Hemorrhagic Meningoencephalomyelitis Due to Ectopic Localization of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus in a Cat: First Case Report

The lungworm Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is one of the main causes of respiratory diseases in cats worldwide. This report describes the unusual case of a kitten infected with A. abstrusus and presented to a veterinary clinic in Brazil with lethargy, dysphagia, non-ambulatory tetraplegia, and pelvic limbs bilateral myoclonus. The clinical picture of the kitten worsened with generalized flaccid tetraplegia and death a few days after hospitalization. At necropsy, hemorrhagic necrosis and subarachnoid hemorrhages were detected in several areas of the central nervous system. Nematode stages were found at post-mortem histological examinations in lungs, cerebellum, subarachnoid space of the brain and spinal cord. Microscopic and molecular (PCRs-coupled-sequencing protocols) examination showed the presence of A. abstrusus in histological samples. This study describes the first neurological aelurostrongylosis due to ectopic localization of adult worms in the central nervous system of a cat, causing acute hemorrhagic multifocal meningoencephalomyelitis. Further studies are necessary to elucidate whether unusual localizations and the migration of A. abstrusus are more frequent than expected.

Bacteriological Identification among Patients Attending at Jimma University Veterinary Clinic

Findings of conducted study showed that the predominant bacteria in Jimma University Veterinary Clinic. Among predominant bacteria identified includes; Escherichia coli 46 (34.3%), Klebsiella 23(17.2%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus 40(29.9%) and Streptococcus spp 25(18.7%). Among 4 species of bacteria isolated, 2 were gram negative and 2 of them was gram positive bacteria. Among the antibiotic susceptibility test, Staphylococcus aureus showed the total resistant on penicillin while tetracycline showed to have the highest sensitivity. Escherichia coli showed the total resistant on gentamicin (100%). Veterinary Clinic is at risk of acquiring bacterial infections due to the presence of mentioned bacteria during this study. The big issue is that these infections resist to antibiotics used in treatment according to results of the study. Health care workers in Veterinary Clinic should improve hygiene to control clinic acquired infections and much attention should be done during diagnosis to improve treatment of patients.

First description of sarcoptic mange in a wild coati (Nasua narica), in Ecuador, and cooccurrence of canine distemper virus

We present a case of Sarcoptes and canine distemper virus (CDV) infection in a white-nosed coati (Nasua narica) that was trapped in the dry tropical forest of Cerro Blanco reserve, located in the coastal region of Ecuador. Sarcoptic mange is a highly contagious and zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution that causes epidemics. Mange is produced by Sarcoptes mites that causes severe epidermal damage. Secondary infections and physiological constrictions without treatment can lead to death of the host. In addition, cooccurrence of canine distemper virus was detected via iiRT-PCR from serum samples. Physical analyses showed that 90% of the skin was affected by severe alopecia due to the sarcoptic mange infection. The presence of mites and histopathological analyses confirmed the diagnosis of infection. This coati was taken to a veterinary clinic and was fed every day, but it died after four days. This is the first report of sarcoptic mange and the first report of CDV in white-nosed coatis in South America. Further studies are needed in this region, to seek out other suspected cases, given the high capacity for disease transmission. Preventive actions to avoid epidemic and zoonotic episodes are needed.

Evaluation of an improved Giemsa staining technique for blood borne parasite in thick and thin blood film from dogs

Many a times the use of rapid diagnostic tests for blood borne parasites like trypanosomiasis and Babesiosis is increasingly being used, but the gold standard for its detection is still the use of microscopy both as reference and confirmatory diagnosis. To determine the effectiveness of the adjusted stock giemsa staining technique over the conventional methods. Venous Blood samples were collected from 10 dogs in EDTA and then used for the simultaneous preparation of two thin and thick smear slides, one stained according to Giemsa 1:20 dilution for 30 mins while the other was stained using the Stock Solution for 30seconds the diluted with buffered saline for 20seconds and rinsed. Fixation of the thin smear was done in a covered staining jar containing anhydrous methanol for 1 to 2 min, after which the slides were air-dried. From the result obtained from 10 dogs blood samples gotten from the veterinary clinic, the adjusted giemsa staining technique showed a positive differentiation when compared to the 1:20 dilution, a total of 7 blood samples tested positive for blood borne parasites, Trypanosoma evansi, Babesiosis cani and Heart worm. The highest percentage occurrence was T.evansi (40%), Babesiosis cani(20%) and Heart worm (10%).The adjusted Giemsa staining technique serves as a fast, easy and less complex alternative to the 1:20 dilution, where the solution has to be diluted from the stock solution and then stained, although the only disadvantage to this technique would be easy contamination of the stock solution, but the advantages here is that it saves time, quicker result output and better differentiation microscopically.

STUDY OF ANIMAL CONTROL SYSTEM IN A VETERINARY CLINIC USING THE ARDUINO PLATFORM

A study of a software package for monitoring the state of animals has been carried out. An algorithm for the operation of the system for monitoring the state of animals has been compiled. special attention is paid to the way the modules interact with the Arduino platform.

Implementasi Algoritma Dijkstra dalam Pencarian Klinik Hewan Terdekat

The application of technology that is increasingly developing is almost felt to benefit in various aspects of life, one of which is in terms of searching for veterinary clinics. This study aims to help animal owners who have difficulty in finding clinics and shops that sell various kinds of animal needs closest to the user's location. This research uses the Scrum method, which consists of Product Backlog, Sprint Backlog, Sprint and Imcrement. The output from Dijkstra's algorithm can display the location and route of the closest veterinary clinic to application users wherever they are in an average of 4 minutes 29 seconds.

FIMOSE CONGÊNITA EM CÃO: RELATO DE CASO

Phimosis is a rare condition in dogs, characterized by the inability to externalize the penis from inside the foreskin, resulting in discomfort for the affected animals. This disease can be congenital or acquired, secondary to inflammatory, neoplastic, lacerations and scarring. The most common complication of phimosis is balanoposthitis. The objective was to report the case of phimosis in a canine puppy, seen at the veterinary clinic Uningá. The 2-month-old dog, SRD, presented an increase in foreskin volume, polyuria, dysuria and pain in the manipulation of the foreskin. There were no changes in hematological tests. The animal in question was submitted to an ultrasound examination to rule out other possible causes of phimosis, such as neoplasms, for example. The patient was referred for a postioplasty and elective orchiectomy procedure. We conclude that phimosis in dogs is a rare condition, but it has a good prognosis in the short and medium terms, as long as the surgical intervention is performed correctly.

Case Report: Spontaneous Appendicitis With Suspected Involvement of Klebsiella variicola in Two Pet Rabbits

Although laboratory rabbits are commonly used as models of appendicitis in man, spontaneous appendicitis was only described ante-mortem in one pet rabbit with an acute abdomen. The aim of this article is to describe two spontaneous cases of appendicitis in pet rabbits, to describe therapeutic appendectomy, and to discuss the microbial flora of the inflamed appendix. A 5-month-old intact female and a 16-month-old, neutered male were presented to the veterinary clinic with restlessness, anorexia, and reduced faecal output. The main clinical findings were restlessness, severe discomfort on abdominal palpation, a mid-abdominal palpable tubulous mass and an elevated rectal temperature. Blood analyses showed lymphocytosis, monocytosis, and hyperglycaemia. Radiography was inconclusive. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a presence of a tubular structure with wall thicknesses of 4.2 and 3.7 mm in the two rabbits, respectively. The tubular structure had a rounded, closed end, and a multilayered wall, suggestive of appendicitis. Due to metabolic acidosis and poor prognosis, the first rabbit was euthanized. In the 16-month-old rabbit, appendectomy was performed. Recovery was uneventful, and 4 h after surgery, the rabbit started to become normally active. Postoperative care consisted of fluid therapy, multimodal analgesia, supportive care and prokinetics. Follow-up examinations at 10 days, 1 month, and at 11 months after the surgery did not show any abnormal clinical or laboratory findings. Histopathological examination of appendices from both rabbits showed gangrenous appendicitis. Aerobic cultivation showed the presence of pure culture of Klebsiella variicola sensitive to enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, tetracycline, cefuroxime, trimethoprim sulphonamide, neomycin, and gentamicin. Restlessness associated with anorexia, abdominal pain, palpable abdominal mass, hyperglycaemia, lymphocytosis, and elevated rectal temperature may be indicative of inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract. Abdominal ultrasound is recommended in rabbits with showing these clinical signs because radiography can be inconclusive. Appendicitis is a life-threatening condition, which should be included into the list of differential diagnoses; for the rabbit, an acute abdomen and gastrointestinal stasis syndrome and must be treated immediately. K. variicola may be associated with appendicitis in rabbits as a causative agent or in association with appendix intraluminal dysmicrobia.

Assessment of Veterinary Extension Service and Public Perception on Major Infectious and Zoonotic Disease at Robe Veterinary Clinic of Bale Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

Background A survey-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to August 2021 to assess veterinary extension service and public perception on major infectious and zoonotic diseases at Robe veterinary clinic. 384 animal owners who brought their animals for treatment were interviewed. Results The result indicated that 70.8% of respondents had no veterinary extension service. The majority (88%) had no access to the veterinary consultant. Although 51.6% of them used AI, only 7.8% of them know how to detect estrous. The most frequently known zoonotic diseases were Rabies (96.6%) followed by Anthrax (33.07%), and Tuberculosis (4.2%). Out of the 96.6% of respondents that replied to know about Rabies, 51.8% of them mentioned the disease can be transmitted only through dog biting while 14.8% of them say through biting and contact with saliva. Likewise, only 43.3% of respondents perceive that Anthrax is transmitted through ingestion, whereas 85% of them mentioned Tuberculosis can be transmitted from animal to humans only through inhalation. Although most animal owners prefer early treatment of animals in the veterinary clinic, there are also practices of traditional animal treatment. Remarkable only 16.4% and 24.7% of respondents know the importance of vaccination and slaughterhouse respectively. 93.8% and 94.8% of them still consume raw milk and meat respectively. Conclussion : The finding indicates that veterinary extension services are a neglected venture; the knowledge, attitude, and practice on prevention and control of major infectious and zoonotic diseases are still insufficient. Therefore there should be multidisciplinary one-health approach in educating the community about infectious and zoonotic diseases.

Microorganisms causing of clinical pathologies in canines and domestic felines in Valledupar, Colombia

The pathologies caused by microbial groups generate health risks in domestic dogs and cats; showing a zoonotic potential and producing affections in humans. According to that background, the purpose of this study was to establish the main microorganisms causing clinical pathologies in domestic dogs and cats by reviewing medical records in a veterinary clinic in Valledupar, Colombia. In order to do that, a retrospective study was conducted with clinical histories of dogs and cats admitted during 2017 and 2018 to the veterinary clinic “Mis Mejores Amigos”. Based on the information, a descriptive, explanatory and statistical analysis was applied, the latter by means of a Sperman correlation to evaluate the relationship between race, sex, age, microbial group and pathology-pathogen. From a total of 462 reports of canines and felines admitted to the clinic, a total of 273 diagnoses were obtained. 4% of the felines and 24% of the canines were affected by some microbial group. The most prevalent microorganisms in canines were Ancylostoma spp. (9 %) Entamoeba histolytica (5%) Ehrlichia spp. (5%), and Isospora sp. (5%) while in felines were Haemobartonella felis (20%) and Haemobartonella spp. (17%). It was determined that there is only correlation between the age of felines and the microbial group that affects them, in addition to the pathology presented with the pathogen. It was observed a high percentage of Ancylostoma sp. (9%) in canines of mongrel and French Poodle breeds whilst in felines was found the bacterium Haemobartonella felis in 20% of the mongrel breeds.