First report of Onchocerca lupi from Israel and confirmation of two genotypes circulating among canine, feline and human hosts

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (14) ◽  
pp. 1723-1727
Author(s):  
A Rojas ◽  
H Salant ◽  
D Yasur-Landau ◽  
H Tsarfati ◽  
G Baneth
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Veterinary Clinic ◽  
Onchocerca Lupi ◽  
Haplotype Networks ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Dehydrogenase ◽  
Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

AbstractOnchocerca lupi is a parasitic filarioid and the causative agent of canine ocular onchocercosis, a zoonotic disease of domestic dogs with sporadic reports in humans. A 13-year-old dog with no travel history outside of Israel was presented to an ophthalmology veterinary clinic in Israel with severe right ocular and periocular disease. After surgical exploration, thin helminths were removed from the dorsal sclera of the eye and identified as Onchocerca lupi by polymerase chain reaction according to the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 5 (nad5) and 12S rRNA genes. Phylogenetic trees and haplotype networks of the cox1 and nad5 genes confirmed the circulation of two genotypes: genotype 1 with worms from dogs, cats and humans from both the Old and New Worlds, and genotype 2 with specimens from Portugal and Spain. The Israeli sequences clustered in genotype 1 and were identical to O. lupi from the USA. Evidence of two genotypes separated geographically sheds light on the phylogeography and evolution of this zoonotic pathogen, and suggests a diverse pathology observed in different regions of the world.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization ofCryptosporidium Strains from 218 Patients with Diarrhea Diagnosed as Having Sporadic Cryptosporidiosis

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 3153-3158 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. McLauchlin ◽  
S. Pedraza-Díaz ◽  
C. Amar-Hoetzeneder ◽  
G. L. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
18S Rrna ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Adhesive Protein ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
History Of ◽  
18S Rrna Genes

Samples of whole feces in which Cryptosporidium oocysts were recognized by hospital laboratories were collected from 218 patients with diarrhea. All samples were reexamined by light microscopy, and oocysts were detected in 211 samples. A simple and rapid procedure for the extraction of DNA from whole feces was developed, and this was used to amplify fragments of theCryptosporidium outer wall protein (COWP), the thrombospondin-related adhesive protein C1 (TRAP-C1), and the 18S rRNA genes by PCR. For seven samples oocysts were not detected by microscopy and DNA failed to be amplified by the three PCR procedures. Among the 211 samples “positive” by microscopy, the sensitivities of PCRs for the 18S rRNA, COWP, and TRAP-C1 gene fragments were 97, 91, and 66%, respectively. The sensitivities of all three PCR procedures increased with increasing numbers of oocysts as observed by microscopy. Two genotypes of the COWP and TRAP-C1 genes can be detected by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. With this series of samples, the same genotypes of the COWP and TRAP-C1 genes always segregated together. A combined genotyping data set was produced for isolates from 194 samples: 74 (38%) were genotype 1 and 120 (62%) were genotype 2. Genotype 2 was detected in a significantly greater proportion of the samples with small numbers of oocysts, and genotype 1 was detected in a significantly greater proportion of the samples with larger numbers of oocysts. There were no significant differences in the distribution of the genotypes by patient sex and age. The distribution of the genotypes was significantly different both in patients with a history of foreign travel and in those from different regions in England.

Epstein - Barr virus epidemiology in HIV infected transsexuals

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sadia Salahuddin ◽  
Joharia Azhar ◽  
Hasham Akhtar ◽  
Jabbar Khan ◽  
Noor Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr

Abstract Objectives: To molecularly characterise the relationship between Epstein-Barr virus genotypes and Pashtun ethnicity. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2018 to December 2019 after approval from the Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan, and comprised blood samples from transgender sex workers who were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus-1 and seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus residing in two cities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and Islamabad, the federal capital. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples were collected retrospectively, but collection of blood samples from the study subjects was purely on the basis of physical availability. ?-globin gene and EBER-1 were amplified for qualitative assessment and existence of Epstein-Barr virus. Characterisation of EBNA-2 was done through nested polymerase chain reaction. Results: Of the 80 subjects, 40(50%) each were seropositive and seronegative individuals. The overall mean age was 28±6.917 years. Among the seropositive group, 38(95%) were homosexual and 2(5%) were heterosexual. Among the seropositive group, 16(40%) had Epstein-Barr virus genotype 1 and 6(15%) had genotype 2, while co-infections were found in 2(5%) subjects. In the seronegative group, 36(90%) subjects had Epstein-Barr virus genotype 1, while there was no case of genotype 2 or co-infection. EBV-2 genotypes with HIV seropositivity showed strong association (p=0.005). Amplification for the EBER-1 gene was done in all the 80(100%) samples. Conclusion: Epstein-Barr virus EBV genotype 1 was found to be the most frequent type, while genotype 2 and co-infections were detected only seropositive samples. Continuous...

scholarly journals High SVR-Rates in Patients With HCV Genotype 1-Infection, Who Are Dually Infected With Either Genotype 2 or 3 and Treated With PEG-IFNα-2B and Ribavirin

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. S-948
Author(s):  
Stefan Mauss ◽  
Gerlinde Teuber ◽  
Elmar Zehnter ◽  
Michael P. Manns ◽  
Tarek Dahhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Hcv Genotype ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Hcv Genotype 1

scholarly journals Successful Kidney Transplantation in a Recipient Coinfected with Hepatitis C Genotype 2 and HIV from a Donor Infected with Hepatitis C Genotype 1 in the Direct-Acting Antiviral Era

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Farmakiotis ◽  
Zoe Weiss ◽  
Amy L. Brotherton ◽  
Paul Morrissey ◽  
Reginald Gohh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Kidney Graft ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Direct Acting Antiviral ◽  
First Case ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Transplant Candidates

Despite significant advances in transplantation of HIV-infected individuals, little is known about HIV coinfected patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes other than genotype 1, especially when receiving HCV-infected organs with a different genotype. We describe the first case of kidney transplantation in a man coinfected with hepatitis C and HIV in our state. To our knowledge, this is also the first report of an HIV/HCV/HBV tri-infected patient with non-1 (2a) HCV genotype who received an HCV-infected kidney graft with the discordant genotype (1a), to which he converted after transplant. Our case study highlights the following: (1) transplant centers need to monitor wait times for an HCV-infected organ and regularly assess the risk of delaying HCV antiviral treatment for HCV-infected transplant candidates in anticipation of the transplant from an HCV-infected donor; (2) closer monitoring of tacrolimus levels during the early phases of anti-HCV protease inhibitor introduction and discontinuation may be indicated; (3) donor genotype transmission can occur; (4) HIV/HCV coinfected transplant candidates require a holistic approach with emphasis on the cardiovascular risk profile and low threshold for cardiac catheterization as part of their pretransplant evaluation.

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