The prevalence and workplace costs of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a large manufacturing firm

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Kessler ◽  
M. Lane ◽  
P. E. Stang ◽  
D. L. Van Brunt
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Manufacturing Firm ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Relative Odds ◽  
Workplace Accidents ◽  
Dsm Iv

BackgroundLittle is known about the effects of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on work performance or accidents-injuries.MethodA survey was administered in 2005 and 2006 to employees of a large manufacturing firm to assess the prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD. Respondents (4140 in 2005, 4423 in 2006, including 2656 in both surveys) represented 35–38% of the workforce. ADHD was assessed with the World Health Organization (WHO) Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), a validated screening scale for DSM-IV adult ADHD. Sickness absence, work performance and workplace accidents-injuries were assessed with the WHO Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ).ResultsThe estimated current prevalence (standard error) of DSM-IV ADHD was 1.9% (0.4). ADHD was associated with a 4–5% reduction in work performance (χ12=9.1, p=0.001), a 2.1 relative-odds of sickness absence (χ12=6.2, p=0.013), and a 2.0 relative-odds of workplace accidents-injuries (χ12=5.1, p=0.024). The human capital value (standard error) of the lost work performance associated with ADHD totaled US$4336 (676) per worker with ADHD in the year before interview. No data were available to monetize other workplace costs of accidents-injuries (e.g. destruction of equipment). Only a small minority of workers with ADHD were in treatment.ConclusionsAdult ADHD is a significantly impairing condition among workers. Given the low rate of treatment and high human capital costs, in conjunction with evidence from controlled trials that treatment can reduce ADHD-related impairments, ADHD would seem to be a good candidate for workplace trials that evaluate treatment cost-effectiveness from the employer's perspective.

Incidence of Internet addiction in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S396-S397
Author(s):  
B. Tuzun Mutluer ◽  
T.G. Yener Orum ◽  
S. Sertcelik
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dsm Iv

ObjectiveIn this study, it was aimed to determine the internet use properties of Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) patients who were followed-up at Haydarpasa Numune Research and Training Hospital, Psychiatry Department; ADHD Outpatient Clinic.MethodThirty participants who were diagnosed with adult ADHD aged between 18–31 years rated their ADHD symptoms in childhood retrospectively, using Wender Utah Rating Scale. Patients rated current adult ADHD symptoms with the Adult ADHD DSM-IV-Based Diagnostic Screening and Rating Scale (DSRS) and severity of symptoms measured by Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). Internet addiction (IA) was assessed with Young's Internet Addiction Scale (IAS). It was determined that, none of 30 Adult ADHD patients have been diagnosed with IA.29 of patient have moderate internet use although 1 of patients have risky internet use. The results revealed that total ASRS score (P = 0.020), total Adult ADHD DSM-IV-Based DSRS score (P = 0.036) and the Attention Deficit related properties subscale total score (P = 0.042) were significantly correlated with the IAS total score. Subscale of the self-report scales including; failing to finish schoolworks, chores, or duties at workplace, difficulty of following through on instructions (P = 0.017), restiveness; impaired inhibitory performance (P = 0.017), feeling not confident (P = 0.017), difficulty of managing time (P = 0.047), failing to give close attention to details or making careless mistakes (P = 0.037) are closely relevant to IAS total score.ResultIn conclusion, clinical features, which are characteristic of Adult ADHD could have same shared etiology with IA. Furthermore, ADHD patients are more likely to have an IA diagnosis. However, it was thought that this result had to be supported with studies including larger samples.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Prevalence and correlates of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: meta-analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 194 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktória Simon ◽  
Pál Czobor ◽  
Sára Bálint ◽  
Ágnes Mészáros ◽  
István Bitter
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Demographic Correlates ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Meta Regression Analysis

BackgroundIn spite of the growing literature about adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), relatively little is known about the prevalence and correlates of this disorder.AimsTo estimate the prevalence of adult ADHD and to identify its demographic correlates using meta-regression analysis.MethodWe used the MEDLINE, PsycLit and EMBASE databases as well as hand-searching to find relevant publications.ResultsThe pooled prevalence of adult ADHD was 2.5% (95% CI 2.1–3.1). Gender and mean age, interacting with each other, were significantly related to prevalence of ADHD. Metaregression analysis indicated that the proportion of participants with ADHD decreased with age when men and women were equally represented in the sample.ConclusionsPrevalence of ADHD in adults declines with age in the general population. We think, however, that the unclear validity of DSM–IV diagnostic criteria for this condition can lead to reduced prevalence rates by underestimation of the prevalence of adult ADHD.

scholarly journals Cross-national prevalence and correlates of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 190 (5) ◽  
pp. 402-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Fayyad ◽  
Ron De Graaf ◽  
Ronald Kessler ◽  
Jordi Alonso ◽  
Matthias Angermeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Estimate Prevalence ◽  
Lower Income Countries ◽  
Cross National

BackgroundLittle is known about the epidemiology of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).AimsTo estimate the prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV adult ADHD in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative.MethodAn ADHD screen was administered to respondents aged 18–44 years in ten countries in the Americas, Europe and the Middle East (n=11422). Masked clinical reappraisal interviews were administered to 154 US respondents to calibrate the screen. Multiple imputation was used to estimate prevalence and correlates based on the assumption of cross-national calibration comparability.ResultsEstimates of ADHD prevalence averaged 3.4% (range 1.2–7.3%), with lower prevalence in lower-income countries (1.9%) compared with higher-income countries (4.2%). Adult ADHD often co-occurs with other DSM-IV disorders and is associated with considerable role disability. Few cases are treated for ADHD, but in many cases treatment is given for comorbid disorders.ConclusionsAdult ADHD should be considered more seriously in future epidemiological and clinical studies than is currently the case.

A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Dexamphetamine in Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Paterson ◽  
Charles Douglas ◽  
Joachim Hallmayer ◽  
Michael Hagan ◽  
Zyron Krupenia
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dsm Iv

Objective: The aim of this paper is to determine the efficacy of dexamphetamine in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a naturalistic setting. Method: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of dexamphetamine was conducted by two psychiatrists in private practice who saw a total of 68 consecutive referrals of patients thought to have ADHD by their referring general practitioners. Patients were admitted to the study if their current level of ADHD symptoms satisfied DSM-IV criteria (modified for use in adults), and were not currently comorbid for major mood disturbance or substance abuse. Response to medication was assessed by repeated administration of these modified DSM-IV criteria, self- and relatives' rating, as well as clinician rating using the Clinical Global Impressions Scale. More general outcome measures included the Brief Symptom Inventory and a patient satisfaction questionnaire. Medication side effects were recorded, including monitoring blood pressure and weight change. Urinalysis monitored concurrent substance usage and compliance. Results: Dexamphetamine had a significant therapeutic response exceeding the placebo response (p = 0.045). The response was similar in both genders and across the age range. It was detected by patients, their relatives and the two clinicians. The only significant side effect was weight loss. One patient on dexamphetamine discontinued the trial because of an event possibly related to the medication. Conclusions: In the short term, dexamphetamine appears to be efficacious in treating adult ADHD. As this is the first study in the literature, the result requires replication. Given that stimulant medication use in adult ADHD appears to be long-term, studies of long-term efficacy need to be carried out.

Subtypes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Evidence From DSM-IV Field Trials

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. Lahey ◽  
B. Applegate ◽  
K. McBurnett ◽  
J. Biederman ◽  
L. Greenhill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dsm Iv

scholarly journals Association of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with Heroin Addiction

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad Salman ◽  
Muhammad Idrees ◽  
Muhammad Anees ◽  
Jawaria Idrees ◽  
Fariha Idrees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Heroin Addiction ◽  
Heroin Addicts ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Objectives: To study the association of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with heroin addiction. Study design: A cross-sectional, hospital based study. Place and duration of study: The study was carried out at Lady Reading Hospital and Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan from 4th April 2012 to 13th September 2012. Subjects and Methods: A sample of 137 adult heroin addicts were analyzed that whether they were ADHD and that childhood problem continues to manifest symptoms in adults. For retrospective assessment of childhood ADHD, the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) as well as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) symptom checklist for ADHD was used. The Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS) was used to assess the persisting symptoms of ADHD in adults. Inclusion criteria: Patient diagnosed with heroin addiction according to ICD-9 and DSM-IV. Exclusion criteria: Patient has co-morbid with any other mental illnesses. Results: The difference between the mean score of WURS and CAARS of ADHD patients were significantly greater than the normal patients. Heroin addicts showed 41.6% (WURS) and 38.6% (DSM-IV diagnostic criteria) that indicated evidence of retrospective ADHD affliction in childhood. 22.6% were IV users. CAARS was presented in 37.9% heroin addicts who exhibited a substantiation of ADHD persistent in adulthood. The difference between the mean score of WURS and CAARS of ADHD patients were significantly greater (P = 0.003), than the normal patients. Conclusions: These results revealed that addiction is associated with co-morbidity with ADHD, expressed in the form of heroin addiction. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i2.18294 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.13(2) 2014 p.128-134

Epidemiology, Impairments, and Differential Diagnosis in Adult ADHD: Introduction

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (S12) ◽  
pp. 4-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenard A. Adler
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Childhood Disorder

In the mid-1970s, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was still believed to be a childhood disorder that disappeared with the onset of adolescence. At this time, Wender studied a cohort of adults presenting with ADHD-like symptoms, all of whom had been diagnosed with ADHD in childhood. Wender prescribed psycho-stimulants, which successfully produced a response in the adults, thus fostering research into adult ADHD.

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