Turning Over a New Leaf: A Subnational Analysis of ‘Coca Yes, Cocaine No’ in Bolivia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Susan Brewer-Osorio
Keyword(s):  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Drug Policy ◽  
State Power ◽  
Drug Laws ◽  
Social Unrest ◽  
Reduction Strategy ◽  
International Pressure ◽  
Harm Reduction Strategy ◽  
Subnational Analysis

Abstract International pressure to suppress cocaine trafficking sustained decades of harsh drug laws in Bolivia against cocaleros (coca producers), thus affecting coca production for traditional consumption and for manufacturing illicit cocaine. These harsh drug laws caused social unrest in cocalero communities outside traditional coca zones. President Evo Morales, leader of the Movimiento al Socialismo (Movement toward Socialism, MAS) party, implemented ‘Coca Yes, Cocaine No’ (CYCN), a harm-reduction strategy that authorised ‘non-traditional’ farmers to cultivate legal coca and self-police production. This article compares CYCN outcomes in Bolivia's traditional and non-traditional coca regions and finds that strong cocalero organisations were vital to CYCN success in non-traditional areas. In contrast, organised resistance in traditional zones restricted CYCN success and added to regime instability in the lead-up to Morales’ forced resignation in 2019. Hence, while Morales harnessed state power to change drug policy, he was constrained by the rural grassroots organisations that brought him to power.

scholarly journals Erratum for “Misoprostol in women's hands: a harm reduction strategy for unsafe abortion" Contraception 2013 Feb; 87(2): 128–130

Contraception ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Alyson Hyman ◽  
Kelly Blanchard ◽  
Francine Coeytaux ◽  
Daniel Grossman ◽  
Alexandra Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Unsafe Abortion ◽  
Reduction Strategy ◽  
Harm Reduction Strategy

scholarly journals Public Health Implications of Smokeless Tobacco Use as a Harm Reduction Strategy

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934-1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Savitz ◽  
Roger E. Meyer ◽  
Jason M. Tanzer ◽  
Sidney S. Mirvish ◽  
Freddi Lewin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Reduction Strategy ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Harm Reduction Strategy ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Use

Performance-Enhancing Substances in Sports

2021 ◽  
pp. 266-275
Author(s):  
Kaveri Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Level Playing Field ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Reduction Strategy ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Ethical Frameworks ◽  
Harm Reduction Strategy ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
Performance Enhancing Substances ◽  
Performance Enhancing

Given that the current strategies focusing on deterrence and punishment are increasingly ineffective worldwide, is there a radically different approach to ensuring a level playing field? This essay explores the growing discourse on alternate approaches to controlling the use of performance enhancing substances (PES) in sports and reflects on the fact that social and cultural behaviour patterns, plus a lack of ethics in the practice of medicine are the issues that need to be tackled urgently in this eagerness to ensure a level playing field in sports. Kaveri Prakash cautiously argues for adopting a relatively new approach, under wide discussion, centring on a harm reduction strategy, that would allow performance enhancing substances to be administered under supervision. However, this will only be successful if regulatory and ethical frameworks in related areas are strengthened and current practices are systematically reviewed and either discarded or reformed. Moreover, India needs to pay serious attention to its sporting population, on and off the field, in order to gauge its response to regulation.

scholarly journals The Ethics of Tobacco Harm Reduction: An Analysis of E-Cigarette Availability From the Perspectives of Utilitarianism, Bioethics, and Public Health Ethics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Thomas ◽  
Lisa S Parker ◽  
Saul Shiffman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Biomedical Ethics ◽  
Public Health Ethics ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Tobacco Harm Reduction ◽  
Reduction Strategy ◽  
Ethics Framework ◽  
Health Ethics ◽  
Harm Reduction Strategy

Abstract Much evidence suggests e-cigarettes are substantially less harmful than combustible cigarettes. Assuming this is true, we analyze the ethical case for a policy of e-cigarette availability (ECA) as a tobacco harm reduction strategy. ECA involves making e-cigarettes available to allow smokers to switch to them, and informing smokers of the lower risks of e-cigarettes vis-à-vis smoking. After suggesting that utilitarian/consequentialist considerations do not provide an adequate ethical analysis, we analyze ECA using two other ethical frameworks. First, ECA is supported by a public health ethics framework. ECA is a population-level intervention consistent with respecting individual autonomy by using the least restrictive means to accomplish public health goals, and it supports equity and justice. Second, ECA is supported by four principles that form a biomedical ethics framework. By reducing smokers’ health risks and not harming them, ECA fulfills principles of beneficence and non-maleficence. Because ECA allows smokers to make informed health decisions for themselves, it fulfills the principle requiring respect for persons and their autonomy. Here, we consider whether nicotine addiction and thus ECA undermine autonomy, and also discuss the ethical warrant for special protections for youth. Finally, ECA can also advance justice by providing a harm reduction alternative for disadvantaged groups that disproportionately bear the devastating consequences of smoking. Policies of differential taxation of cigarettes and e-cigarettes can facilitate adoption of less harmful alternatives by those economically disadvantaged. We conclude that public health and biomedical ethics frameworks are mutually reinforcing and supportive of ECA as a tobacco harm reduction strategy. Implications Making e-cigarettes and information about them available is supported as ethical from multiple ethical perspectives.

scholarly journals HIV serosorting as a harm reduction strategy: evidence from Seattle, Washington

AIDS ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (18) ◽  
pp. 2497-2506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Cassels ◽  
Timothy W Menza ◽  
Steven M Goodreau ◽  
Matthew R Golden
Keyword(s):  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Reduction Strategy ◽  
Harm Reduction Strategy ◽  
Hiv Serosorting
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document