scholarly journals A slide agglutination test for the exclusion and diagnosis of typhoid fever

1939 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Berger ◽  
G. Brecher
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Positive Result ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Serological Diagnosis ◽  
Agglutination Reaction ◽  
Negative Test ◽  
Slide Agglutination ◽  
Peculiar Behaviour ◽  
Slide Agglutination Test ◽  
Agglutination Method

A sensitive antigen suspension is described for use with a simple slide agglutination method which makes possible a serological diagnosis or exclusion of typhoid fever without recourse to a laboratory. The method has been tested on 414 sera sent to our laboratory; it detected all cases with a titre of 1: 80 or more, and most of those with a titre of 1: 40. The method was further tested on 130 clinically observed cases, in which it gave satisfactory results. The S. A. method gave a positive result with 98 out of 100 sera from patients with typhoid fever, whereas the classical Widal reaction gave a positive result with 68 of them only.The intensity and rapidity of the slide agglutination reaction provide a rough measure of the titre of a serum. A quick and distinct agglutination indicates a titre of 1: 80 or more and is diagnostic of typhoid fever. A slow and indistinct result is obtained when the titre of the serum is about 1: 40. A negative test indicates with great probablity that a diagnosis of typhoid fever may be excluded.We think the method succeeds because the nature of the suspension employed and the peculiar behaviour of slide agglutinations permit the detection of O agglutinins as well as H agglutinins.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Performance of Widal Slide Agglutination Test Compared to Blood Culture and Evaluation of Interferon Gamma Response in the Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Mujahid N.S. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Widal Test ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Slide Agglutination ◽  
Slide Agglutination Test ◽  
Interferon Gamma Response

Typhoid fever remains a public health challenge in developing countries including Nigeria. Widal test is widely used for the diagnosis of typhoid fever due to its simplicity and short turnaround time. However, the specificity of this test has been debated. The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of Widal test compared to blood culture and determine interferon gamma response among the study subjects. Blood samples were collected from 90 patients who complained of fever and other symptoms suggestive of typhoid fever. Widal slide agglutination test, automated blood culture and interferon gamma concentrations were conducted using rapid antibody detection kit, BACTEC and sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. Of the 90 samples tested, 63 (70.0%) were positive for anti-Typhi O antigen while 42 (46.7%) were positive for anti-Typhi H antigen. Similarly, 18 (20%) of the blood samples were non- S. Typhi culture positive while 72 (80%) had no bacteria isolated. None of the cases had S. Typhi positive culture. With regards to interferon gamma, subjects with lower levels of 15pg/mL had no bacteria isolated from their blood. As the interferon gamma concentration increased, more subjects had non- S. Typhi bacteria isolated from their blood which shows the relationship between interferon gamma and bacteraemia. The study demonstrated that the use of Widal serology test in the diagnosis of typhoid fever may be erroneous as all the samples were found to be negative for S. Typhi using the gold standard culture methods while Interferon gamma concentration was statistically related to the isolation of non- S. Typhi in blood culture as such, could be a good marker for the development of an alternative screening test, possibly an interferon gamma based detection system for typhoid fever. However, further research is recommended to elucidate that. Keywords: Typhoid, Widal test, Blood culture, Interferon gamma

A comparative study of the performance of the widal slide agglutination test and the typhidot immunoassay for the diagnosis of typhoid fever in the West Region of Cameroon.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ousenu Karimo ◽  
Innocent Mbulli Ali ◽  
Leonard Fonkeng Sama ◽  
Francois Marcel Nsangou Ndam ◽  
Thibau Florant Tchouangueu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Widal Test ◽  
Cohen’S Kappa ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Slide Agglutination ◽  
West Region ◽  
Cohen's Kappa ◽  
Slide Agglutination Test ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Background: The diagnosis of Typhoid fever, based on the Widal slide agglutination test, remains a major hurdle in developing countries like Cameroon due to varied perceptions of the value of the Widal test in determining clinical decision making. We undertook a study to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the Widal test and the typhidot immunoassay in patients suspected of having typhoid fever in the Menoua division, West Region of Cameroon. Methods: Blood and stool samples were collected from 558 consenting febrile patients on the basis of suspicion of typhoid fever. These patients attended three district health services of the Menoua division between April 2018 and September 2019. These patients had clinical symptoms suggestive of typhoid fever as determined by their consultant. Serum from whole blood was used for the Widal slide agglutination test and for the Typhidot rapid immunoassay test based on manufacturer’s guidelines. A composite reference of fever plus positive coproculture for Salmonella enteric serovars typhi and paratyphi was used as reference. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive values of the positive and negative tests were calculated as well as the Cohen’s Kappa for agreement between the two tests. Results: Of 558 patients, 12.90% tested positive for the reference method, 57.17% tested positive for the Widal slide agglutination test while 15.59% were positive for typhidot-IgM. The overall sensitivity, specificity, predictive values of the positive and negative tests were 80.56%, 94.03%, 66.6% and 97.03% respectively for typhidot-IgM; 94.44%, 48.35%, 21.32% and 98.33% for Widal slide agglutination test. The Cohen’s kappa estimates were 0.1660 (0.121-0.211), 0.386 (0.312-0.460) for Widal test and typhidot immunoassay respectively, with agreements of 53.76% and 76.16% respectively. Conclusion: The Widal test was found to have a lower predictive value for the diagnosis of typhoid fever in our setting. However, the Typhidot test, although better, was not ideal. Diagnosis of typhoid fever should therefore rely on adequate clinical suspicion and a positive Typhidot test to improve the clinical management of Typhoid fever in our setting.

THE WIDAL SLIDE AGGLUTINATION TEST, A VALUABLE RAPID DIAGNOSTIC TEST IN TYPHOID FEVER PATIENTS AT THE INFECTIOUS DISEASES HOSPITAL OF JAKARTA

1986 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 869-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN L. HOFFMAN ◽  
TIMOTHY P. FLANIGAN ◽  
DOUGLAS KLAUCKE ◽  
BUDHI LEKSANA ◽  
ROBERT C. ROCKHILL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Slide Agglutination ◽  
Slide Agglutination Test

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCE OF TWO WIDAL TEST TECHNIQUES WITH STOOL CULTURE IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF TYPHOID FEVER AT THE DSCHANG DISTRICT HOSPITAL, WEST CAMEROON

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-174
Author(s):  
CERGE KAMHOUA NATHEU ◽  
BRUNO PHÉLIX TELEFO
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
District Hospital ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Stool Culture ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Widal Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Slide Agglutination ◽  
Slide Agglutination Test

Objective: This study is aimed to compare the performance of two Widal test techniques with stool culture in the diagnosis of typhoid fever. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at the Dschang District Hospital in patients clinically suspected to have typhoid fever, whose stool was collected for stool culture. Furthermore, venous blood was collected and the serum was tested by both Widal slide agglutination test and Widal tube titration test. Results: The results showed that out of 750 participants include in the study, 325 (43.33%) were positive for Widal slide agglutination test, 174 (23.20%) for Widal tube titration test, and 159 (21.20%) for stool culture. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of Widal slide agglutination test with respect to stool culture were 97.48%, 71.23%, 47.69%, and 99.22%, respectively, but 100%, 97.46%, 91.37%, and 100% for the Widal tube titration test. With the stool culture, Widal slide agglutination test had a moderate agreement (kappa = 0.47), but Widal tube titration test had an absolute agreement (kappa = 0.94). Conclusion: Widal tube titration test should be used in place of Widal slide agglutination test in the diagnosis of typhoid fever in the case of limited access to stool culture test.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an indirect hemagglutination test for the diagnosis of human leptospirosis

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-221
Author(s):  
C R Sulzer ◽  
J W Glosser ◽  
F Rogers ◽  
W L Jones ◽  
M Frix
Keyword(s):  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Serological Diagnosis ◽  
Alcohol Extract ◽  
Slide Agglutination ◽  
Human Leptospirosis ◽  
Hemagglutination Test ◽  
Slide Agglutination Test ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination ◽  
Slide Test ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination Test

A presumptive hemagglutination test for the serological diagnosis of leptospirosis in humans is described. The antigen was prepared from a soluble alcohol extract of an andamana strain sorbed to human O-negative erythrocytes and preserved by pyruvic aldehyde fixation. In this study, the overall sensitivity of the hemagglutination test was 92% in contrast to 69% for the presumptive slide agglutination test. The specificity was 95% for the hemagglutination test in comparison with 83% for the slide test.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study of the Performance of the Widal Test and the Typhidot Immunoassay for Typhoid Fever Diagnosis in the West Region of Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Karimo Ousenu ◽  
Innocent Mbulli Ali ◽  
Leonard Fonkeng Sama ◽  
Marcel Nsangou Ndam ◽  
Thibau Florant Tchouangueu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Widal Test ◽  
Cohen’S Kappa ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Slide Agglutination ◽  
West Region ◽  
Cohen's Kappa ◽  
Slide Agglutination Test ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background. The diagnosis of typhoid fever based on the Widal slide agglutination test remains a major hurdle in developing countries due to varied perceptions of the value of the Widal test in determining clinical decision-making. We undertook a study to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the Widal test and the Typhidot immunoassay in patients suspected of having typhoid fever in the Menoua division, West Region of Cameroon. Methods. Blood and stool samples were collected from 558 consenting febrile patients on the basis of suspicion of typhoid fever. These patients attended three district health services of the Menoua division between April 2018 and September 2019. These patients had clinical symptoms suggestive of typhoid fever as determined by their consultant. Serum was used for the Widal slide agglutination test and for the Typhidot rapid immunoassay test based on manufacturer’s guidelines. A composite reference of fever plus positive coproculture for Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi was used as the reference. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the positive and negative tests were calculated as well as Cohen’s kappa for agreement between the two tests. Results. Of 558 patients, 12.90% tested positive for the reference method, 57.17% tested positive for the Widal slide agglutination test, while 15.59% were positive for Typhidot-IgM. The overall sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the positive and negative tests were 80.56%, 94.03%, 66.6%, and 97.03% for Typhidot-IgM and 94.44%, 48.35%, 21.32%, and 98.33% for the Widal slide agglutination test, respectively. Cohen’s kappa estimates were 0.1660 (0.121–0.211) and 0.386 (0.312–0.460) for the Widal test and Typhidot immunoassay for 53.6% and 76.16% agreements of all observations, respectively. Conclusion. The Widal test was found to have a lower predictive value for the diagnosis of typhoid fever in our setting. However, the Typhidot test, although better, was not ideal. Diagnosis of typhoid fever should therefore rely on adequate clinical suspicion and a positive Typhidot test to improve the clinical management of typhoid fever in our setting.

scholarly journals Antibodies produced by dogs successfully challenged with live Leptospira spp. did not cross-react to Brucella antigen in a commercial rapid slide agglutination test that detects antibodies to Brucella canis

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-85
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Krecic
Keyword(s):  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Slide Agglutination ◽  
Serologic Tests ◽  
Experimental Infections ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Brucella Canis ◽  
Slide Agglutination Test ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Canine Brucellosis

Brucella canis is a cause of canine infertility and abortion. Veterinarians and veterinary laboratorians screen for antibodies to B. canis with serologic tests including a rapid slide agglutination test (RSAT; D-Tec CB, Zoetis, San Diego, CA). False-positive results are possible because of cross-reactivity to antibodies to some gram-negative bacteria. Cross-reactivity has been reported between antibodies of Brucella abortus and Leptospira spp. with serologic tests for bovine brucellosis; however, this has not been documented with serologic tests for canine brucellosis, to the author’s knowledge. The RSAT was evaluated with the sera from dogs experimentally challenged with 1 of 4 serovars of Leptospira spp.: L. kirschneri serovar Grippotyphosa, or L. interrogans serovars Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, or Pomona. Experimental infections were confirmed through results of microscopic agglutination testing and/or lateral flow immunochromatography testing. The sera of 32 dogs collected at day 0 and days 7, 10, and 14 yielded negative results with the RSAT. Antibodies produced through experimental infections to these 4 serovars of Leptospira spp. did not cross-react with Brucella antigen with the RSAT; therefore, cross-reactivity of anti-leptospiral antibodies may not be of concern for B. canis rapid slide agglutination testing of dogs.

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