The unfolding of suprasegmental representations: a cross-linguistic perspective

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Berg ◽  
Hassan Abd-El-Jawad
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Speech Errors ◽  
Phonological Information ◽  
Underlying Representation ◽  
Structure Sensitive ◽  
Nonconcatenative Morphology ◽  
Hierarchical Representations

An analysis of phonological speech errors in Arabic, English and German is carried out with a view to probing into the organization of segments within syllables and words. Arabic slips are shown to be less structure-sensitive than English and German ones. Being absent from underlying representation, suprasegmental structures are assumed to unfold gradually in real time. The erection of hierarchical representations is claimed to be slower in Arabic than in English and German because the nonconcatenative morphology of Arabic prevents an early assignment of consonants to structural slots. In contrast, English and German words allow the early build-up of hierarchical structures because sufficient phonological information is available from the beginning of the derivation.

Speech impairment and literacy difficulties: Underlying links

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suze Leitão ◽  
Janet Fletcher ◽  
John Hogben
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Emergent Literacy ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Speech Errors ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Phonological Information ◽  
Literacy Outcomes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Level Of Processing

AbstractDespite clinical observation of the problems in emergent literacy experienced by unintelligible children, there are conflicting data about the possible relationship of expressive speech problems to literacy acquisition. Several confounding factors may explain the inconsistency in results across studies. Potential confounds include specificity and severity of speech impairment, age of participants, and pattern of speech errors. It was hypothesised that the presence of nondevelopmental speech errors can be considered a symptom of a breakdown at the level of processing phonological information that has an impact on both speech and literacy development. A cohort of 21 specifically speech-impaired children entering Year 1 at school was selected and classified into subgroups based on pattern of speech errors. Phonological awareness measures were administered early in Year 1 and literacy measures in Year 3. The results confirmed thot the presence of nondevelopmental speech errors predicted poorer phonological awareness skills and weaker literacy outcomes, particularly spelling.

scholarly journals Characterizing Articulation in Apraxic Speech Using Real-Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 877-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Hagedorn ◽  
Michael Proctor ◽  
Louis Goldstein ◽  
Stephen M. Wilson ◽  
Bruce Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Speech Errors ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Monosyllabic Words ◽  
Intrusion Errors

Purpose Real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and accompanying analytical methods are shown to capture and quantify salient aspects of apraxic speech, substantiating and expanding upon evidence provided by clinical observation and acoustic and kinematic data. Analysis of apraxic speech errors within a dynamic systems framework is provided and the nature of pathomechanisms of apraxic speech discussed. Method One adult male speaker with apraxia of speech was imaged using real-time MRI while producing spontaneous speech, repeated naming tasks, and self-paced repetition of word pairs designed to elicit speech errors. Articulatory data were analyzed, and speech errors were detected using time series reflecting articulatory activity in regions of interest. Results Real-time MRI captured two types of apraxic gestural intrusion errors in a word pair repetition task. Gestural intrusion errors in nonrepetitive speech, multiple silent initiation gestures at the onset of speech, and covert (unphonated) articulation of entire monosyllabic words were also captured. Conclusion Real-time MRI and accompanying analytical methods capture and quantify many features of apraxic speech that have been previously observed using other modalities while offering high spatial resolution. This patient's apraxia of speech affected the ability to select only the appropriate vocal tract gestures for a target utterance, suppressing others, and to coordinate them in time.

scholarly journals The Development of Graphic Representation in Abugida Writing: The Akshara’s Grammar

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmila Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Graphic Representation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Phonological Information ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Graphic Complexity ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
Graphic Elements ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Phonological writing systems can use different modes in the arrangement of phonological information: linear or emblematic. The latter presupposes a two-dimensional composition of graphic elements which convey information of different levels: basic phonological units or their secondary features. Abugida is one of the most perfect modes of writing, using a two-dimensional principle of organization in its graphemes. Indian scripts imply forms of abugida, based on aksharas - orthographic syllables - as main graphemes, with their vocalization marked by sub-graphemes. Their complex forms reveal hierarchical structures representing phonological structures. Thus, “the akshara’s grammar” may be described, with its paradigms of shapes and meanings, their organization in space, their modes of conjunction. The functional characteristics of diacritic types and ligatures can be specified. The graphic shapes of the akshara can be represented as forming a “grammar” comparable to morphological structures. The graphic complexity of writing can then be estimated in typological perspective. This paper is an attempt to describe such a grammar.

Vowel deletion as mora usurpation: the case of Yine

Phonology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Optimality Theory ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Phonological Information ◽  
Limited Access ◽  
Underlying Representation ◽  
Vowel Deletion

Vowel deletion in Yine crucially refers to both morphological and phonological information. It has been argued that the process is only analysable in a theory where the phonology has access to morphology, either on the assumption of different morphological domains of constraint evaluation (Lin 1987, 1997a, b) or on the assumption of morphologically indexed optimality-theoretic constraints (Pater 2009). In contrast, I propose a phonological analysis of vowel deletion in Yine in a parallel Optimality Theory model. The phonology, I assume, has only limited access to morphological information, and can only distinguish between affix and stem material. I argue that the morphemes that trigger deletion of a preceding vowel have a defective underlying representation: they lack a mora, and ‘usurp’ the mora of a preceding vowel.

scholarly journals New In-Situ and Operando Facilities for Catalysis Science at NSLS-II: The Deployment of Real-Time, Chemical, and Structure-Sensitive X-ray Probes

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Palomino ◽  
Eli Stavitski ◽  
Iradwikanari Waluyo ◽  
Yu-chen Karen Chen-Wiegart ◽  
Milinda Abeykoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure Sensitive

The representation of phonological information during speech production planning:evidence from vowel errors in spontaneous speech

1986 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 117-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Ohala ◽  
Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Lexical Stress ◽  
Speech Errors ◽  
Phonological Information ◽  
Error Patterns ◽  
Feature Similarity

ABSTRACTA corpus of more than 500 speech errors that involve a vowel or syllabic nucleus is examined for evidence that bears on the nature of the processing representation that is in force when such errors occur. Evidence is obtained from the patterns of similarity between target segments and the intrusion segments that replace them in errors, on the assumption that target– intrusion similarity arises from characteristics of the processing representation. Findings include (1) a distinctive feature similarity between vowel targets and intrusions, (2) evidence that complex syllabic nuclei can function as error units and (3) evidence that vowel errors are constrained by lexical stress. Finally, the error patterns in both vowels and consonants, and the processing representations they suggest, are evaluated in the light of recent theoretical proposals about the phonological component of the grammar.

The Formal Design Models of Digraph Architectures and Behaviors

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxu Wang ◽  
Aderemi Adewumi
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Code Generation ◽  
Graph Model ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Complicated Form ◽  
Architectural Models ◽  
Automatic Code ◽  
Formal Design

Graphs are one of the most fundamental and widely used non-linear hierarchical structures of linked nodes. Problems in sciences and engineering can be formulated and solved by the graph model. This paper develops a comprehensive design pattern of formal digraphs using the Doubly-Linked List (DLL) architecture. The most complicated form of graphs known as the weighted digraph is selected as a general graph model, based on it simple graphs such as nondirected and/or nonweighted ones can be easily derived and tailored. A rigorous denotational mathematics, Real-Time Process Algebra (RTPA), is adopted, which allows both architectural and behavioral models of digraphs to be rigorously designed and implemented in a top-down approach. The architectural models of digraphs are created using RTPA architectural modeling methodologies known as the Unified Data Models (UDMs). The physical model of digraphs is implemented using nodes of DLL dynamically created in the memory. The behavioral models of digraphs are specified and refined by a set of 18 Unified Process Models (UPMs) in three categories namely the management operations, traversal operations, and node manipulation operations. This work has been applied in a number of real-time and nonreal-time system designs and specifications such as a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS+), graph-based and tree-based applications, and the ADT library for an RTPA-based automatic code generation tool.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document