Studies on well water and possible health risks in Katsina, Nigeria

SUMMARYWell water was sampled from all four major wards in Katsina town. All 20 samples taken showed high coliform counts. Sixty-five per cent contained ≥ 2400 coliforms per 100 ml while the remainder had counts ranging from 79 to 920. Faecal coliforms and non-cholera vibrios were detected in all samples. There was no significant relationship between the coliform counts and the distances of latrines to wells, water table to ground level, slope relationship between wells and latrines, the pH of water and whether the wells were left permanently open or not.Salmonellasp.,Enterobactersp. andPseudomonassp. were each isolated from about 10% of the samples, whileProteussp. was isolated from 40%,Citrobactersp. 15%,Alcaligenessp. 5% and an unidentified Gram-negative rod from 5%.Only 2 (10%) of the sampled households, representing 23 (9·6%) of the 239 people exposed to well-water had pipeborne water in addition. It was concluded that well water in Katsina town could be a human health hazard.

Download Full-text

Human health hazard implications of heavy metals in agricultural foodstuff grown around brick kiln areas in Bangladesh

Journal of Environmental Science Computer Science and Engineering & Technology ◽

10.24214/jecet.a.6.2.13856 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Human Health ◽

Health Hazard ◽

Brick Kiln ◽

Human Health Hazard

Download Full-text

Human health hazard assessment for high groundwater arsenic and fluoride intact in Malda district, Eastern India

Groundwater for Sustainable Development ◽

10.1016/j.gsd.2021.100565 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100565

Author(s):

Manasree Sarkar ◽

Subodh Chandra Pal

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Hazard Assessment ◽

Health Hazard ◽

Eastern India ◽

Groundwater Arsenic ◽

Human Health Hazard

Download Full-text

Summary and Perspective: Relevance to Human Health Hazard Assessment

DNA Repair and Mutagenesis in Eukaryotes ◽

10.1007/978-1-4684-3842-0_31 ◽

1980 ◽

pp. 441-443

Author(s):

Charles H. Langley

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Hazard Assessment ◽

Health Hazard ◽

Human Health Hazard

Download Full-text

The impacts of precursor reduction and meteorology on ground-level ozone in the Greater Toronto Area

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-14-8197-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (15) ◽

pp. 8197-8207 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

S. C. Pugliese ◽

J. G. Murphy ◽

J. A. Geddes ◽

J. M. Wang

Keyword(s):

Health Hazard ◽

Ground Level ◽

Ozone Production ◽

Ground Level Ozone ◽

Ozone Concentrations ◽

Greater Toronto Area ◽

High Solar Radiation ◽

Linear Effects ◽

Human Health Hazard ◽

Ozone Levels

Abstract. Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a major component of photochemical smog and is a known human health hazard, as well as a damaging factor for vegetation. Its precursor compounds, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), have a variety of anthropogenic and biogenic sources and exhibit non-linear effects on ozone production. As an update to previous studies on ground-level ozone in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), we present an analysis of NO2, VOC and O3 data from federal and provincial governmental monitoring sites in the GTA from 2000 to 2012. We show that, over the study period, summertime 24 h VOC reactivity and NO2 midday (11:00–15:00) concentrations at all sites decreased significantly; since 2000, all sites experienced a decrease in NO2 of 28–62% and in measured VOC reactivity of at least 53–71%. Comparing 2002–2003 to 2011–2012, the summed reactivity of OH towards NO2 and a suite of measured VOCs decreased from 8.6 to 4.6 s−1. Ratios of reactive VOC pairs indicate that the effective OH concentration experienced by primary pollutants in the GTA has increased significantly over the study period. Despite the continuous decrease in precursor levels, ozone concentrations are not following the same pattern at all stations; it was found that the Canada-wide Standard for ozone continues to be exceeded at all monitoring stations. Additionally, while the years 2008–2011 had consistently lower ozone levels than previous years, 2012 experienced one of the highest recorded summertime ozone concentrations and a large number of smog episodes. We demonstrate that these high ozone observations in 2012 may be a result of the number of days with high solar radiation, the number of stagnant periods and the transport of high ozone levels from upwind regions.

Download Full-text

Radon: A Human Health Hazard in the Environment

Radon: A Tracer for Geological, Geophysical and Geochemical Studies ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-21329-3_11 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 229-254

Author(s):

Mark Baskaran

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Health Hazard ◽

Human Health Hazard

Download Full-text

Nanoparticles, human health hazard and regulation

Journal of The Royal Society Interface ◽

10.1098/rsif.2009.0252.focus ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 7 (suppl_1) ◽

Cited By ~ 169

Author(s):

Anthony Seaton ◽

Lang Tran ◽

Robert Aitken ◽

Kenneth Donaldson

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Human Exposure ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Health Hazard ◽

New Developments ◽

New Science ◽

Combustion Particles ◽

Human Health Hazard ◽

Physical Principles

New developments in technology usually entail some hazard as well as advantage to a society. Hazard of a material translates into risk by exposure of humans and/or their environment to the agent in question, and risk is reduced by control of exposure, usually guided by regulation based on understanding of the mechanisms of harm. We illustrate risks relating to the causation of diseases associated with exposure to aerosols of combustion particles and asbestos, leading to paradigms of particle toxicity, and discuss analogies with potential exposure to manufactured nanoparticles (NPs). We review the current understanding of the hazard of NPs derived from the new science of nanotoxicology and the limited research to date into human exposure to these particles. We identify gaps in knowledge relating to the properties of NPs that might determine toxicity and in understanding the most appropriate ways both to measure this in the laboratory and to assess it in the workplace. Nevertheless, we point out that physical principles governing the behaviour of such particles allow determination of practical methods of protecting those potentially exposed. Finally, we discuss the early steps towards regulation and the difficulties facing regulators in controlling potentially harmful exposures in the absence of sufficient scientific evidence.

Download Full-text