Obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizophrenia in three identical twin pairs

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Lewis ◽  
B. Chitkara ◽  
A. M. Revelely
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Changes

SYNOPSISThree monozygotic twin pairs are described who are concordant for DSM-III-R obsessive-compulsive disorder while being discordant for schizophrenia or schizoaffiective disorder. Follow-up interview showed the non-psychotic co-twins to have schizotypal personality disorder. It is concluded that obsessive-compulsive and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders can truly co-exits, thus supporting diagnostic changes introduced into DSM-III-R, and may in some cases be inherited together.

Variable Insight in OCD

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Hamblin ◽  
Jennifer Moonjung Park ◽  
Monica S. Wu ◽  
Eric A. Storch
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) often have good insight into the irrational nature of their obsessions and the excessive character of their compulsions, but insight exists along a continuum and is markedly poor in some patients. This chapter reviews the assessment and phenomenological correlates of variable insight in OCD in both pediatric and adult populations. It reviews the definition of insight and its relationship to the evolution of diagnostic criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder, as well as the major assessment tools used to measure and quantify insight for clinical and research purposes. The relationships between insight and clinical characteristics of OCD, including symptom severity, comorbidity, and treatment response are reviewed, followed by a review of neurobiological correlates of insight and the relationship between poor insight and schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

scholarly journals Schizophrenia-spectrum psychopathology in obsessive–compulsive disorder: an empirical study

2019 ◽  
Vol 270 (8) ◽  
pp. 993-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Rosén Rasmussen ◽  
Julie Nordgaard ◽  
Josef Parnas
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Main Diagnosis ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum

Abstract The differential diagnosis of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders can be difficult. In the current diagnostic criteria, basic concepts such as obsession and delusion overlap. This study examined lifetime schizophrenia-spectrum psychopathology, including subtle schizotypal symptomatology and subjective anomalies such as self-disorders, in a sample diagnosed with OCD in a specialized setting. The study also examined the differential diagnostic potential of the classic psychopathological notions of true obsession (‘with resistance’) and pseudo-obsession. The study involved 42 outpatients diagnosed with OCD at two clinics specialized in the treatment of OCD. The patients underwent semi-structured, narrative interviews assessing a comprehensive battery of psychopathological instruments. The final lifetime research-diagnosis was based on a consensus between a senior clinical psychiatrist and an experienced research clinician. The study found that 29% of the patients fulfilled criteria of schizophrenia or another non-affective psychosis as main, lifetime DSM-5 research-diagnosis. Another 33% received a research-diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder, 10% a research-diagnosis of major depression and 29% a main research-diagnosis of OCD. Self-disorders aggregated in the schizophrenia-spectrum groups. True obsessions had a specificity of 93% and a sensitivity of 58% for a main diagnosis of OCD. In conclusion, a high proportion of clinically diagnosed OCD patients fulfilled diagnostic criteria of a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. The conspicuous obsessive–compulsive symptomatology may have resulted in a disregard of psychotic symptoms and other psychopathology. Furthermore, the differentiation of obsessions from related psychopathological phenomena is insufficient and a conceptual and empirical effort in this domain is required in the future.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder With Comorbid Schizotypal Personality Disorder: a Novel Clinical Form?

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S497-S497
Author(s):  
F. Perris ◽  
M. Fabrazzo ◽  
V. Prisco ◽  
D. Giacco ◽  
F. Catapano
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Schizotypal Personality Disorder ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Different studies have identified specific clinical characteristics of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in comorbidity with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), although no perspective evaluations of prognosis and response to treatment have been conducted so far. The aims of the present study were to evaluate: (1) the clinical and demographic correlates of OCD patients with comorbid SPD (OCD-SPD) using standardized instruments; (2) the response of OCD-SPD patients to long-term naturalistic pharmacological treatment. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with OCD-SPD were compared to patients with “pure OCD”. OCD-SPD patients were characterized by a greater severity of obsessive-compulsive symptomatology, earlier age at onset, a higher rate of schizophrenia spectrum disorders in their first-degree relatives and a poorer insight. During the observational period, OCD-SPD patients were less likely to achieve remission of their symptomatology and required a greater number of trials with different antipsychotic drugs or received more frequently augmentation with antipsychotics. Our findings suggested that comorbidity with SPD is correlated to a poor treatment response in OCD patients and a reduced likelihood to recover from OCD symptoms, following standard pharmacological treatments. Further research is needed to identify alternative strategies for the management of this cohort of patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Schizotypal personality disorder in clinical obsessive–compulsive disorder samples: a brief overview

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Luigi Attademo ◽  
Francesco Bernardini
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Schizotypal Personality Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Categorical Diagnosis ◽  
Psychotic Features ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic and disabling mental disorder characterized by the presence of obsessions and/or compulsions that cause major distress and impair important areas of functioning. About 9 out of 10 patients with OCD have comorbid psychiatric diagnoses. A high proportion of clinically diagnosed OCD patients fulfill diagnostic criteria of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder, to the point that significant evidence in the literature supports the existence and the clinical relevance of a schizo-obsessive spectrum of disorders, including schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) with OCD (schizotypal OCD). In this paper, we provide a brief but comprehensive analysis of the literature on the clinical coexistence between OCD and SPD. The clinical validity of the so-called schizotypal OCD is analyzed through a comprehensive investigation of the relationship between SPD features and obsessive–compulsive phenomena in clinical OCD samples. This review describes the potential connections between OCD and SPD on the epidemiological, sociodemographic, psychopathological, and clinical levels. SPD is commonly observed in OCD patients: about 10% of OCD patients have a full categorical diagnosis of SPD. Early clinical identification of SPD features—and, more generally, of psychotic features and personality disorders—in OCD patients is strongly recommended. In fact, a proper and early diagnosis with early treatment may have benefits for prognosis. However, although schizotypal OCD seems to have clinical and predictive validity, further neurobiological and genetic studies on etiological specificity are warranted.

Structured Interview for Hoarding Disorder (SIHD)

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-520
Author(s):  
Caterina Novara ◽  
Paolo Cavedini ◽  
Stella Dorz ◽  
Susanna Pardini ◽  
Claudio Sica
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Hoarding Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum

Abstract. The Structured Interview for Hoarding Disorder (SIHD) is a semi-structured interview designed to assist clinicians in diagnosing a hoarding disorder (HD). This study aimed to validate the Italian version of the SIHD. For this purpose, its inter-rater reliability has been analyzed as well as its ability to differentiate HD from other disorders often comorbid. The sample was composed of 74 inpatients who had been diagnosed within their clinical environment: 9 with HD, 11 with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and HD, 22 with OCD, 19 with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 13 with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). The results obtained indicated “substantial” or “perfect” inter-rater reliability for all the core HD criteria, HD diagnosis, and specifiers. The SIHD differentiated between subjects suffering from and not suffering from a HD. Finally, the results indicated “good” convergent validity and high scores were shown in terms of both sensitivity and specificity for HD diagnosis. Altogether, the SIHD represents a useful instrument for evaluating the presence of HD and is a helpful tool for the clinician during the diagnostic process.

scholarly journals Three-Week Inpatient Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A 6-Month Follow-Up Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torun Grøtte ◽  
Bjarne Hansen ◽  
Svein Haseth ◽  
Patrick A. Vogel ◽  
Ismail C. Guzey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Inpatient Treatment ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Follow Up Study
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