scholarly journals Variation and Genetic Parameters of Leaf Morphological Traits of Eight Families from Populus simonii × P. nigra

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1319
Author(s):  
Jingshan Ren ◽  
Xinyue Ji ◽  
Changhai Wang ◽  
Jianjun Hu ◽  
Giuseppe Nervo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Variation Coefficient ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Leaf Morphological Traits

Leaf morphology in Populus L. varies extensively among sections, species and clones under strong genetic control. P. nigra L. (section Aigeiros), with large and triangular leaves, is a commercial forest tree of economic importance for fast growth and high yield in Europe. P. simonii Carr. (section Tacamahaca) with small land rhomboid ovate leaves performs cold and dry resistance/tolerance in the semi-arid region of Northern China. Leaf morphological traits could be used as early indicators to improve the efficiency of selection. In order to investigate the genetic variation pattern of leaf morphology traits, estimate breeding values (combining ability), as well as evaluate crossing combinations of parents, 1872 intersectional progenies from eight families (P. simonii × P. nigra) and their parents were planted with cuttings for the clonal replicate field trial in Northern China. Four leaf size traits (area, perimeter, length, width) and roundness were measured with leaf samples from the 1-year-old clonal plantation. Significant differences regarding leaf traits were found between and among three female clones of P. simonii from Inner Mongolia, China and six male clones of P. nigra from Casale Monferrato, Italy. The genetic variation coefficient, heritability and genetic variance component of most traits in male parents were greater than these of female parents. Heritability estimates of male and female parents were above 0.56 and 0.17, respectively. Plentiful leaf variations with normal and continuous distributions exited in the hybrid progenies among and within families with the genetic variation coefficient and heritability above 28.49 and 0.24, respectively. Heritability estimates showed that leaf area was the most heritable trait, followed by leaf width. The breeding value ranking of parents allowed us to select the parental clones for new crosses and extend the mating design. Two male parental clones (N430 and N429) had greater breeding values (general combining ability, GCA) of leaf size traits than other clones. The special combining ability (SCA) of the crossing combination between P. simonii cl. ZL-3 and P. nigra cl. N430 was greater than that of others. Eight putatively superior genotypes, most combined with the female parental clone ZL-3, can be selected for future testing under near-commercial conditions. Significant genetic and phenotypic correlations were found between five leaf morphology traits with the coefficients above 0.9, except for leaf roundness. The results showed that leaf morphology traits were under strong genetic control and the parental clones with high GCA and SCA effects could be utilized in heterosis breeding, which will provide a starting point for devising a new selection strategy of parents and progenies.

Combining ability analysis of fruit yield and morphological traits in greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Golabadi ◽  
Pooran Golkar ◽  
Abdolreza Eghtedary
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Combining Ability Analysis ◽  
Greenhouse Cucumber

Golabadi, M., Golkar, P. and Eghtedary, A.-R. 2015. Combining ability analysis of fruit yield and morphological traits in greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 377–385. Knowledge about the genetic control of the different quantitative characters related to fruit yield and its components is still insufficient in greenhouse cucumbers. This information is useful in planning breeding programs in this economically important crop. In this study, the genetics of morphological traits and fruit yield was investigated using a 9×9 full diallel population of cucumbers for the greenhouse market. Data were collected on internode length, leaf length, leaf width, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of fruits per plant, yield per fruit and yield per plant. Variance components showed that both the additive and the dominant gene effects played significant roles in the genetic control of the traits studied. Genetic control of internode length, leaf width and number of fruits per plant was accomplished by additive effects. The significant mean squares of reciprocal crosses for all of the studied traits suggested that maternal inheritance also played an important role in the inheritance of these traits. Significant general combining ability for fruit yield revealed that both selection and hybridization methods would lead to desirable genetic improvements in cucumber through accumulation of desirable alleles from parents in the target genotype, but that hybridization would be preferred.

scholarly journals Natural genetic variation underlying tiller development in barley (Hordeum vulgareL)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison M. Haaning ◽  
Kevin P. Smith ◽  
Gina L. Brown-Guedira ◽  
Shiaoman Chao ◽  
Priyanka Tyagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Natural Genetic Variation ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Lateral Branches

ABSTRACTIn barley (Hordeum vulgareL.), lateral branches called tillers contribute to grain yield and define shoot architecture, but genetic control of tiller number and developmental rate are not well characterized. The primary objectives of this work were to examine relationships between tiller number and other agronomic and morphological traits and identify natural genetic variation associated with tiller number and rate, and related traits. We grew 768 lines from the USDA National Small Grain Core Collection in the field and collected data over two years for tiller number and rate, and agronomic and morphological traits. Our results confirmed that spike row-type and days to heading are correlated with tiller number, and as much as 28% of tiller number variance is attributed to these traits. In addition, negative correlations between tiller number and leaf width and stem diameter were observed, indicating trade-offs between tiller development and other vegetative growth. Thirty-three quantitative trait loci (QTL) were associated with tiller number or rate. Of these, 40% overlapped QTL associated with days to heading and 22% overlapped QTL associated with spike row-type, further supporting that tiller development is influenced by these traits. Despite this, some QTL associated with tiller number or rate, including the major QTL on chromosome 3H, were not associated with any other traits, suggesting that tiller number can be modified independently of other important agronomic traits. These results enhance our knowledge of the genetic control of tiller development in barley, which is important for optimizing tiller number and rate for yield improvement.

Quantitative inheritance of leaf morphological traits in upland cotton

2008 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. HAO ◽  
S. X. YU ◽  
Z. D. DONG ◽  
S. L. FAN ◽  
Q. X. MA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upland Cotton ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Morphological Trait ◽  
Dominance Model ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Leaf Morphological Trait ◽  
Leaf Morphological Traits

SUMMARYGenetic manipulation of leaf architecture may be a useful breeding objective in cotton (Gossypiumspp.). The present study reports quantitative genetic analysis of leaf traits from two intraspecific crosses of inbred lines in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) viz. Kang3×Chaoji463 and Han109×Ji98. Six leaf morphological traits (leaf area (LA), leaf perimeter (LP), main lobe length (LL) and width (LW), petiole length (PL), and main LL/LW ratio) were recorded from multiple generations (P1, F1, P2, BC1, BC2, and F2) in the two crosses. Generation mean analyses were conducted to explain the inheritance of each leaf morphological trait. The six-parameter model showed a better fit to an additive-dominance model for LA, main LW, PL, and main LL/LW ratio in the two crosses, suggesting the relative importance of epistatic effects controlling leaf morphology. A simple additive-dominance model accounted for the genetic variation of the main LL in the Kang3×Chaoji463 cross. Different models were selected as appropriate to explain LP in the two crosses. The differences between broad- and narrow-sense heritability values for the same trait were not constant in the two crosses. The estimated minimum number of genes controlling each leaf morphological trait ranged from 0 to 2 for both the crosses. Moreover, the sums of the minimum number of genes controlling leaf morphology were 6 and 2 in the Kang3×Chaoji463 and Han109×Ji98 populations, respectively. Most data suggested that there existed a substantial opportunity to breed cottons that transgress the present range of leaf phenotypes found.

scholarly journals Natural Genetic Variation Underlying Tiller Development in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1197-1212
Author(s):  
Allison M. Haaning ◽  
Kevin P. Smith ◽  
Gina L. Brown-Guedira ◽  
Shiaoman Chao ◽  
Priyanka Tyagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Natural Genetic Variation ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Days To Heading

In barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), lateral branches called tillers contribute to grain yield and define shoot architecture, but genetic control of tiller number and developmental rate are not well characterized. The primary objectives of this work were to examine relationships between tiller number and other agronomic and morphological traits and identify natural genetic variation associated with tiller number and rate, and related traits. We grew 768 lines from the USDA National Small Grain Collection in the field and collected data over two years for tiller number and rate, and agronomic and morphological traits. Our results confirmed that spike row-type and days to heading are correlated with tiller number, and as much as 28% of tiller number variance was associated with these traits. In addition, negative correlations between tiller number and leaf width and stem diameter were observed, indicating trade-offs between tiller development and other vegetative growth. Thirty-three quantitative trait loci (QTL) were associated with tiller number or rate. Of these, 40% overlapped QTL associated with days to heading and 22% overlapped QTL associated with spike row-type, further supporting that tiller development is associated with these traits. Some QTL associated with tiller number or rate, including the major QTL on chromosome 3H, were not associated with other traits, suggesting that some QTL may be directly related to rate of tiller development or axillary bud number. These results enhance our knowledge of the genetic control of tiller development in barley, which is important for optimizing tiller number and rate for yield improvement.

scholarly journals Line × Tester Analysis for Morphological and Fruit Biochemical Traits in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Using Wild Relatives as Testers

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
Positive Heterosis

Wild relatives of eggplant are commonly exploited for eggplant improvement, but the genetic improvement relies on the information of the genetic basis of inheritance of traits. In this study, two eggplant lines, one with oriental and another with occidental cytoplasm, were crossed with four testers representing three wild species, namely, Solanum insanum, S.anguivi, and S. lichtensteinii. The Line × Tester cross produced a total of eight interspecific hybrids. Parents and their hybrids were evaluated for 3 biochemical, 12 morphological, and 8 Tomato Analyzer-based descriptors. A significant amount of variation was noticed for all 23 traits studied. The higher values for the specific combining ability (SCA) component were determined as compared to the general combining ability (GCA) component. The testers were more significant for most of the traits than the cultivated varieties. Positive heterosis was determined for the 12 characteristics and negative heterosis for the 11 attributes. Overall, S.anguivi, and S. lichtensteinii were better for the biochemical traits’ improvement, whereas S. insanum was a better tester for the morphological traits.

Combining ability for aluminium tolerance in triticale

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. G. ZHANG ◽  
R. S. JESSOP ◽  
F. ELLISON
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Aluminium Tolerance ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
Polygenic System

Root re-growth, following aluminium (Al) stress, has been used as an indicator of Al stress tolerance. Genetic variation in root re-growth characteristics among eight triticale genotypes was investigated by a diallel analysis. Highly significant variation due to both general combining ability (GCA) effects and specific combining ability (SCA) effects indicated that both additive effects and non-additive effects were important in explaining the genetic variation for Al tolerance. The high estimates of heritability and the predictability ratio for root re-growth revealed the preponderance of additive genetic variance in the inheritance of Al tolerance. Differences in patterns of GCA effects and SCA effects among the parents provided strong evidence that the genetic control of variation for Al tolerance as assessed by root re-growth was a complex polygenic system. Three Al-tolerant genotypes, Tahara, Abacus, and 19th ITSN 70–4, were found to be the best general combiners for larger root re-growth, and they could be used in hybridization programmes to improve Al stress tolerance by following a simple pedigree method of selective breeding.

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