The article analyses the state of Chuvash prose in the mid-1980s – the first decade of the 21st century. In the course of the study, it was found that at this stage there is an intense search for modern landmarks, new forms and content in the Chuvash artistic literature. The following significant changes were revealed in the national prose – topics previously hushed up (social bottom, Stalinism, abuse in the Soviet army and the Afghan War) went public and new genre varieties (erotic, mystical, intelligent works) appeared; the possibilities and range of traditional literature expanded (lyrical-philosophical, lyrical-psychological, women's prose developed, psychologism deepened); literature with a complicated form of writing (postmodern works) has appeared recently; there has been an increased interest in the Chuvash national (history, mythology), etc. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that the turn of the 20th-21st centuries in the national Chuvash literature there has been a kind of transition period, during which the features of new prose, free from the previous ideology, are determined.