Cavum Septi Pellucidi in First-Episode Patients and Young Relatives at Risk for Schizophrenia

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matcheri S. Keshavan ◽  
Perambur N. Jayakumar ◽  
Vaibhav A. Diwadkar ◽  
Amitabh Singh
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cavum Septi Pellucidi ◽  
Adolescent Offspring ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis

ABSTRACTStudies on schizophrenia (SZ) have documented an increased presence of cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) in individuals suffering from the illness. Moreover, the presence of CSP has been cited in support of the early neurodevelopmental hypothesis in SZ. Our objective was to assess the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of first-episode patients and healthy controls to evaluate the frequency of CSP. The presence and the size of CSP were visually assessed on the MRI scans of 40 first-episode SZ patients, 19 nonpsychotic child and high-risk adolescent offspring of patients with SZ or schizoaffective disorder, and 59 controls. Our analysis revealed an absence of statistically significant differences in the occurrence of CSP between SZ patients, high-risk subjects, and controls. Even when the analysis was restricted to large CSP, no differences were found. Furthermore, no association between CSP and sex or handedness was observed. The absence of CSP abnormalities in first-episode SZ subjects might indicate that SZ is not characterized by developmentally mediated alterations in CSP. Also, family history of SZ might not increase likelihood for CSP.

Myxofibrosarcoma of the neck

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 872-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Udaka ◽  
H Yamamoto ◽  
T Shiomori ◽  
T Fujimura ◽  
H Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Parapharyngeal Space ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Transcervical Approach ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Tentative Diagnosis

We report a rare case of myxofibrosarcoma arising in the neck. A 55-year-old man presented with a two-year history of left-sided, painless, submandibular swelling. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an 80 × 35 mm, well defined, lobulated, submandibular tumour extending to the parapharyngeal space. The tumour showed uniformly low intensity and marked hyperintensity in T1- and T2-weighted MRI scans, respectively, and was scarcely enhanced by gadolinium. A tentative diagnosis of lymphangioma or plunging ranula was made, and the patient underwent local injection of OK-432, which proved to be ineffective. Resection of the tumour was then performed via a transcervical approach. The tumour was histopathologically and immunohistochemically diagnosed as a low-grade myxofibrosarcoma. The patient's post-operative clinical course was uneventful, and the patient was free of disease 27 months after surgery. The pathology, clinical characteristics and treatment of myxofibrosarcoma are bibliographically reviewed.

scholarly journals Clinical utility of magnetic resonance imaging in first-episode psychosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 211 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Falkenberg ◽  
Stefania Benetti ◽  
Marie Raffin ◽  
Phillipe Wuyts ◽  
William Pettersson-Yeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Mri Scans

BackgroundThere is no consensus as to whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be used as part of the initial clinical evaluation of patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP).Aims(a) To assess the logistical feasibility of routine MRI; (b) to define the clinical significance of radiological abnormalities in patients with FEP.MethodRadiological reports from MRI scans of two FEP samples were reviewed; one comprised 108 patients and 98 healthy controls recruited to a research study and the other comprised 241 patients scanned at initial clinical presentation plus 66 healthy controls.ResultsIn the great majority of patients, MRI was logistically feasible. Radiological abnormalities were reported in 6% of the research sample and in 15% of the clinical sample (odds ratio (OR) = 3.1, 95% CI 1.26–7.57, χ2(1) = 6.63, P = 0.01). None of the findings necessitated a change in clinical management.ConclusionsRates of neuroradiological abnormalities in FEP are likely to be underestimated in research samples that often exclude patients with organic abnormalities. However, the majority of findings do not require intervention.

White-matter markers for psychosis in a prospective ultra-high-risk cohort

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1297-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. J. N. Bloemen ◽  
M. B. de Koning ◽  
N. Schmitz ◽  
D. H. Nieman ◽  
H. E. Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Ultra High Risk ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right

BackgroundSubjects at ‘ultra high risk’ (UHR) for developing psychosis have differences in white matter (WM) compared with healthy controls. WM integrity has not yet been investigated in UHR subjects in relation to the development of subsequent psychosis. Hence, we investigated a prospective cohort of UHR subjects comparing whole brain fractional anisotropy (FA) of those later developing psychosis (UHR-P) to those who did not (UHR-NP).MethodWe recruited 37 subjects fulfilling UHR criteria and 10 healthy controls. Baseline 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) ratings were obtained. UHR subjects were assessed at 9, 18 and 24 months for development of frank psychosis. We compared baseline FA of UHR-P to controls and UHR-NP subjects. Furthermore, we related clinical data to MRI outcome in the patient population.ResultsOf the 37 UHR subjects, 10 had transition to psychosis. UHR-P subjects showed significantly lower FA values than control subjects in medial frontal lobes bilaterally. UHR-P subjects had lower FA values than UHR-NP subjects, lateral to the right putamen and in the left superior temporal lobe. UHR-P subjects showed higher FA values, compared with UHR-NP, in the left medial temporal lobe. In UHR-P, positive PANSS negatively correlated to FA in the left middle temporal lobe. In the total UHR group positive PANSS negatively correlated to FA in the right superior temporal lobe.ConclusionsUHR subjects who later develop psychosis have differences in WM integrity, compared with UHR subjects who do not develop psychosis and to healthy controls, in brain areas associated with schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Short-term Repeat Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scans in Suspected Early Axial Spondyloarthritis Are Clinically Relevant Only in HLA-B27–positive Male Subjects

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Sengupta ◽  
Helena Marzo-Ortega ◽  
Dennis McGonagle ◽  
Alison Wadeley ◽  
Alexander N. Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽  
Inflammatory Back Pain ◽  
Hla B27 ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Repeat Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Objective.Our study investigated the natural history of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–determined bone marrow edema over a 12-week period in individuals with suspected axial spondyloarthritis.Methods.There were 109 MRI scans performed on 30 patients who fulfilled the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis international Society inflammatory back pain criteria at baseline and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks.Results.There were 29 patients who completed the study. Only 4 (14%) patients changed from MRI-negative to MRI-positive (all HLA-B27–positive, OR 2.74). Three of 7 (43%) male HLA-B27–positive patients, 1 of 8 (12.5%) HLA-B27–positive female patients, and no HLA-B27–negative patients changed from MRI- negative to -positive.Conclusion.Repeat MRI scans within a 12-week period should be considered in HLA-B27–positive males.

Reduction of the parahippocampal gyrus and the hippocampus in patients with chronic schizophrenia

1999 ◽  
Vol 174 (6) ◽  
pp. 512-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamran Razi ◽  
Kimberly P. Greene ◽  
Michael Sakuma ◽  
Shuming Ge ◽  
Maureen Kushner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Limbic Structures ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

BackgroundThere have been many studies reporting reduced volume of the hippocampus or other limbic structures in patients with schizophrenia, but the literature is inconsistent.AimsTo compare patients with either first-episode or chronic schizophrenia with controls using high-resolution volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.MethodThirteen patients with first-episode schizophrenia, 27 with chronic schizophrenia and 31 controls had 1.5 mm coronal slices taken through the whole brain using a spoiled-grass MRI acquisition protocol.ResultsThe parahippocampal gyrus was reduced significantly on the left side in patients with chronic schizophrenia compared with controls for both male and female patients, whereas the hippocampus was reduced significantly on both sides only in female patients. There were no significant reductions in any structure between patients with first-episode schizophrenia and controls.ConclusionsVolumetric reduction seen in patients with chronic schizophrenia may be due to an active degenerative process occurring after the onset of illness.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Pseudo-impingement of Rotator Cuff with Strength Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2-6
Author(s):  
Asad Naqvi ◽  
Timothy Ariyanayagam ◽  
Mir Akber Ali ◽  
Akhila Rachakonda ◽  
Hema N. Choudur
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Subacromial Space ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Training Exercises

Objective: The objective of this study was to outline a novel unique concept of secondary impingement of the muscles, myotendons, and tendons of the rotator cuff from hypertrophy as a result of strength training exercises. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, 58 patients were referred for an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by the orthopedic surgeon to the radiology department over a period of 1½ years. All patients gave a history of strength training exercises and presented with clinical features of rotator cuff impingement. Results: We identified features of hypertrophy of rotator cuff muscles, myotendons, and tendons in 12 of these 58 patients. This was the only abnormality on MRI. The hypertrophy of rotator cuff muscles and tendon bulk completely filling the subacromial space to the point of overfilling and resulting in secondary compressive features. Conclusion: Rotator cuff impingement is a common phenomenon that can occur with various inlet and outlet pathological conditions. However, rotator cuff impingement may also result from muscle and tendon hypertrophy from strength training regimens. Hypertrophy of the rotator cuff can result in overfilling of the subacromial space, leading to secondary impingement, which we have termed as “pseudo-impingement.”

Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging-aided Diagnosis of Primary Essential Cutis Verticis Gyrata: A Case Report with 5-year Follow-up and Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 906-910
Author(s):  
Hongzhang Zhu ◽  
Shi-Ting Feng ◽  
Xingqi Zhang ◽  
Zunfu Ke ◽  
Ruixi Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Cutis Verticis Gyrata ◽  
Essential Form ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: Cutis Verticis Gyrata (CVG) is a rare skin disease caused by overgrowth of the scalp, presenting as cerebriform folds and wrinkles. CVG can be classified into two forms: primary (essential and non-essential) and secondary. The primary non-essential form is often associated with neurological and ophthalmological abnormalities, while the primary essential form occurs without associated comorbidities. Discussion: We report on a rare case of primary essential CVG with a 4-year history of normal-colored scalp skin mass in the parietal-occipital region without symptom in a 34-year-old male patient, retrospectively summarizing his pathological and Computer Tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. The major clinical observations on the CT and MR sectional images include a thickened dermis and excessive growth of the scalp, forming the characteristic scalp folds. With the help of CT and MRI Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction techniques, the characteristic skin changes could be displayed intuitively, providing more evidence for a diagnosis of CVG. At the 5-year followup, there were no obvious changes in the lesion. Conclusion: Based on our observations, we propose that not all patients with primary essential CVG need surgical intervention, and continuous clinical observation should be an appropriate therapy for those in stable condition.

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in patients with dorsal root ganglion stimulation

Pain Practice ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Reining ◽  
Dirk Winkler ◽  
Joachim Boettcher ◽  
Juergen Meixensberger ◽  
Michael Kretzschmar
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Comorbid Depressive Disorders in Epilepsy

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (S4) ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres M. Kanner ◽  
Andrew J. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Room ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Clonic Seizure ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Abnormal Signal ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
History Of Depression

A 27-year-old woman presented to the emergency room after having witnessed generalized tonic clonic seizure while asleep. Birth and development were normal. She had suffered a single febrile seizure at 13 months of age, but had no other seizure risk factors. She was otherwise well except for a history of depression for which she was taking sertraline. Depressive symptoms had been well controlled over the past 3 months, but she had been under increased stress working to finish a doctoral thesis. Neurological examination was normal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed modest asymmetry of the hippocampi, slightly smaller on the right, but no abnormal signal and well-preserved laminar anatomy. An electroencephalogram was negative. She was discharged from the emergency room with no treatment. Three weeks later, the patient's boyfriend witnessed an episode of behavioral arrest with lip smacking and swallowing automatisms lasting 45 seconds, after which the patient was confused for 20–30 minutes. The next morning she and her boyfriend kept a previously scheduled appointment with a neurologist.

scholarly journals Diagnosing RCVS Without the CV

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. NP1-NP4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuri Jacoby ◽  
Ulrike Kaunzner ◽  
Marc Dinkin ◽  
Joseph Safdieh
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Mri Brain ◽  
Cerebral Vasoconstriction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Reversible Encephalopathy ◽  
Occipital Lobes ◽  
The Brain

This is a case of a 52-year-old man with a past medical history of 2 episodes of coital thunderclap headaches as well as recent cocaine, marijuana, and pseudoephedrine use, who presented with sudden, sharp, posterior headache associated with photophobia and phonophobia. His initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the head, and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) of the head were all normal as well as a normal lumbar puncture. Given the multiple risk factors for reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS), the patient was treated for suspected RCVS, despite the normal imaging. Repeat MRI brain 3 days after hospital admission demonstrated confluent white matter T2 hyperintensities most prominent in the occipital lobes, typical of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Repeat MRA of the head 1 day after discharge and 4 days after the abnormal MRI brain showed multisegment narrowing of multiple arteries. This case demonstrates that RCVS may present with PRES on MRI brain and also exemplifies the need to treat suspected RCVS even if imaging is normal, as abnormalities in both the MRI and the MRA may be delayed.

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