The effect of the synthetic plant-growth substance, 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, on the host–parasite relationships of some plant-parasitic nematodes in monoxenic callus culture

Parasitology ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Webster ◽  
D. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Callus Culture ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Callus Tissues ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Some callus tissues induced by 2,4–D and derived from plants resistant to plant-parasitic nematodes lost their resistance to the nematodes. Red clover callus supported a large population of A. ritzemabosi, whereas red clover seedlings did not. Six races of D. dipsaci were cultured on lucerne and red clover callus tissues and reproduced rapidly, although races usually multiplied more on callus from susceptible than from resistant plants. A. ritzemabosi, normally only a foliage parasite, reproduced equally well in stem and root callus. H. rostochiensis did not reproduce in callus culture.Nematodes multiplied most in callus that grew fastest; both reproduction of A. ritzemabosi and the growth of callus were greatest with 0.125 mg/1 of 2,4–D. Reproduction was inhibited by 5.0 mg/100 ml of 2,4–D. 2,4–D influenced nematode reproduction indirectly by making callus, which provides a better environment for nematode feeding and reproduction.Nematode extracts added to an agar medium caused callus formation on red clover seedlings and nematodes feeding on these tissues reproduced faster than on normal seedlings. Hence, the substances secreted by a nematode into a plant may act on the tissues in a manner similar to 2,4–D. The host–parasite relationship is probably partially controlled by the host's plant-growth substances and the effect on them of the nematode's secretions.We thank Mr C. T. Drakes for assistance, and Mr K. Smith of Imperial Chemical Industries for advice with the initial callus culture.

scholarly journals The Use of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria to Prevent Nematode Damage to Plants

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Elisa Gamalero ◽  
Bernard R. Glick
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic nematodes have been estimated to annually cause around US $173 billion in damage to plant crops worldwide. Moreover, with global climate change, it has been suggested that the damage to crops from nematodes is likely to increase in the future. Currently, a variety of potentially dangerous and toxic chemical agents are used to limit the damage to crops by plant-parasitic nematodes. As an alternative to chemicals and a more environmentally friendly means of decreasing nematode damage to plants, researchers have begun to examine the possible use of various soil bacteria, including plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Here, the current literature on some of the major mechanisms employed by these soil bacteria is examined. It is expected that within the next 5–10 years, as scientists continue to elaborate the mechanisms used by these bacteria, biocontrol soil bacteria will gradually replace the use of chemicals as nematicides.

Resistance and tolerance of grapevine rootstocks to plant parasitic nematodes in vineyards in north-east Victoria

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
North East ◽  
Tylenchulus Semipenetrans ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Citrus Nematode ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Three grapevine rootstock trials in North-East Victoria, Australia, were sampled over several summers to determine nematode populations and the resistance or the tolerance of some commonly used winegrape varieties and rootstocks to plant parasitic nematodes. Rootstocks on which nematodes failed to reproduce or reproduced poorly were considered resistant, rootstocks which supported high populations of nematodes with no apparent effect on yield were considered tolerant. Susceptible rootstocks supported high numbers of nematodes and yielded poorly. The varieties studied were: Shiraz, Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon; and the rootstocks were: Harmony, Richter 110, Schwarzmann, ARG No. 1, 5A Teleki, Rupestris du Lot, 5BB Kober, SO4, Ramsey, K5 1-32 and 1202. The plant parasitic nematodes found on the trial sites were root-knot (Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood) and citrus (Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb) nematodes. Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Shiraz and ARG No. 1 were susceptible to the root-knot nematode. Harmony exhibited tolerance to the citrus nematode and was a good host, allowing a large population to build up. Ramsey appeared to be resistant to the citrus nematode, at least in the Cabernet Sauvignon rootstock trial at Wahgunyah.

scholarly journals Nematodes associated with plant growth inhibition in the Wielkopolska region

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Winiszewska ◽  
Ewa Dmowska ◽  
Aneta Chałańska ◽  
Renata Dobosz ◽  
Franciszek Kornobis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
First Time ◽  
Plant Parasitic ◽  
Plant Growth Inhibition

Abstract The list of species of the plant parasitic nematodes presented in this paper (133 species belonging to 14 families) is based on the results of faunistic research conducted in the Wielkopolska region by Polish nematologists up until the year 2010, and the results obtained from the project “Elaboration of Innovative Methods for Rapid Identification of Nematodes Causing Damage to the Economy” managed by the Museum and Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences. During the two years of the project (2010-2011) we found 21 species of nematodes which had not yet been reported in the list of species from the Wielkopolska region. Two of them were reported for the first time in Poland.

Host suitability of cover crops for Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-666
Author(s):  
Paula Santos Ferreira ◽  
José Luiz Rodrigues Torres ◽  
Maria Amelia dos Santos ◽  
Ricardo de Oliveira Parolini ◽  
Ernane Miranda Lemes
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Summary Management of plant-parasitic nematodes in no-tillage systems relies on knowledge of the species, their abundance and their host range in a certain cropping area. Crop rotation is one of the most efficient techniques in the control of plant-parasitic nematodes; thus, the identification of non-host plant species is essential. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the host suitability of different cover crops used in crop rotations to control two of the most devastating plant-parasitic nematodes in the Brazilian central region, Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita. Two experiments were conducted in a completely randomised design under glasshouse conditions. In the M. incognita experiment, seven treatments (cover crops) were evaluated: Crotalaria juncea (sunn hemp; CJ), Stylosanthes humilis (Townsville stylo; TS), Pennisetum glaucum (millet; M), Triticum aestivum (wheat; W), Mucuna aterrima (black mucuna, BM), Glycine max (soybean treated with nematicide (fluensulfona) (SN) and soybean without nematicide (SwN)). In the M. javanica experiment, nine treatments were evaluated: Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea), Brassica napus (canola), B. nigra (mustard), CJ, M, W, BM, SN and SwN. The evaluations were performed 60 days after inoculation, when eggs and juveniles were present in the plant roots and soil, and the nematode reproduction factors (RF) were determined. The results indicated that CJ, M and BM were effective in controlling M. javanica and M. incognita. The SwN and even SN resulted in high RF and were not effective in the control of M. javanica and M. incognita.

scholarly journals Functions of Flavonoids in Plant–Nematode Interactions

Plants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Chin ◽  
Carolyn Behm ◽  
Ulrike Mathesius
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Plant Nematode ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Most land plants can become infected by plant parasitic nematodes in the field. Plant parasitic nematodes can be free-living or endoparasitic, and they usually infect plant roots. Most damaging are endoparasites, which form feeding sites inside plant roots that damage the root system and redirect nutrients towards the parasite. This process involves developmental changes to the root in parallel with the induction of defense responses. Plant flavonoids are secondary metabolites that have roles in both root development and plant defense responses against a range of microorganisms. Here, we review our current knowledge of the roles of flavonoids in the interactions between plants and plant parasitic nematodes. Flavonoids are induced during nematode infection in plant roots, and more highly so in resistant compared with susceptible plant cultivars, but many of their functions remain unclear. Flavonoids have been shown to alter feeding site development to some extent, but so far have not been found to be essential for root–parasite interactions. However, they likely contribute to chemotactic attraction or repulsion of nematodes towards or away from roots and might help in the general plant defense against nematodes. Certain flavonoids have also been associated with functions in nematode reproduction, although the mechanism remains unknown. Much remains to be examined in this area, especially under field conditions.

Plant-parasitic nematodes in sugarcane fields in Kitadaito Island (Okinawa), Japan, as a potential sugarcane growth inhibitor

Nematology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 807-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Kawanobe ◽  
Naoko Miyamaru ◽  
Koichi Yoshida ◽  
Takeshi Kawanaka ◽  
Koki Toyota
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Sugarcane Plant ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Sugarcane is the main industrial crop in Kitadaito Island (Okinawa), Japan, and the objective of this study was to estimate potential damage to sugarcane by plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN). We selected 15 sugarcane fields with the same cultivar and cropping type in Kitadaito Island. Various kinds of PPN were found in all the fields and the proportion of PPN to the total nematode number was ca 50%, which is relatively high compared to other Japanese upland fields. Lesion (Pratylenchus sp.), stunt (Tylenchorhynchus sp.) and spiral (Helicotylenchus sp.) nematodes were detected at mean densities of 48, 22 and 6 (20 g soil)−1, respectively, from all the fields, and lance (Hoplolaimus sp.) and ring nematodes from half of the fields. The results suggested that sugarcane fields in Kitadaito Island were ubiquitously infested with a variety of PPN with a relatively high abundance. One of the fields was studied further to examine the potential relationship between PPN and sugarcane plant growth. Since no nematicide is registered for sugarcane fields in Japan, an appropriate agrochemical was selected by testing its efficacy against PPN before evaluating the relationship between a PPN community and sugarcane growth. The results of a 10-week pot experiment for sugarcane growth showed that the number of PPN decreased by applying a nematicide fosthiazate, and that sugarcane seedling biomass was significantly greater by 34-63% in soils with applied nematicide than in non-applied control soils, suggesting that PPN may suppress sugarcane growth in Kitadaito Island.

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