scholarly journals Female description of the hydrothermal vent cephalopod Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. González ◽  
A. Guerra ◽  
S. Pascual ◽  
M. Segonzac
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
East Pacific Rise ◽  
Sperm Storage ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
East Pacific ◽  
Manned Submersible ◽  
Biological Sampling ◽  
A Site

During biological sampling of hydrothermal vents on the East Pacific Rise, the manned submersible ‘Nautile’ caught the first female of the endemic cephalopod Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis. The specimen caught at the vent site Gromit (21°33 66′S, 114°17 98′W at 2832 m depth) is described here in detail and an amended diagnosis of the species proposed. The external morphology, measurements and internal structure resemble that of males of this species. One of the most remarkable characters is the lack of spermathecae and the absence of apical filaments in the oocytes to provide a site for sperm storage. It is suggested that some species of the genera Benthoctopus and Bathypolypus would be the most suitable octopod ancestor of V. hydrothermalis.

New species of holothurian (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from hydrothermal vent habitats

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Smirnov ◽  
A.V. Gebruk ◽  
S.V. Galkin ◽  
T. Shank
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
East Pacific Rise ◽  
The West ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
East Pacific ◽  
The Family ◽  
Hydrothermal Environment ◽  
Deposit Feeding

A new holothurian species Chiridota hydrothermica (Apodida: Chiridotidae) is described, restricted to hydrothermal vent habitats. The new species is known from the west Pacific (Manus and North Fiji Basins) and the South East Pacific Rise, between 17 and 21°S. The unusual large, lobe-like tentacles of this holothurian, uncommon in the family Chiridotidae, could be an adaptation to facilitate shifts between suspension- and deposit-feeding in the hydrothermal environment. A brief review of all known records of holothurians and other echinoderms at hydrothermal vents is given.

Presence of postlarval alvinocaridid shrimps over south-west Indian Ocean hydrothermal vents, with comparisons of the pelagic biomass at different vent sites

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Herring
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
East Pacific Rise ◽  
West Indian ◽  
South West Indian Ocean ◽  
East Pacific ◽  
South West ◽  
Water Fish ◽  
West Indian Ocean

Two types of alvinocaridid shrimp postlarvae were taken at plume depth over the Kairei and Edmond hydrothermal vent fields in the south-west Indian Ocean. These postlarvae were superficially indistinguishable from similar postlarvae taken previously over hydrothermal vents in the Atlantic. The micronekton invertebrate taxa in the water column over the Kairei and Edmond sites were similar to those in the Atlantic. The most frequently taken deep-water fish at Kairei was an unidentified cyemid snipe eel, whereas in the Atlantic its place was taken by Gonostoma bathyphilum and species of the melamphaeid Scopeloberyx. Previous sampling over East Pacific Rise hydrothermal sites at 13°N failed to take any alvinocaridid postlarvae, but the ostracod Gigantocypris agassizi was a major component of the micronekton.

scholarly journals Phylogeny of hydrothermal vent Iphionidae, with the description of a new species (Aphroditiformia, Annelida)

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 779 ◽  
pp. 89-107
Author(s):  
Marina F. McCowin ◽  
Greg W. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
East Pacific Rise ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
East Pacific ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

The scale-worm family Iphionidae consists of four genera. Of these, Thermiphione has two accepted species, both native to hydrothermal vents in the Pacific Ocean; T.fijiensis Miura, 1994 (West Pacific) and T.tufari Hartmann-Schröder, 1992 (East Pacific Rise). Iphionella is also known from the Pacific, and has two recognized species; Iphionellarisensis Pettibone, 1986 (East Pacific Rise, hydrothermal vents) and I.philippinensis Pettibone, 1986 (West Pacific, deep sea). In this study, phylogenetic analyses of Iphionidae from various hydrothermal vent systems of the Pacific Ocean were conducted utilizing morphology and mitochondrial (COI and 16S rRNA) and nuclear (18S and 28S rRNA) genes. The results revealed a new iphionid species, described here as Thermiphionerapanuisp. n. The analyses also demonstrated the paraphyly of Thermiphione, requiring Iphionellarisensis to be referred to the genus, as Thermiphionerisensis (Pettibone, 1986).

Hydrothermal vent octopuses of Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis, feed on bathypelagic amphipods of Halice hesmonectes

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 985-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet R. Voight
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
East Pacific Rise ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
East Pacific ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Manned Submersible ◽  
Active Vent

A feeding frenzy of 12 octopuses of Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis was observed from the manned submersible ‘Alvin’ at Parigo, a 2620 m deep hydrothermal vent on the East Pacific Rise. The aggregated benthic octopuses at the active vent used their arms and webs to forage on bathypelagic amphipods, apparently targeting their attacks based on contact with the swarming amphipods. Individual octopuses wrapped their arms around the mantles of smaller octopuses, apparently in competition for prey. Although members of the prey species, Halice hesmonectes, are individually small (<5 mm long), the density of their swarms may make them attractive prey for the octopus. Inactive sulphide spires encircled part of this vent site; octopuses that climbed these spires had easy access to the dense prey swarms. The presence of the spires may uniquely enable this site to support simultaneous foraging by large numbers of octopuses.

Biogeography and evolution of hydrothermal-vent fauna in the eastern Pacific Ocean

1988 ◽  
Vol 233 (1272) ◽  
pp. 347-366 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
East Pacific Rise ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Eastern Pacific Ocean ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
East Pacific ◽  
Juan De Fuca ◽  
History Of

The biogeography and evolutionary history of animals that live at hydrothermal vents are connected intimately to the spreading history of mid-ocean ridges. Extensive collections from two active ridge systems in the eastern Pacific Ocean provide an opportunity to examine the regional dispersion of vent-limited organisms. The degrees to which these habitat-limited species from disjunct areas are related gives preliminary information about exchange routes, dispersability, and rates of taxonomic change. Differences between vent faunae from the northern Juan de Fuca and southern East Pacific Rise systems indicate that geographical differentiation has occurred. Geophysical evidence shows that North America interposed as a barrier between the northeast and equatorial Pacific spreading ridges about 35 Ma BP. The vicariating vent fauna of the Juan de Fuca Ridge has since formed an endemic assemblage of generally lower diversity than that found at East Pacific Rise vents. Taxonomic comparisons suggest that rates of speciation have been low. Examination of spreading histories elsewhere should provide predictions of evolutionary patterns in the hydrothermal-vent faunae.

scholarly journals Dispersal of Hydrothermal Vent Larvae at East Pacific Rise 9-10°N Segment

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (11) ◽  
pp. 7877-7895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangyu Xu ◽  
D. J. McGillicuddy ◽  
S. W. Mills ◽  
L. S. Mullineaux
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
East Pacific Rise ◽  
East Pacific

scholarly journals 262 Voyages Beneath the Sea: a global assessment of macro- and megafaunal biodiversity and research effort at deep-sea hydrothermal vents

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Thaler ◽  
Diva Amon
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Spreading Center ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
North East ◽  
East Pacific ◽  
Biogeographic Provinces

For over 40 years, hydrothermal vents and the communities that thrive on them have been a source of profound discovery for deep-sea ecologists. These ecosystems are found throughout the world on active plate margins as well as other geologically active features. In addition to their ecologic interest, hydrothermal vent fields are comprised of metallic ores, sparking a nascent industry that aims to mine these metal-rich deposits for their mineral wealth. Here, we provide the first systematic assessment of macrofaunal and megafaunal biodiversity at hydrothermal vents normalized against research effort. Cruise reports from scientific expeditions as well as other literature were used to characterize the extent of exploration, determine the relative biodiversity of different biogeographic provinces, identify knowledge gaps related to the distribution of research effort, and prioritize targets for additional sampling to establish biodiversity baselines ahead of potential commercial exploitation. The Northwest Pacific, Southwest Pacific, and Southern Ocean biogeographic provinces were identified as high biodiversity using rarefaction of family-level incidence data, whereas the North East Pacific Rise, Northern East Pacific, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and Indian Ocean provinces had medium biodiversity, and the Mid-Cayman Spreading Center was identified as a province of relatively low biodiversity. A North/South divide in the extent of biological research and the targets of hydrothermal vent mining prospects was also identified. Finally, we provide an estimate of sampling completeness for each province to inform scientific and stewardship priorities.

scholarly journals Caminibacter hydrogeniphilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel thermophilic, hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium isolated from an East Pacific Rise hydrothermal vent.

2002 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1317-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Alain ◽  
Joël Querellou ◽  
Françoise Lesongeur ◽  
Patricia Pignet ◽  
Philippe Crassous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
East Pacific Rise ◽  
East Pacific
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