scholarly journals The NART as an index of prior intellectual functioning: a retrospective validity study covering a 66-year interval

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. CRAWFORD ◽  
I. J. DEARY ◽  
J. STARR ◽  
L. J. WHALLEY
Keyword(s):  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Reading Test ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
Validity Study ◽  
Concurrent Administration ◽  
Iq Test ◽  
Adult Reading ◽  
National Adult Reading Test ◽  
State Examination

Background. The National Adult Reading Test (NART) is widely used in research and clinical practice as an estimate of pre-morbid or prior ability. However, most of the evidence on the NART's validity as a measure of prior intellectual ability is based on concurrent administration of the NART and an IQ measure.Method. We followed up 179 individuals who had taken an IQ test (the Moray House Test) at age 11 and administered the NART and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at age 77. A subset (N=97) were also re-administered the original IQ test.Results. The correlation between NART performance at age 77 and IQ age 11 was high and statistically significant (r=0·73; P<0·001). This correlation was comparable to the correlation between NART and current IQ, and childhood IQ and current IQ, despite the shared influences on the latter variable pairings. The NART had a significant correlation with the MMSE but this correlation fell to near zero (r=0·02) after partialling out the influence of childhood IQ.Discussion. The pattern of results provides strong support for the claim that the NART primarily indexes prior (rather than current) intellectual ability.

scholarly journals Nithsdale Schizophrenia Surveys 20

2000 ◽  
Vol 177 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kelly ◽  
V. Sharkey ◽  
G. Morrison ◽  
J. Allardyce ◽  
R. G. McCreadie
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Adult Reading ◽  
The Mean ◽  
National Adult Reading Test ◽  
State Examination

BackgroundCognitive deficits are a core aspect of schizophrenia but there has been no study of cognitive function in a catchment-area-based population of patients with schizophrenia.AimsTo assess cognitive function in a population of patients with schizophrenia, and relate it to community functioning.MethodAll patients with schizophrenia in Nithsdale, south-west Scotland, were identified (n=182). Measures of assessment were: National Adult Reading Test (NART), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT), Executive Interview (EXIT), FAS Verbal Fluency and Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS).ResultsWe assessed 138 patients, mean age 48 years (standard deviation (s.d.) 15). Only 14% were in-patients. The mean premorbid IQ as assessed by NART was 98 (s.d. 14); 15% of patients had significant global cognitive impairment (MMSE); 81% had impaired memory (RBMT); 25% had executive dyscontrol (EXIT); and 49% had impaired verbal fluency (FAS). Scores on the functional impairment sub-scale of HoNOS correlated with all measures of cognitive impairment.ConclusionsCognitive dysfunction is pervasive in a community-based population of patients with schizophrenia.

Performance of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) as a screening test for dementia

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 785-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Jorm ◽  
R. Scott ◽  
J. S. Cullen ◽  
A. J. MacKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Research Interview ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Adult Reading ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
National Adult Reading Test ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Very High

SYNOPSISA 26-item informant questionnaire (IQCODE) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were compared as screening tests for dementia in a sample of 69 patients. Dementia diagnoses were made by both a clinician and a research interview using a computer algorithm to meet DSM-III-R and ICD-10 (Draft) criteria. The IQCODE was found to perform at least as well as the MMSE against all diagnoses and significantly better when judged against the algorithmic ICD-10 diagnoses. Also, the IQCODE was found to be uncontaminated by pre-morbid ability as estimated from the National Adult Reading Test and to have very high test–retest reliability after a delay of a day or more.

The National Adult Reading Test as a measure of premorbid IQ in schizophrenia

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Russell ◽  
J. Munro ◽  
P. B. Jones ◽  
P. Hayward ◽  
D. R. Hemsley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reading Test ◽  
Adult Reading ◽  
National Adult Reading Test

scholarly journals Measuring memory impairment in community-based patients with schizophrenia

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Al-Uzri ◽  
M. A. Reveley ◽  
L. Owen ◽  
J. Bruce ◽  
S. Frost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Reading Test ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Impaired Memory ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Adult Reading ◽  
National Adult Reading Test ◽  
Negative Syndrome

BackgroundThe majority of memory impairment studies in schizophrenia are cohort studies using laboratory-based tests, which make it difficult to estimate the true extent and relevance of memory impairment in patients with schizophrenia in the community.AimsTo examine the extent of memory impairment in community-based patients with schizophrenia using a clinically relevant test.MethodAll patients with schizophrenia (n = 190) in one catchment area were identified, of whom 133 were potentially eligible for the study; 73 patients volunteered to take part. They were assessed using the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT), the National Adult Reading Test, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales and the Office for National Statistics Classification of Occupation. Their performance on the memory test was compared with that of matched controls (n=71).ResultsPatients as a group performed significantly worse (P < 0.001) than controls on the RBMT. Using the RBMT normative scores, 81% of patients were found to have impaired memory compared with 28% of controls.ConclusionsUsing a clinically relevant test, the majority of community-based patients with schizophrenia may have memory impairment.

scholarly journals Why is Mini-Mental state examination performance correlated with estimated premorbid cognitive ability?

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 2647-2654 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Dykiert ◽  
G. Der ◽  
J. M. Starr ◽  
I. J. Deary
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Reading Tests ◽  
Adult Reading ◽  
Intelligence Test Scores ◽  
State Examination

BackgroundTests requiring the pronunciation of irregular words are used to estimate premorbid cognitive ability in patients with clinical diagnoses, and prior cognitive ability in normal ageing. However, scores on these word-reading tests correlate with scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), a widely used screening test for possible cognitive pathology. This study aimed to test whether the word-reading tests’ correlations with MMSE scores in healthy older people are explained by childhood IQ or education.MethodWechsler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR), National Adult Reading Test (NART), MMSE scores and information about education were obtained from 1024 70-year-olds, for whom childhood intelligence test scores were available.ResultsWTAR and NART were positively correlated with the MMSE (r ≈ 0.40, p < 0.001). The shared variance of WTAR and NART with MMSE was significantly attenuated by ~70% after controlling for childhood intelligence test scores. Education explained little additional variance in the association between the reading tests and the MMSE.ConclusionsMMSE, which is often used to index cognitive impairment, is associated with prior cognitive ability. MMSE score is related to scores on WTAR and NART largely due to their shared association with prior ability. Obtained MMSE scores should be interpreted in the context of prior ability (or WTAR/NART score as its proxy).

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