White-matter markers for psychosis in a prospective ultra-high-risk cohort

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1297-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. J. N. Bloemen ◽  
M. B. de Koning ◽  
N. Schmitz ◽  
D. H. Nieman ◽  
H. E. Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Ultra High Risk ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right

BackgroundSubjects at ‘ultra high risk’ (UHR) for developing psychosis have differences in white matter (WM) compared with healthy controls. WM integrity has not yet been investigated in UHR subjects in relation to the development of subsequent psychosis. Hence, we investigated a prospective cohort of UHR subjects comparing whole brain fractional anisotropy (FA) of those later developing psychosis (UHR-P) to those who did not (UHR-NP).MethodWe recruited 37 subjects fulfilling UHR criteria and 10 healthy controls. Baseline 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) ratings were obtained. UHR subjects were assessed at 9, 18 and 24 months for development of frank psychosis. We compared baseline FA of UHR-P to controls and UHR-NP subjects. Furthermore, we related clinical data to MRI outcome in the patient population.ResultsOf the 37 UHR subjects, 10 had transition to psychosis. UHR-P subjects showed significantly lower FA values than control subjects in medial frontal lobes bilaterally. UHR-P subjects had lower FA values than UHR-NP subjects, lateral to the right putamen and in the left superior temporal lobe. UHR-P subjects showed higher FA values, compared with UHR-NP, in the left medial temporal lobe. In UHR-P, positive PANSS negatively correlated to FA in the left middle temporal lobe. In the total UHR group positive PANSS negatively correlated to FA in the right superior temporal lobe.ConclusionsUHR subjects who later develop psychosis have differences in WM integrity, compared with UHR subjects who do not develop psychosis and to healthy controls, in brain areas associated with schizophrenia.

Cavum Septi Pellucidi in First-Episode Patients and Young Relatives at Risk for Schizophrenia

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matcheri S. Keshavan ◽  
Perambur N. Jayakumar ◽  
Vaibhav A. Diwadkar ◽  
Amitabh Singh
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cavum Septi Pellucidi ◽  
Adolescent Offspring ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis

ABSTRACTStudies on schizophrenia (SZ) have documented an increased presence of cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) in individuals suffering from the illness. Moreover, the presence of CSP has been cited in support of the early neurodevelopmental hypothesis in SZ. Our objective was to assess the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of first-episode patients and healthy controls to evaluate the frequency of CSP. The presence and the size of CSP were visually assessed on the MRI scans of 40 first-episode SZ patients, 19 nonpsychotic child and high-risk adolescent offspring of patients with SZ or schizoaffective disorder, and 59 controls. Our analysis revealed an absence of statistically significant differences in the occurrence of CSP between SZ patients, high-risk subjects, and controls. Even when the analysis was restricted to large CSP, no differences were found. Furthermore, no association between CSP and sex or handedness was observed. The absence of CSP abnormalities in first-episode SZ subjects might indicate that SZ is not characterized by developmentally mediated alterations in CSP. Also, family history of SZ might not increase likelihood for CSP.

scholarly journals T18. EFFECTS OF COGNITIVE REMEDIATION ON WHITE MATTER IN INDIVIDUALS AT ULTRA-HIGH RISK FOR PSYCHOSIS – A RANDOMIZED, CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S237-S238
Author(s):  
Tina Kristensen ◽  
Bjørn H Ebdrup ◽  
Carsten Hjorthøj ◽  
Rene C W Mandl ◽  
Jayachandra Mitta Raghava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Remediation ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Ultra High Risk ◽  
Secondary Outcomes ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Background Individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR) present with subtle white matter alterations, which have been associated with clinical and functional outcome. The effect of cognitive remediation on white matter (WM) in UHR-individuals has not been investigated. Methods In a randomized, clinical intervention-trial (FOCUS), UHR-individuals aged 18–40 years were assigned to treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU plus cognitive remediation (CR) for 20 weeks. CR comprised 20 x 2-hour sessions of neurocognitive and social-cognitive training (SCIT). Primary outcome was whole brain fractional anisotropy (FA) derived from diffusion weighted imaging. Secondary outcomes pertained to regions of interest analyses. Planned post-hoc analyses explored dose-response effects of CR on WM. Main analyses of treatment effect of CR on primary and secondary outcomes were conducted using linear mixed models, assessing the interaction of timepoint by group (CR and TAU). Analyses were conducted according to the intention-to-treat principle. Results 111 UHR-individuals and 59 healthy controls were included. Attrition-rate was 30% at 6 months post-treatment follow-up. The CR group completed a mean of 12 hours of neurocognitive training. We found no effect of CR on whole-brain or regional FA. Planned post-hoc analyses revealed significant time*group (high- and low-attendance to CR) interactions in left superior corona radiata (p<0.01), left cingulum cingulate gyrus (P=0.03), and right superior longitudinal fasciculus (P<0,01), corrected. Specifically, when compared to UHR-individuals with high attendance (UHR-high >12 hours), those with low attendance (UHR-low <12 hours) had more co-morbid diagnoses, larger recreational smoking (nicotine and cannabis), more depressive and negative symptoms, and had significantly lower global FA at baseline, and showed a significant increase in FA after treatment. Furthermore, UHR-low displayed large effect-size (ES) improvements on depressive and negative symptoms, and moderate to large ES improvements in several cognitive functions (verbal fluency, verbal working memory, and processing speed). In contrast, UHR-high displayed large ES improvements in UHR-symptoms, and moderate ES improvement on social and occupational functioning. Discussion Contradicting our main hypothesis, we found no effect of CR on whole-brain or regional FA after six months. This may be explained by both the low number of neurocognitive training sessions and the attrition rate. The average of 12 hours of neurocognitive training is considerably lower than the recommended dosage of 25–30 hours necessary for cognitive improvements. The continuous need to develop feasible interventions and enhance adherence is stressed. Nevertheless, non-specific treatment may improve WM-integrity in UHR-individuals with lower global baseline FA in those with more severe psychopathology. The UHR-low subgroup exhibited improvements with large ES in levels of depressive and negative symptoms, as well as cognitive functions. We speculate, whether our results reflect that UHR-individuals with higher baseline FA (approaching the healthy controls), present with a preserved structural capacity for increased demands and new learning, while UHR-individuals characterized by lower FA at baseline may be more amendable to neuroplastic treatment-effects. The results support the value of subgrouping in a clinically heterogenous UHR-population, which also applies to examining WM integrity.

scholarly journals Abnormal Relationship Between Medial Temporal Lobe and Subcortical Dopamine Function in People With an Ultra High Risk for Psychosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1040-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Allen ◽  
C. A. Chaddock ◽  
O. D. Howes ◽  
A. Egerton ◽  
M. L. Seal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Ultra High Risk

scholarly journals Episodic and Semantic Autobiographical Memory in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia P. Múnera ◽  
Carolina Lomlomdjian ◽  
Belen Gori ◽  
Verónica Terpiluk ◽  
Nancy Medel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Specific Probe ◽  
Adolescence Period ◽  
The Right ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Autobiographical memory (AM) is understood as the retrieval of personal experiences that occurred in specific time and space. To date, there is no consensus on the role of medial temporal lobe structures in AM. Therefore, we investigated AM in medial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients. Twenty TLE patients candidates for surgical treatment, 10 right (RTLE) and 10 left (LTLE), and 20 healthy controls were examined with a version of the Autobiographical Interview adapted to Spanish language. Episodic and semantic AM were analyzed during five life periods through two conditions: recall and specific probe. AM scores were compared with clinical and cognitive data. TLE patients showed lower performance in episodic AM than healthy controls, being significantly worst in RTLE group and after specific probe. In relation to semantic AM, LTLE retrieved higher amount of total semantic details compared to controls during recall, but not after specific probe. No significant differences were found between RTLE and LTLE, but a trend towards poorer performance in RTLE group was found. TLE patients obtained lower scores for adolescence period memories after specific probe. Our findings support the idea that the right hippocampus would play a more important role in episodic retrieval than the left, regardless of a temporal gradient.

White matter microstructure in ultra-high risk and first episode schizophrenia: A prospective study

2016 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Rigucci ◽  
Giulia Santi ◽  
Valentina Corigliano ◽  
Annamaria Imola ◽  
Camilla Rossi-Espagnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
First Episode ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
Ultra High Risk ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Effects of cannabis use on event related potentials in subjects at ultra high risk for psychosis and healthy controls

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam J. van Tricht ◽  
Emma C. Harmsen ◽  
Johannes H.T.M. Koelman ◽  
Lo J. Bour ◽  
Thérèse A. van Amelsvoort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Ultra High Risk ◽  
Related Potentials

Association between blood pressure, white matter lesions, and atrophy of the medial temporal lobe

Neurology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. den Heijer ◽  
L. J. Launer ◽  
N. D. Prins ◽  
E. J. van Dijk ◽  
S. E. Vermeer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
White Matter Lesions

Factor structure of the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) in people at ultra high risk (UHR) for psychosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zixu Yang ◽  
Keane Lim ◽  
Max Lam ◽  
Richard Keefe ◽  
Jimmy Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Ultra High Risk ◽  
Negative Syndrome

scholarly journals S150. EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOUR IN HIGH-RISK AND FIRST-EPISODE PSYCHOSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S93-S93
Author(s):  
Irina Falkenberg ◽  
Huai-Hsuan Tseng ◽  
Gemma Modinos ◽  
Barbara Wild ◽  
Philip McGuire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Facial Movements ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Ultra High Risk

Abstract Background Studies indicate that people with schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis experience deficits in their ability to accurately detect and display emotions through facial expressions, and that functioning and symptoms are associated with these deficits. This study aims to examine how emotion recognition and facial emotion expression are related to functioning and symptoms in a sample of individuals at ultra-high risk, first-episode psychosis and healthy controls. Methods During fMRI, we combined the presentation of emotional faces with the instruction to react with facial movements predetermined and assigned. 18 patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP), 18 individuals at ultra high risk of psychosis (UHR) and 22 healthy controls (HCs) were examined while viewing happy, sad, or neutral faces and were instructed to simultaneously move the corners of their mouths either (a). upwards or (b). downwards, or (c). to refrain from movement. The subjects’ facial movements were recorded with an MR-compatible video camera. Results Neurofunctional and behavioral response to emotional faces were measured. Analyses have only recently commenced and are ongoing. Full results of the clinical and functional impact of behavioral and neuroimaging results will be presented at the meeting. Discussion Increased knowledge about abnormalities in emotion recognition and behaviour as well as their neural correlates and their impact on clinical measures and functional outcome can inform the development of novel treatment approaches to improve social skills early in the course of schizophrenia and psychotic disorders.

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