scholarly journals Self-reported childhood trauma correlates with schizotypal measures in schizophrenia but not bipolar pedigrees

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Schürhoff ◽  
A. Laguerre ◽  
H. Fisher ◽  
B. Etain ◽  
A. Méary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
High Genetic Risk ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
High Risk Populations ◽  
Psychotic Features ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Trauma Scores

BackgroundStrong evidence supports the association between childhood trauma and psychotic disorders. In two different high-risk populations, we looked for a correlation between the magnitude of schizotypal dimensions and the importance of self-reported childhood trauma.MethodA sample of 138 unaffected first-degree relatives was recruited (67 relatives of schizophrenic probands and 71 relatives of bipolar probands). The relationship between schizotypal dimensions and childhood trauma scores was analyzed by partial correlations.ResultsA positive correlation was found between childhood trauma scores and total schizotypal scores in first-degree relatives of schizophrenic subjects but not in first-degree relatives of bipolar probands. This correlation was primarily due to a strong association with the positive dimension of schizotypy.ConclusionsThe significant correlation between childhood trauma and schizotypal dimensions in subjects at high genetic risk for schizophrenia suggests that susceptibility genes for schizophrenia may interact with childhood trauma to induce the emergence of schizotypal dimensions, mainly positive psychotic features.

scholarly journals Basic symptoms in offspring of parents with mood and psychotic disorders

BJPsych Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyson Zwicker ◽  
Lynn E. MacKenzie ◽  
Vladislav Drobinin ◽  
Emily Howes Vallis ◽  
Victoria C. Patterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Basic Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychotic Features ◽  
The Relationship

Background Basic symptoms, defined as subjectively perceived disturbances in thought, perception and other essential mental processes, have been established as a predictor of psychotic disorders. However, the relationship between basic symptoms and family history of a transdiagnostic range of severe mental illness, including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, has not been examined. Aims We sought to test whether non-severe mood disorders and severe mood and psychotic disorders in parents is associated with increased basic symptoms in their biological offspring. Method We measured basic symptoms using the Schizophrenia Proneness Instrument – Child and Youth Version in 332 youth aged 8–26 years, including 93 offspring of control parents, 92 offspring of a parent with non-severe mood disorders, and 147 offspring of a parent with severe mood and psychotic disorders. We tested the relationships between parent mental illness and offspring basic symptoms in mixed-effects linear regression models. Results Offspring of a parent with severe mood and psychotic disorders (B = 0.69, 95% CI 0.22–1.16, P = 0.004) or illness with psychotic features (B = 0.68, 95% CI 0.09–1.27, P = 0.023) had significantly higher basic symptom scores than control offspring. Offspring of a parent with non-severe mood disorders reported intermediate levels of basic symptoms, that did not significantly differ from control offspring. Conclusions Basic symptoms during childhood are a marker of familial risk of psychopathology that is related to severity and is not specific to psychotic illness. Declaration of interest None.

Orbitofrontal morphology in people at high risk of developing schizophrenia

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 366-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Chakirova ◽  
K.A. Welch ◽  
TWJ Moorhead ◽  
A.C. Stanfield ◽  
J. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Classification System ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
High Genetic Risk ◽  
Psychotic Features ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First Episode Of Schizophrenia

AbstractBackgroundAbnormalities of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) sulcogyral patterns have been reported in schizophrenia, but it is not known if these predate psychosis.MethodsHundred and forty-six subjects at high genetic risk of schizophrenia, 34 first episode of schizophrenia patients (SZ) and 36 healthy controls were scanned and clinically assessed. Utilising the classification system proposed by Chiavaras, we categorised OFC patterns and compared their distribution between the groups, as well as between those high risk subjects who did, and did not develop schizophrenia. The relationship between OFC pattern and schizotypy was explored in high risk subjects.ResultsWe refined Chiavaras’ classification system, with the identification of a previously unreported variant of OFC surface structure. There were significant differences in distribution of OFC patterns between high risk subjects who did or did not develop schizophrenia as well as between the first episode of schizophrenia group and healthy controls. Within the high risk group, possession of OFC Type III was associated with higher ratings on the Structured Inventory for Schizotypy (SIS) psychotic factor.ConclusionsOur results suggest that OFC Type III is associated with psychotic features before the development of schizophrenia. Characterisation of OFC morphology may have a role in the identification of those at greatest risk of developing schizophrenia.

The role of cognitive functioning in the relationship between childhood trauma and a mixed phenotype of affective-anxious-psychotic symptoms in psychotic disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 262-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Mansueto ◽  
Martine van Nierop ◽  
Koen Schruers ◽  
Berhooz Z. Alizadeh ◽  
Agna A. Bartels-Velthuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mixed Phenotype

scholarly journals Childhood Trauma and Aggression in Persons Convicted for Homicide: An Exploratory Study Examines the Role of Plasma Oxytocin

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kah Kheng Goh ◽  
Mong-Liang Lu ◽  
Susyan Jou
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Overt Aggression Scale ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Trauma Scores ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Healthy Participants

Evidence has demonstrated the association between childhood trauma and criminality in adulthood, however, less is known about how best to explain the route from childhood trauma to adulthood aggression. Results from both human and animal studies have generated the hypothesis that dysfunction of the oxytocinergic system may correlate with pathological aggression. The current study represents a first exploratory examination to investigate the trajectory from childhood trauma to aggression, specifically, plasma oxytocin's role in this association. We assessed the childhood trauma experiences in a total of 108 participants, including 33 persons convicted for homicide and 75 non-offending healthy participants, using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, with in-depth clarification interviews for cross-validation. All participants were checked for aggression using the Modified Overt Aggression Scale and their plasma oxytocin levels were obtained. Results indicated that persons convicted for homicide had higher childhood trauma scores and lower plasma oxytocin levels than healthy controls. The plasma oxytocin levels were inversely correlated with childhood trauma in all participants. Further mediation models were constructed to explore these associations, in the best-fit model, the relationship between childhood trauma and aggression is mediated by plasma oxytocin levels in persons convicted for homicide. In conclusion, the association between childhood trauma and aggression of persons convicted for homicide is mediated by their plasma oxytocin levels. With leading to further theoretical consideration in the causality on how best to explain the interaction between childhood trauma and aggression, the current study may assist in developing further research and preventive strategies for aggression, particularly the importance of early identification of childhood trauma.

scholarly journals The mediating role of borderline personality features in the relationship between childhood trauma and psychotic-like experiences in a sample of help-seeking non-psychotic adolescents and young adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Sengutta ◽  
Łukasz Gawęda ◽  
Steffen Moritz ◽  
Anne Karow
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Personality Features ◽  
Early Trauma ◽  
Borderline Personality Features ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObjective:Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) often occur across different non-psychotic disorders in adolescent and young adult population and are related to early trauma. However, the mechanisms of how exposure to early trauma shapes the risk of PLEs are unclear. In our study, we investigated whether borderline personality features and further non-psychotic symptoms, i.e. factors related to both PLEs and childhood trauma, may mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and PLEs.Methods:Two hundred inpatients aged 16–21 years who were treated due to non-psychotic disorders were included. PLEs were assessed with the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ-16). Childhood Trauma was assessed with the Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire (ACE). Borderline personality features were assessed by using the Borderline-Symptom Checklist (BSL-23). Presence and frequency of depressive symptoms and anxiety were assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7).Table 1Clinical characteristics (n = 200).Mean (SD)Male/female67/133Age18.72 (1.85)Clinical diagnosisDepressive disorder (F32.1, F32.2, F33.0, F33.1, F33.2)167 (83.5%)Anxiety disorder (F40.1, F41.0, F41.1, F41.2)51 (25.5%)ComorbiditiesPTSD26 (13.0%)Personality disorders (F60.30, F60.31, F60.4, F60.6, F60.7, F60.8, F61)124 (66.5%)Eating disorder (F50.0, F50.1, F50.2)19 (9.5%)Others (F42.1, F42.2, F45.1, F44.5, F90.0)33 (16.5%)Measures: The Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) (SCID-I) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders II (SCID-II) were used to identify the clinical diagnoses.Results:A significant relationship between childhood trauma (ACE total score) and PLEs was found (ß = 0.30, 95% CI 0.247--0.659). In particular, emotional neglect (r = 0.298, p < 0.001) and sexual abuse (r = 0.264, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with PLEs. Borderline personality features fully mediated the relationship of childhood trauma and PLEs (ß = 0.12, 95% CI: -0.019--0.370). Anxiety and Depression showed a significant, but partial mediation of the relationship.Conclusion:Borderline personality features seem to be an important mediator of the relationship between childhood trauma and PLEs in adolescent patients with different non-psychotic psychiatric disorders. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.

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