Evaluation of crude hydatid cyst fluid antigens for the serological diagnosis of hydatidosis in cattle

AbstractEchinococcosis is a zoonotic infection caused by adult or larval (metacestode) stages of cestodes belonging to the genusEchinococcus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antigenic ability of hydatid cyst fluid antigen for the diagnosis of hydatidosis in cattle using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect haemagglutination test (IHA). The source of the antigens for the serological tests was fertile crude cyst fluids collected from naturally infected sheep at the Addis Ababa abattoir. A total of 502 sera were collected from 329 uninfected cattle and 173 hydatid-infected cattle which were confirmed by post-mortem examination. Most cysts were sterile and multiple organ infection predominated. Of 173 infected cattle, 166 (96.0%; confidence interval (CI) 91.8–98.4) were positive using ELISA while 7 (4.0%) were negative. Of 329 sera from uninfected cattle, 274 (83.3%; CI 78.8–87.2) were found to be negative and the remaining 55 (16.7%) were positive by ELISA. Of 173 infected cattle, 151 (87.3%; CI 81.4–91.9) were positive and 22 (12.7%) were negative by IHA. Of 329 negative sera tested using IHA, 266 (80.9%; CI 76.2–85.0) were negative and the remaining 63 (19.1%) were positive. The false positive and negative values of ELISA were 4.0 and 16.7%, respectively, and the corresponding values of IHA were 12.7 and 19.1%. The sensitivity and diagnostic efficiency of IHA were 87.2 and 83.6%, respectively. Crude hydatid cyst fluid antigen seems to have reasonable antigenic properties and hence could be employed for epidemiological surveillance of cattle hydatidosis.

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Usefulness of Hydatid Cyst Fluid of Echinococcus granulosus Developed in Mice with Secondary Infection for Serodiagnosis of Cystic Echinococcosis in Humans

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cdli.9.3.573-576.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 573-576 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wulamu Mamuti ◽

Hiroshi Yamasaki ◽

Yasuhito Sako ◽

Kazuhiro Nakaya ◽

Minoru Nakao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydatid Cyst ◽

Echinococcus Granulosus ◽

Host Species ◽

Cystic Echinococcosis ◽

False Positive ◽

Secondary Infection ◽

Cyst Fluid ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Tissue Homogenates ◽

Hydatid Cyst Fluid

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to assess the usefulness of hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) of Echinococcus granulosus, obtained from mice experimentally infected with hydatid cyst tissue homogenates, for the serodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in humans. The sensitivity and specificity of HCF obtained from mice for the detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in the sera of CE patients were compared with those of HCF from sheep and/or from a human CE patient by using immunoblotting (IB) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HCFs obtained from three different host species all were highly useful for immunoblotting, and sera from 19 (95%) of 20 CE patients equally recognized the antigen B subunit (approximately 8 kDa). HCF from mice showed a cross-reaction with 9 of 20 alveolar echinococcosis (AE) sera (45%), whereas HCFs from two other host species cross-reacted with 14 of the AE sera (70%). Although 2 (10%) of 20 sera from neurocysticercosis (NCC) patients were false positive with HCF from both sheep and humans, none of these sera showed a positive reaction with HCF from mouse origin. ELISAs with HCFs from both mouse and sheep origins detected all 20 CE and AE sera; however, these ELISAs showed 45% (9 of 20) and 60% (12 of 20) false-positive reactions with 20 NCC sera, respectively. The presence of nonspecific human IgG in HCF obtained from a CE patient prevented us from applying it to the ELISA. HCF of E. granulosus, obtained from laboratory mice with a secondary infection with hydatid cyst tissue homogenates, appears to be highly useful for the serodiagnosis of CE in humans and may be useful in domestic animals.

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Immunological detection of human and camel cystic echinococcosis using different antigens of hydatid cyst fluid, protoscoleces, and germinal layers

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2021.270-275 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 270-275

Author(s):

Mohey A. Hassanain ◽

Nagwa I. Toaleb ◽

Raafat M. Shaapan ◽

Nawal A. Hassanain ◽

Ahmed Maher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydatid Cyst ◽

Cystic Echinococcosis ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Liver Cyst ◽

Cyst Fluid ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Immunological Study ◽

Immunological Diagnosis ◽

Human Sera ◽

Hydatid Cyst Fluid

Background and Aim: Cystic echinococcosis (CE)/hydatidosis is one of the most prevalent neglected zoonotic diseases. It is initially asymptomatic and does not produce any clinical signs until the cyst becomes enlarged, causing localized pressure on internal organs and tissues. Therefore, the detection of Echinococcus granulosus antibodies is highly essential. This study evaluated the antigens of hydatid cyst fluid, protoscoleces, and germinal layers for efficient immunological diagnosis of CE in humans and camels. Materials and Methods: Hydatid cyst fluid (FLc), protoscoleces (Psc), and the germinal layer (GLc) antigens were prepared from camel-lung hydatid cysts. In the same way, hydatid cyst fluid (FLh) and protoscoleces (Psh) antigens from human-liver cyst aspirate were produced. The comparative immunodiagnostic efficacy of the prepared antigens was verified using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), SDS-PAGE, and immunoblotting. Results: ELISA proves that FLc and GLc antigens were higher than FLh and Psh antigens. This shows that binding reactivity in naturally infected human sera, camel sera, and Psc is the most potent, exhibiting 100% sensitivity with 78.26% and 76.47% specificity in camel and human sera, respectively. The CE prevalence using diagnostic Psc was 54.79% and 61.32% in tested human and camel sera, respectively. The electrophoretic profiles of all shared antigens showed similarities at 52, 41, and 22 kDa. Immunoblotting demonstrated common immune-reactive bands in all antigen types at 52 and 41 kDa against positive human and camel sera. Conclusion: This immunological study introduces camel hydatid cyst Psc as a potent diagnostic antigen and new immune-reactive fractions of 52 and 41 kDa for diagnosing hydatidosis in humans and camels.

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Diagnostic value of semi-purified antigens of hydatid cyst fluid in human cystic echinococcosis

Acta Parasitologica ◽

10.1515/ap-2016-0019 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Wissal Iraqi

Keyword(s):

Western Blot ◽

Hydatid Cyst ◽

Larval Stage ◽

Cystic Echinococcosis ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Cyst Fluid ◽

Serological Tests ◽

Blot Technique ◽

Human Cystic Echinococcosis ◽

Hydatid Cyst Fluid

AbstractCystic Echinococcosis (CE) is an infection caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. The diagnosis of this disease has been problematic. Serological tests detecting antibodies against E. granulosus are the most popular and mainly use the crude Hydatid Cyst Fluid (HCF) or its components, Ag 5 and B. However, the diagnostic value of these tests is limited by the problems of specificity and/or sensitivity. The use of purified HCF antigens could be more helpful in the serodiagnosis of CE compared to the whole HCF. In the present study, we have evaluated the diagnostic value of semi-purified antigens using ELISA tests. Our results have shown that the 53 KDa antigen gave the best specificity (97.5%) and sensitivity (80%). We have also used Western Blot technique to analyze the serological profile against HCF. The results have confirmed that the most immunogenic component of HCF is the Ag 5.

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