FatalTheileria orientalisN2 genotype infection among Asian water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in a commercial dairy farm in Kerala, India

Parasitology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
KULANGARA VINODKUMAR ◽  
VARIKKOTTIL SHYMA ◽  
DAVIS KOLLANNUR JUSTIN ◽  
SIVASAILAM ASHOK ◽  
JOSEPH PARASSERY ANU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Theileria Orientalis ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Asian Water

SUMMARYFifteen dairy buffaloes of a farm in the state of Kerala, India developed fatal oriental theileriosis within 2 months of their procurement. Typical piroplasms ofTheileria orientaliswere observed in the erythrocytes of all affected animals by Giemsa–Leishman staining of blood smears. Case fatality rate was 87·5% (seven out of eight) in the clinically progressed cases. Therapeutic management with anti-theilerial drugs buparvaquone and oxytetracycline led to recovery of seven other animals in less advanced stages of the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the reasons for increased virulence of this pathogen, hitherto considered to be benign. Acute haemolytic anaemia was the predominant haematological finding in the affected animals. Lymphocytic infiltration and degeneration of vital organs leading to functional derangement was the cause of the high mortality. Identification ofT. orientaliswas confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA sequencing of the PCR products revealed close identity with already reported sequences ofT. orientalis/buffeliN2 genotype. The sequences were deposited in GenBank with accession number KM609973 and KM043772.Rhipicephalusticks, previously not reported as vectors for oriental theileriosis, were identified as the potential vectors. This is the first report of fatal oriental theileriosis in Asian water buffaloes.

First report of Nosomma monstrosum ticks infesting Asian water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Pakistan 

2022 ◽  
pp. 101899
Author(s):  
Ome Aiman ◽  
Shafi Ullah ◽  
Lidia Chitimia-Dobler ◽  
Ard M. Nijhof ◽  
Abid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
First Report ◽  
Asian Water

Molecular assays reveal the presence of Theileria spp. and Babesia spp. in Asian water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis, Linnaeus, 1758) in the Amazon region of Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1017-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia A.G. Silveira ◽  
Cairo H.S. de Oliveira ◽  
Bruna T. Silvestre ◽  
Tatiana T. Albernaz ◽  
Rômulo C. Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Molecular Assays ◽  
Asian Water ◽  
Babesia Spp ◽  
Theileria Spp

scholarly journals A Defined Antigen Skin Test for Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis in Domestic Water Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun Kumar ◽  
Mahavir Singh ◽  
Babu Lal Jangir ◽  
Devan Arora ◽  
Sreenidhi Srinivasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Water Buffaloes

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) remains endemic in domestic water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in India and elsewhere, with limited options for control other than testing and slaughter. The prescribed tuberculin skin tests with purified protein derivative (PPD) for diagnosis of bTB preclude the use of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-based vaccination because of the antigenic cross-reactivity of vaccine strains with Mycobacterium bovis and related pathogenic members of the M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC). For the diagnosis of bTB in domestic water buffaloes, we here assessed a recently described defined-antigen skin test (DST) that comprises overlapping peptides representing the ESAT-6, CFP-10 and Rv3615c antigens, present in disease-causing members of the MTBC but missing in BCG strains. The performance characteristics of three doses (5, 10 or 20 μg/peptide) of the DST were assessed in natural tuberculin skin test reactor (n = 11) and non-reactor (n = 35) water buffaloes at an organized dairy farm in Hisar, India, and results were compared with the single intradermal skin test (SIT) using standard bovine tuberculin (PPD-B). The results showed a dose-dependent response of DST in natural reactor water buffaloes, although the SIT induced a significantly greater (P < 0.001) skin test response than the highest dose of DST used. However, using a cut-off of 2 mm or greater, the 5, 10, and 20 μg DST cocktail correctly classified eight, 10 and all 11 of the SIT-positive reactors, respectively, suggesting that the 20 μg DST cocktail has a diagnostic sensitivity (Se) of 1.0 (95% CI: 0.72–1.0) identical to that of the SIT. Importantly, none of the tested DST doses induced any measurable skin induration responses in the 35 SIT-negative animals, suggesting a specificity point estimate of 1.0 (95% CI: 0.9–1.0), also identical to that of the SIT and compares favorably with that of the comparative cervical test (Se = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.55–0.98). Overall, the results suggest that similar to tuberculin, the DST enables sensitive and specific diagnosis of bTB in water buffaloes. Future field trials to explore the utility of DST as a defined antigen replacement for tuberculin in routine surveillance programs and to enable BCG vaccination of water buffaloes are warranted.

The rediscovery of malaria parasites of ungulates

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 143 (12) ◽  
pp. 1501-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS J. TEMPLETON ◽  
ELLEN MARTINSEN ◽  
MORAKOT KAEWTHAMASORN ◽  
OSAMU KANEKO
Keyword(s):  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Capra Aegagrus ◽  
Asian Water ◽  
Anopheline Mosquitoes

SUMMARYOver a hundred years since their first description in 1913, the sparsely described malaria parasites (genus Plasmodium) of ungulates have been rediscovered using molecular typing techniques. In the span of weeks, three studies have appeared describing the genetic characterization and phylogenetic analyses of malaria parasites from African antelope (Cephalophus spp.) and goat (Capra aegagrus hircus), Asian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), and North American white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Here we unify the contributions from those studies with the literature on pre-molecular characterizations of ungulate malaria parasites, which are largely based on surveys of Giemsa-reagent stained blood smears. We present a phylogenetic tree generated from all available ungulate malaria parasite sequence data, and show that parasites from African duiker antelope and goat, Asian water buffalo and New World white-tailed deer group together in a clade, which branches early in Plasmodium evolution. Anopheline mosquitoes appear to be the dominant, if not sole vectors for parasite transmission. We pose questions for future phylogenetic studies, and discuss topics that we hope will spur further molecular and cellular studies of ungulate malaria parasites.

Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in female water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from the southeastern region of Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.U Fujii ◽  
N Kasai ◽  
S.M Nishi ◽  
J.P Dubey ◽  
S.M Gennari
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Southeastern Region

Validation of salivary ferning based estrus identification method in a large population of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) using Foldscope

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 100528
Author(s):  
Gangu Naidu Surla ◽  
Aparna Hebbar ◽  
Varun Kumar ◽  
Varij Nayan ◽  
Veerappa Gowdar Vedamurthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Identification Method

scholarly journals Molecular diagnosis of Hepatozoon canis in symptomatic dogs in the city of Goiania, Goiás, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1431-1439
Author(s):  
S.C. Duarte ◽  
J.A. Parente ◽  
O.J. Silveira Neto ◽  
V.S. Jayme ◽  
T.S.A. Bastos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Hepatozoon Americanum ◽  
The City ◽  
Veterinary Hospital

ABSTRACT More than 300 species have been described in the genus Hepatozoon, occurring in different vertebrates. Among these, only Hepatozoon canis and Hepatozoon americanum are seen in dogs. Different methods may be used for laboratory diagnosis. The most common of these is direct parasitological examination of parasite stages in blood smears. The aim of this investigation was to conduct a phylogenetic study on Hepatozoon isolates from symptomatic dogs in the city of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Blood samples were obtained from 40 symptomatic dogs that had been referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Goiás. Among these, only two samples were positive for Hepatozoon spp. using the direct parasitological method. These samples were then subjected to a DNA extraction process and amplification of a fragment of the 18S rRNA by means of PCR. Subsequently, the PCR products from each sample were purified and sequenced. The sequences obtained were then analyzed using the BLASTn algorithm, which identified both sequences of this study as Hepatozoon canis. By applying the Mega4 software, it was confirmed that these isolates of H. canis from dogs in Goiânia are similar to other reference isolates of the same species from other regions of Brazil and worldwide.

Bronchogenic Carcinoma in Indian Water Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 462-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. U. Kharole ◽  
B. S. Gill ◽  
P. P. Gupta ◽  
Balwant Singh
Keyword(s):  
Bronchogenic Carcinoma ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Indian Water ◽  
Water Buffaloes

scholarly journals A coprological survey of gastro-intestinal parasites of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Kurigram district of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAA Mamun ◽  
N Begum ◽  
MMH Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Toxocara Vitulorum ◽  
Coprological Examination ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Paramphistomum Cervi

Epidemiology of gastro-intestinal parasites of water buffaloes was investigated in Kurigram district of Bangladesh between November 2007 and October 2008 through coprological examination. A total of 236 water buffaloes were examined, among them 144 (61.02%) buffaloes were found infected with one or more species of gastro-intestinal parasites. Nine species of gastro-intestinal parasites were identified, of them four species were trematodes, namely, Paramphistomum cervi (29.24%), Fasciola gigantica (22.46%), Schistosoma indicum (1.27%), Schistosoma spindale (0.85%); three species were nematodes, namely, Toxocara vitulorum (2.54%), Strongyles (0.85%), Strongyloides sp. (0.42%) and two species were protozoa, namely, Eimeria sp. (3.39%) and Balantidium coli (37.29%). No cestode was detected. Among the gastro-intestinal parasites mixed infection was common. In this investigation, prevalence of parasites in relation to age, sex and seasonal dynamics was also studied. Significantly (p<0.01) higher prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites was observed in rainy season followed by summer and winter seasons. Males and females were almost equally (odd ratio 1.08) susceptible to gastro-intestinal parasitic infection. In the age groups, young (< 2 to 5 years) were mostly (p<0.01) susceptible to gastro-intestinal parasites. In the present study, EPG (Egg/cyst Per Gram of Feces) was also determined. The range of EPG varied from 100-5000 among the identified parasites. The results of the present investigation revealed that the prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites in buffaloes is very common and quite severe. It is imperative that integrated strategies and measures be taken to control gastrointestinal parasitic infections in buffaloes in kurigram district and elsewhere in Bangladesh. Keywords: Buffalo; Gastro-intestinal parasites; Kurigram district DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i1.8752 JBAU 2011; 9(1): 103-109

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