scholarly journals Epidemiology and immunology of Necator americanus infection in a community in Papua New Guinea: humoral responses to excretory-secretory and cuticular collagen antigens

Parasitology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. Pritchard ◽  
R. J. Quinnell ◽  
A. F. G. Slater ◽  
P. G. McKean ◽  
D. D. S. Dale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Hookworm Infection ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Necator Americanus ◽  
Rural Village ◽  
Ancylostoma Duodenale ◽  
Humoral Responses

SUMMARYBaseline data from an immuno-epidemiological study of hookworm infection in a rural village in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea are reported. Necator americanus was found to be the commonest helminth infection, with a prevalence of near 100% and intensity of 40 worms per host in adults. Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura were also present, at prevalences of 53, 10 and 3% respectively; Ancylostoma duodenale was absent. The frequency distribution of N. americanus was highly over-dispersed, and was well described by a negative binomial distribution with aggregation parameter, k, of 0·370. Intensity of infection was significantly related to host age, but did not differ between the sexes. Haemoglobin levels and haematocrit values were indicative of anaemia in the community, but were unrelated to hookworm infection. Levels of antibodies (IgG, IgA and 1gM combined) against adult Necator cuticular collagen and excretory-secretory (ES) products were determined.

scholarly journals Reinfection with hookworm after chemotherapy in Papua New Guinea

Parasitology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Quinnell ◽  
A. F. G. Slater ◽  
P. Tighe ◽  
E. A. Walsh ◽  
A. E. Keymer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Hookworm Infection ◽  
Necator Americanus ◽  
Rural Village ◽  
Pre Treatment

SUMMARYReinfection with hookworm (Necator americanus) following chemotherapy was studied over 2 years in a rural village in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. The prevalence of hookworm infection had returned to pre-treatment levels after 2 years, and the geometric mean hookworm burden had returned to 58 % of the pre-treatment value. The rate of acquisition of adult worms was independent of host age, and was estimated as a geometric mean of 2·9–3·3 worms/host/year (arithmetic mean 7·9–8·9 worms/host/year). There was significant predisposition to hookworm infection; the strength of this predisposition did not vary significantly between age or sex classes.

scholarly journals Institutional Hookworm Disease in a Non-Endemic Region

1923 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Sawyer ◽  
W. C. Sweet ◽  
A. Eland Shaw
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
State Government ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
The State ◽  
Hookworm Infection ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Necator Americanus ◽  
Ancylostoma Duodenale ◽  
The Subject

Conditions in institutions for children or defectives may become peculiarly favourable to the propagation of hookworm disease. The subject of the present study is a long-standing infection with Ancylostoma duodenale in the Hospital for the Insane at Goodna, Queensland, the largest of the three hospitals for the insane maintained by the State Government. The investigation was of special interest because the institution is in a region in which the general population is free from hookworm disease, owing to low rainfall, and because the infection was with A. duodenale, while the predominating hookworm infection of Queensland is with Necator americanus.

Hookworm infections and human iron metabolism

Parasitology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 107 (S1) ◽  
pp. S137-S145 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. T. Crompton ◽  
R. R. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Hookworm Infection ◽  
Necator Americanus ◽  
Healthy Adult Male ◽  
Ancylostoma Duodenale ◽  
Feeding Activities ◽  
Hookworm Infections

SUMMARYAncylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus are extremely common species of soil-transmitted helminth which flourish where poverty and malnutrition prevail. Hookworms contribute significantly to iron-deficiency anaemia, which remains one of the world's major nutritional problems, through the feeding activities of intestinal stages leading to chronic blood loss into the gut. In this article, a mathematical model is proposed to explain how human iron metabolism may respond to hookworm infection of varying intensity. The model draws attention to the importance of the regulation of stored iron levels in the process. The results from the model are presented for the effects of hookworm infection on the iron metabolism of a healthy adult male. Calculations are also presented in which the effects of hookworms on the iron metabolism of a non-pregnant woman are compared with those of a pregnant woman. Use of the model may help develop a better understanding of the pathology of hookworm disease.

Predisposition to hookworm infection in Papua New Guinea

2001 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Quinnell ◽  
J. Griffin ◽  
M.A. Nowell ◽  
A. Raiko ◽  
D.I. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Hookworm Infection

A high prevalence of diabetes in a rural village in Papua New Guinea

1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahomed Patel ◽  
Konrad Jamrozik ◽  
Oenone Allen ◽  
F.I.R. Martin ◽  
Jean Eng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Rural Village ◽  
High Prevalence

Heritability of human hookworm infection in Papua New Guinea

Parasitology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (12) ◽  
pp. 1407-1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. PH. BREITLING ◽  
A. J. WILSON ◽  
A. RAIKO ◽  
M. LAGOG ◽  
P. SIBA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Hookworm Infection ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Variance Components Analysis ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects

SUMMARYHookworms infect approximately 740 million humans worldwide and are an important cause of morbidity. The present study examines the role of additive genetic effects in determining the intensity of hookworm infection in humans, and whether these effects vary according to the sex of the host. Parasitological and epidemiological data for a population of 704 subjects in Papua New Guinea were used in variance components analysis. The ‘narrow-sense’ heritability of hookworm infection was estimated as 0·15±0·04 (P<0·001), and remained significant when controlling for shared environmental (household) effects. Allowing the variance components to vary between the sexes of the human host consistently revealed larger additive genetic effects in females than in males, reflected by heritabilities of 0·18 in females and 0·08 in males in a conservative model. Household effects were also higher in females than males, although the overall household effect was not significant. The results indicate that additive genetic effects are an important determinant of the intensity of human hookworm infection in this population. However, despite similar mean and variance of intensity in each sex, the factors responsible for generating variation in intensity differ markedly between males and females.

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