scholarly journals Why is Mini-Mental state examination performance correlated with estimated premorbid cognitive ability?

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 2647-2654 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Dykiert ◽  
G. Der ◽  
J. M. Starr ◽  
I. J. Deary
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Reading Tests ◽  
Adult Reading ◽  
Intelligence Test Scores ◽  
State Examination

BackgroundTests requiring the pronunciation of irregular words are used to estimate premorbid cognitive ability in patients with clinical diagnoses, and prior cognitive ability in normal ageing. However, scores on these word-reading tests correlate with scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), a widely used screening test for possible cognitive pathology. This study aimed to test whether the word-reading tests’ correlations with MMSE scores in healthy older people are explained by childhood IQ or education.MethodWechsler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR), National Adult Reading Test (NART), MMSE scores and information about education were obtained from 1024 70-year-olds, for whom childhood intelligence test scores were available.ResultsWTAR and NART were positively correlated with the MMSE (r ≈ 0.40, p < 0.001). The shared variance of WTAR and NART with MMSE was significantly attenuated by ~70% after controlling for childhood intelligence test scores. Education explained little additional variance in the association between the reading tests and the MMSE.ConclusionsMMSE, which is often used to index cognitive impairment, is associated with prior cognitive ability. MMSE score is related to scores on WTAR and NART largely due to their shared association with prior ability. Obtained MMSE scores should be interpreted in the context of prior ability (or WTAR/NART score as its proxy).

Improving precision in the quantification of cognition using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Mini-Mental State Examination

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1107-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Koski ◽  
Haiqun Xie ◽  
Susanna Konsztowicz
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Montreal Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Word Repetition ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
State Examination

ABSTRACTBackground: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) can be used to quantify cognitive ability in older persons undergoing screening for cognitive impairment. Although highly sensitive in detecting mild cognitive impairment, its measurement precision is weakest among persons with milder forms of impairment. We sought to overcome this limitation by integrating information from the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) into the calculation of cognitive ability.Methods: Data from 185 geriatric outpatients screened for cognitive impairment with the MoCA and the MMSE were Rasch analyzed to evaluate the extent to which the MMSE items improved measurement precision in the upper ability ranges of the population.Results: Adding information from the MMSE resulted in a 13.8% (13.3–14.3%) reduction in measurement error, with significant improvements in all quartiles of patient ability. The addition of three-word repetition and recall, copy pentagons, repeat sentence, and write sentence improved measurement of cognition in the upper levels of ability.Conclusions: The algorithm presented here maximizes the yield of available clinical data while improving measurement of cognitive ability, which is particularly important for tracking changes over time in patients with milder levels of impairment.

Tracking Cognitive Decline in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early-Stage Alzheimer Dementia: Mini-Mental State Examination versus Neuropsychological Battery

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 105-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonho Kim ◽  
Han Kyu Na ◽  
Justin Byun ◽  
Jiwon Shin ◽  
Sungsoo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
State Examination

Background/Aims: Although the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SOB), and neuropsychological batteries are widely used for evaluating cognitive function, it remains elusive which instrument best reflects the longitudinal disease progression in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and probable Alzheimer disease (AD). We investigated whether changes in these three instruments over time correlate with loss of cortical gray matter volume (cGMV). Methods: We retrospectively investigated 204 patients (aMCI, n = 114; AD, n = 90) who had undergone MMSE, CDR-SOB, the dementia version of the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery (SNSB-D), and 3-dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance images at least twice. We investigated the partial correlation between annual decline in test scores and percent change of cGMV. Results: In aMCI patients, changes in the SNSB-D total score (r = 0.340, p < 0.001) and CDR-SOB (r = 0.222, p = 0.020), but not MMSE, showed a correlation with cGMV loss, with the SNSB-D total score showing the strongest correlation. In AD patients, decline in all three test scores correlated significantly with cGMV loss, with MMSE exhibiting the strongest correlation (r = 0.464, p < 0.001). Conclusion: In aMCI patients, neuropsychological battery, though time-consuming, was the most adequate tool in tracking disease progression. In AD patients, however, MMSE may be the most effective longitudinal monitoring tool when considering cost-effectiveness.

A Preliminary Report on the Discrepancy between Clinical and Test Evaluations of Competence*

1992 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 634-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Rutman ◽  
Michel Silberfeld
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Process Approach ◽  
Psychometric Test ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Retrospective Examination ◽  
Difficult Cases ◽  
Cognitive Competency

This report demonstrates the discrepancy that can occur between clinical and test evaluations of competence. It presents retrospective examination of 35 assessments of competence performed on 24 subjects by a multidisciplinary competency panel. The findings of the panel are compared with the subjects' results on the Cognitive Competency Test and on the Mini-Mental State Examination. The results show that the multidisciplinary competency panel will more often find subjects competent than indicated by their psychometric test scores. A process approach to the use of tests is recommended. Reliance on tests to decide the outcome of difficult cases does not appear to be warranted.

Spearman's Law of Diminishing Returns in Normative Samples for the WISC-IV and WAIS-III

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald H. Saklofske ◽  
Zhiming Yang ◽  
Jianjun Zhu ◽  
Elizabeth J. Austin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Ability Level ◽  
Diminishing Returns ◽  
Ability Tests ◽  
Intelligence Test Scores

In order to explain observed variations in intelligence test scores, Spearman (1927 ) proposed the “law of diminishing returns” (SLODR). It states that the g saturation of cognitive ability tests decreases as a function of ability or age. Published studies have shown mixed results. However, a recent review ( Hartmann & Nyborg, 2004 ) suggests that there is evidence for differences in g saturation by ability level, but that observed age effects on g saturation are most likely to be a consequence of the ability effect. The current study analyzed the standardization data of the most recent Wechsler scales for both children and adults from several different countries. This study did not find evidence to support either the ability or age version of SLODR by using large normative samples for the WISC-IV from the United States, Canada, and Australia, and for the WAIS-III from the same three countries and also from The Netherlands.

Brief cognitive screening of the elderly: a comparison of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT) and Mental Status Questionnaire (MSQ)

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. MacKenzie ◽  
P. Copp ◽  
R. J. Shaw ◽  
G. M. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Status ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Mental Test ◽  
Abbreviated Mental Test ◽  
State Examination

SynopsisOne hundred and fifty unselected elderly community subjects were assessed by Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT) and Mental Status Questionnaire (MSQ). The effects on cognitive test scores of potential confounding (non-cognitive) variables were evaluated. Sensitivities and specificities were: MMSE 80% and 98%; AMT 77% and 90%; and MSQ 70% and 89%. The MMSE identified significantly fewer false positives than the AMT and MSQ. The major effect of intelligence on cognitive test scores has previously been underestimated. Age, social class, sensitivity of hearing and history of stroke were also significantly correlated with cognitive test scores. Years of full time education and depression only affected the longer MMSE and CAMCOG. The MMSE (cut-off 20/21) can be recommended for routine screening. However, as scores are affected by variables other than cognitive function, particularly intelligence, further assessment of identified cases may fail to reveal significant functional impairment.

Cognitive Development of Children with Birthweights Under 1500 Grams: Intelligence Test Scores and Socioeconomic Status

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne J. Dezoete ◽  
Barton A. Macarthur
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Intelligence Test Scores ◽  
Parental Socioeconomic Status

ABSTRACTThis study of 123 children who weighed under 1500 grams at birth examined cognitive ability and behaviour at 4 years of age, in conjunction with two categories of birthweight and parental socioeconomic status, respectively. Analysis revealed a number of significant differences between the two birthweight groups, with children under 1000 grams performing less well on some WPPSI Scales. These effects of preterm birth, in turn, appeared to be further influenced by socioeconomic status.

Mini-Mental-State

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Kaiser ◽  
Renate Gusner-Pfeiffer ◽  
Hermann Griessenberger ◽  
Bernhard Iglseder
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Oder Nicht ◽  
State Examination

Im folgenden Artikel werden fünf verschiedene Versionen der Mini-Mental-State-Examination dargestellt, die alle auf der Grundlage des Originals von Folstein erstellt wurden, sich jedoch deutlich voneinander unterscheiden und zu unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen kommen, unabhängig davon, ob das Screening von erfahrenen Untersuchern durchgeführt wird oder nicht. Besonders auffällig ist, dass Frauen die Aufgaben «Wort rückwärts» hoch signifikant besser lösten als das «Reihenrechnen». An Hand von Beispielen werden Punkteunterschiede aufgezeigt.

Zur Anwendung der CES-D bei älteren Menschen: Dimensionsstruktur und Meßartefakte

Diagnostica ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Matschinger ◽  
Astrid Schork ◽  
Steffi G. Riedel-Heller ◽  
Matthias C. Angermeyer
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Partial Credit ◽  
Examination Score ◽  
State Examination

Zusammenfassung. Beim Einsatz der Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) stellt sich das Problem der Dimensionalität des Instruments, dessen Lösung durch die Konfundierung eines Teilkonstruktes (“Wohlbefinden”) mit Besonderheiten der Itemformulierung Schwierigkeiten bereitet, da Antwortartefakte zu erwarten sind. Dimensionsstruktur und Eignung der CES-D zur Erfassung der Depression bei älteren Menschen wurden an einer Stichprobe von 663 über 75-jährigen Teilnehmern der “Leipziger Langzeitstudie in der Altenbevölkerung” untersucht. Da sich die Annahme der Gültigkeit eines partial-credit-Rasch-Modells sowohl für die Gesamtstichprobe als auch für eine Teilpopulation als zu restriktiv erwies, wurde ein 3- bzw. 4-Klassen-latent-class-Modell für geordnete Kategorien berechnet und die 4-Klassen-Lösung als den Daten angemessen interpretiert: Drei Klassen zeigten sich im Sinne des Konstrukts “Depression” geordnet, eine Klasse enthielt jene Respondenten, deren Antwortmuster auf ein Antwortartefakt hinwiesen. In dieser Befragtenklasse wird der Depressionsgrad offensichtlich überschätzt. Zusammenhänge mit Alter und Mini-Mental-State-Examination-Score werden dargestellt. Nach unseren Ergebnissen muß die CES-D in einer Altenbevölkerung mit Vorsicht eingesetzt werden, der Summenscore sollte nicht verwendet werden.

Understanding Terminal Decline in Cognition and Risk of Death

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Rabbitt ◽  
Mary Lunn ◽  
Danny Wong
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Practice Effects ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Impending Death ◽  
Intelligence Test Scores ◽  
Reduced Risk

There is new empirical evidence that the effects of impending death on cognition have been miscalculated because of neglect of the incidence of dropout and of practice gains during longitudinal studies. When these are taken into consideration, amounts and rates of cognitive declines preceding death and dropout are seen to be almost identical, and participants aged 49 to 93 years who neither dropout nor die show little or no decline during a 20-year longitudinal study. Practice effects are theoretically informative. Positive gains are greater for young and more intelligent participants and at all levels of intelligence and durations of practice; declines in scores of 10% or more between successive quadrennial test sessions are risk factors for mortality. Higher baseline intelligence test scores are also associated with reduced risk of mortality, even when demographics and socioeconomic advantage have been taken into consideration.

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