About changes in peripheral blood in sporadic typhus

For a number of years, we have observed patients with sporadic typhus, in whom the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, leukocyte count, ROE and Waldman's can test were examined at least 3 times in dynamics. The diagnosis in all was confirmed by a positive agglutination reaction with Provacek's rickettsia or by binding of complement with an antigen from Provachek's rickettsia in titers 1: 40-1: 1280.

Integrated Genetic and Phenotypic Analysis for the Capsulars from Different Serotype of Campylobacter jejuni

Background: Serotyping is one of the important typing scheme for Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni). However, this method is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Nowadays, genotypic analysis of the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) loci for the different serotype strains has been developed based on the unique sequences in specific serotypes. In order to establish the correlation between the genotypes and serotype characteristics, the genetic and phenotypic analysis was conducted in this study. Results: Draft-genome sequencing, followed by PCR, was performed to obtain the integrated CPS loci. Totally, the CPS loci from 26 C. jejuni isolates belonging to 9 genotypes were obtained, of which 15 serotypeable strains belonging to 10 serotypes. The main genetic polymorphisms of CPS loci are substitutions and variations in poly-G or poly-A tracts from the same genotype or serotype strains. A serotypic analysis was performed with different antigens, including the whole cell lysates, CPS and lipooligosaccharide (LOS), extracted from different strains. Compared to the results of the agglutination reaction with antiserum, similar typing results could be obtained using the CPS extract and LOS extracts did not cause serotype-specific passive agglutination.Conclusion: The genotyping results based on unique sequences were not always consistent with the phenotypic characteristics. The genotyping method based on unique sequences could not replace the serotyping but might be a supplement for genotyping of the non-serotypeable strains. Moreover, the present study supported that the determinant substance for Penner serotyping scheme is the CPS from C. jejuni instead of LOS.

A Transit Time-Resolved Microflow Cytometry-Based Agglutination Immunoassay for On-Site C-Reactive Protein Detection

An accurate and rapid microflow cytometry-based agglutination immunoassay (MCIA) suitable for on-site antibody or antigen detection was proposed. In this study, quantitative C-reactive protein (CRP) detection was chosen as a model assay in order to demonstrate the detection principle. The average transit time was employed to estimate the extent of the agglutination reaction and improve the detection accuracy as compared to the intensity-dependent methods. The detection time was less than 8 min. and only a 20 µL serum sample was needed for each test. The results showed a linear relationship between the average transit time of aggregates and CRP concentrations ranging from 0 to 1 µg/mL. The R2 of this relationship was 0.99. The detection limit of this technology was 0.12 µg/mL CRP. The system used for CRP detection can be extended to also monitor other clinically relevant molecules.

Relationship between immunogenic and antigenic activity of the vaccine against colibacteriosis of animals

Studies of such quality indicators as immunogenic and antigenic activity of the vaccine against colibacteriosis of animals have been carried out in experiments with laboratory animals. Immunogenic activity was determined by vaccination of white mice with different doses of the vaccine, followed by infection with virulent strains of Escherichia , producers of adhesive antigens, and determination of ID The antigenic activity of the vaccine was studied in experiment on rabbits by determining the level of antibodies to adhesive antigens in agglutination reaction in blood serum of vaccinated animals. The relationship between immunogenic and antigenic activity of the vaccine was detected by studying preventive activity of sera obtained from vaccinated rabbits in the experiment on white mice. The analysis of the obtained research results was given. The relationship between the level of antibodies to adhesive antigens in the blood serum of vaccinated animals and the immunogenic activity of the vaccine in the experiment on laboratory animals was established.

An accelerated method for determining «self/non-self» microorganisms in the agglutination reaction

A simple accelerated method for determining «self/non-self» microorganisms by using the agglutination reaction (RA) and therapeutic/prophylactic serum (Immunoglobulin complex preparation, lyophilized IgG, IgA, IgM immunoglobulins, developed by CSC Immuno-Gem, Moscow) is proposed to test for pathogenic, opportunistic and dominant probiotic Bifidobacteria spp. In parallel, all the microbial cell cultures examined were registered in the databases of Russia-wide and international collections and tested by the intermicrobial “self/non-self” recognition method, previously developed by us. 16 collection strains of various microorganisms were assessed by the RA with relevant therapeutic and prophylactic serum. Biological samples were obtained from the collection bacterial strains of Bifidobacterium bifidum 791, Escherichia coli LEGM-18, Klebsiella pneumoniae 278, Lactobacillus fermentum 90T-C4, Bifidobacterium longum MC-42, Escherichia coli M-17, Shigella sonnei 177b, Shigella flexneri 170, Escherichia coli 157, Staphylococcus aureus 209, Candida albicans 10231 and Salmonella serovar Enteritidis ATCC 10708. In addition, cell cultures obtained from the Museum of the Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis UB RAS such as Bifidobacterium longum ICIS-505, Lactobacillus acidophilus ICIS-1127, Bifidobacterium bifidum ICIS-202, Bifidobacterium bifidum ICIS-310 were also included into the study. To assess microbial peptidoglycan foreignness, the intermicrobial “self/non-self” recognition method was also used based on inducing metabolites produced by the “dominant” test strain Bifidobacterium longum MC-42 after pre-incubation with metabolites collected from the studied cell cultures (“associates”) followed by established “dominant-associate” feedback loop. The data were evaluated by assessing change-fold in reproduction (growth/replication) and adaptation (biofilm formation and anti-lysozyme test) of microbial cultures in accordance with the described technique followed by comparing these two methods for intermicrobial “self/non-self” recognition. All the RA data were found to fully agree with those obtained after previous studies by using intermicrobial “self/non-self” recognition method coupled to “dominant-associate” system. Moreover, compared to analogous “intermicrobial recognition” method (5 days), ease of use and test timeframe (24 hours) allow to consider RA attractive for screening studies to select strains for scientific and industrial purposes.

Clinical signs in dogs attributed to Yersinia enterocolitica antigen 0:9

Canine yersiniosis is currently a scantily researched disease. Two agents predominately cause yersiniosis: Y. enterocolitica (gut yersiniosis), Y. preudotuberculosis (yersiniosis). There are three clinical forms of the disease: intestinal, generalized and secondary-focal. Current available research states the prevalence of Y. enterocolitica against other biovariants in canine infections. The majority of infected dogs demonstrate both asymptomatic clinical course and unspecific symptoms or serve as a carrier. Meanwhile yersiniosis pose a threat to human health causing a severe complex of symptoms. In some cases the disease can be lethal, thus the disease has both epizootological and epidemiological value. The goal of this paper was to generalize clinical signs in dogs that demonstrated positive reaction to Y. enterocolitica antigen 0:9, which is a dominant causative agent of yersiniosis in the northeastern region of Ukraine. The study was conducted based on clinical data, biochemical and hematological laboratory studies. Contamination of canine subjects with Y. enterocolitica 0:9 was conducted using agglutination reaction using respective antigen. The research showed, that the dominant symptoms in canines, affected by Yersinia serovariant 0:9 were gastrointestinal lesions in 100 % of the cases. The clinical signs included melena or bloody stool, general depression, anorexia, cachexia, more rarely – vomiting, tachypnea and breathing irregularities. The results of biochemical blood assays and CBC were heterogeneous and cannot be used as a specific marker of Yersinia infection. The main method of confirmation for Yersinia infection would be a serological agglutination reaction, which can identify positive diagnostic titers in animal blood samples. Further research is planned to study mono- and concurrent course of Yersiniosis with different infectious diseases.

Comparative Widal Reaction for IgG/IgM Complement C3, lymphocyte and Neutrophils Assay in Patients with Suspected Typhoid Fever in Selected Hospitals in Kaduna State, Nigeria

Typhoid also known as enteric fever is endemic in Nigeria most often diagnosed by the widal reaction though the results of this test are being questioned in many quarters. This has necessitated the search for other methods for analysis. This work is aimed at comparing the widal reaction with the rapid immunochromatographic assay the complement C3 and selected haematological indices. Two ml of blood was collected from 350 patients with suspected typhoid infection and analysed by the widal slide agglutination reaction and the IgG/IgM Immunochromatographic assay. Complement C3 was assayed by ELISA while neutrophils and Lymphocyte counts were also performed. The finding showed that 41(11.7%) and 29 (8.3%) were positive for S. typhi IgG and IgM respectively out of 350 patients. It was found that 207 patients had O-antigen widal reaction titres 1/80 and above for S. typhi out of which, 30 (14.5%) and 22(22.6%) were IgG and IgM positive respectively. Those with reactions 1/80 and above to the H-antigen were 118 with 24(20.3%) cases of IgG and 13(11.0%) of IgM. The mean neutrophil and lymphocyte count in the IgM positive were 48.90 ± 20.060 and 60.28±17.64 as compared to the negatives (48.46 ±18.95 and 55.02±19.19 respectively). The mean neutrophil and lymphocyte count of IgG positive were 50.68±19.65 and 57.22±19.72) while the negatives were 48.20±1.08 and 55.23±19.04. the mean plasma levels of complement factors C3 in the IgG positive was 630.70±327.41 as compared to those that are negative (626.97±247.72). The complement C3 levels was significantly higher (P =0.000) in the IgM positive (816.45±406) as compared to the IgM negatives (610.33±233.40). No significant association was observed between the clinical features and the typhoid positives.

Perancangan Alat Pendeteksi Golongan Darah dan Rhesus dengan Menggunakan Mikrokontroler Arduino Mega 2560

The aim of the research is to design the tools used to detect and determine blood type. Blood and rhesus group detection can usually be done manually through a process of testing red blood cells with antisera (serum) to see if blood that has been given antisera (serum) occurs agglutination (agglutination) or non-agglutination (not clot). In this study, blood type and rhesus detection was designed electronically using ABO blood type and Rhesus system. It is designed using three pairs of light sensor, LED sensor as transmitter and Photodioda as receiver, comparator circuit and arduino mega 2560 microcontroller. Agglutination sensor or non-agglutination reaction of blood sample mixed with antisera. Next, it sends the voltage to be conditioned by the comparator circuit then sent to the microcontroller for processing and the blood type and rhesus readings will be displayed on the LCD screen.