Number ◽  
Ensete Ventricosum

Abstract BackgroundEnsete ventricosum is an important food crop consumed in the form of Bulla and Kocho mainly used in the southern parts of Ethiopia for their sustainable livelihood and ensuring food security. Besides, it is used as animal feed, as well as a source of medicine and fiber. This study was undertaken on the morphological traits among the Enset (Ensete ventricosum) landraces and cultural use of the landraces for the livelihood of people in Mareka woreda, Dawro zone, southern Ethiopia. The study was carried out in purposively selected four kebeles of Mareka district’s Dawro zone.ResultsA total of 145 (20 purposively selected key informants and 125 randomly selected respondents) were interviewed using semi-structured interviews, and field observation was also used to collect ethnobotanical data. The morphological traits were measured according to IBPGR (International Board for Plant Genetic Resources) descriptors for Enset. The data were analyzed by using computer software SPSS v 16.0 as well as Excel 2010 spreadsheet. A total of 33 Enset landraces were identified from the study area. Farmers gave the name for their landraces based on the morphological trait and sources of planting material. Identified landraces were grouped into five clusters based on their morphological trait variability. Mean plant height, pseudostem height, and circumference, leaf size, and numbers have significant differences among clusters. Cluster number five had the highest mean in plant height, pseudostem height, and circumference and cluster number three had the lowest mean. The highest landrace richness was recorded from Ocha (3.18) while the lowest was from Guta (2.56). The most abundant landraces were Amiya, Hoeya, Boza, Yaka, Bothena, Ontha, Adinona, Shasha, and Keteriya in the Mareka district.ConclusionsThis study confirmed that the Dawro zone is rich in diversity of Enset, however, reduction in production and loss of some landraces was observed because of different factors. Therefore, attention must be given to the conservation and maintenances of Enset landraces by all the concerned bodies.

Leaf damage by Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its relation to leaf morphological traits in maize landraces and commercial cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
Luis F. Conceição dos Santos ◽  
Esaú Ruiz-Sánchez ◽  
Rubén H. Andueza-Noh ◽  
René Garruña-Hernández ◽  
Luis Latournerie-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Maize Landraces ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Leaf Morphological Traits

Environmental pressure rather than ongoing hybridization is responsible for an altitudinal cline in the morphologies of two oaks

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-422
Author(s):  
Ichiro Tamaki ◽  
Yae Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Contact Zone ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Environmental Pressure ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite

Abstract Aims In a contact zone between related taxa, phenotypic variation can result from genetic and/or environmental gradients. This study aimed to clarify the cause of phenotypic variation in leaf morphology of two Quercus crispula varieties—crispula (QCC) and mongolicoides (QCM)—in their contact zone along an altitudinal gradient. Methods We measured 6 morphological traits of leaves and recorded genotypes of 13 nuclear microsatellite loci for 48 individuals in the contact zone and 24 individuals in each of the reference populations of QCC and QCM. We constructed a model explaining the phenotypic variation (leaf morphology) in relation to environmental (altitude) and genetic (ancestry from the reference population) gradients. Important Findings Both morphological and genetic markers distinguished the two varieties in the reference populations well. We were able to confirm the power of both morphological and genetic markers. Individuals within the contact zone population had intermediate ancestry that was slightly biased to QCM ancestry, and the distribution of their morphologies overlapped with those of the two varieties in the reference populations. The effect of altitude on leaf morphological traits was significant, while that of ancestry was not. Distributions of ancestry and interclass heterozygosity in the contact zone population resembled those in F2 or later generation hybrids. These results indicate that in the contact zone between QCC and QCM, there is no ongoing hybridization, but environmental pressure has created an altitudinal gradient in morphological traits through phenotypic plasticity and/or variation in functional genes.

scholarly journals Morphological and Biochemical Constituents Influencing Aphids and Whiteflies Tolerance in Tomato Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-489
Author(s):  
BC Anu ◽  
T Saha ◽  
S Akhtar ◽  
K Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Biochemical Constituents ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Minimum Number

Effects of morphological and biochemical constituents on the population of sucking insect pests infesting tomato plant were evaluated. Among the twenty genotypes evaluated under field condition at different seasons (summer, kharif, rabi), it revealed that the genotypes namely BRDT-1, EC 620421, Solanum peruvianum, EC 538455 and S. cheesmaniae had minimum number of aphid and whitefly population throughout all the three seasons due to their morphological traits like more trichome density and thick stem diameter as well as the presence of biochemical attributes like phenol and tannins which were present in those genotypes at higher concentration. The higher content of leaf chlorophyll had resistance effect against the population of aphid and whitefly, while total sugar content did not have any significant effect on resistance. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 483-489, 2021 (September)

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